{"title":"Pioniere der medizinischen mRNA-Technologie","authors":"Annette Hille-Rehfeld","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202310016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202310016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin teilen sich in diesem Jahr die Biochemikerin <b><i>Katalin Karikó</i></b> und der Immunologe <b><i>Drew Weissman</i></b> für „Erkenntnisse über Nucleosid-Basenmodifikationen, die die Entwicklung wirksamer mRNA-Impfstoffe gegen COVID-19 ermöglichten“.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"57 6","pages":"358-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kalter Krieg und heiße Brühe","authors":"Dr. Günter Matter","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202100054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202100054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg war die Versorgung der Bevölkerung in der Sowjetzone besonders schwierig. Die Menschen litten Hunger, Fleisch war ein rarer Artikel. Das veranlasste die Chemiker des Elektrochemischen Kombinates Bitterfeld (EKB), aus Schlachtabfällen durch Eiweißhydrolyse Ersatzprodukte zu schaffen. Die unter dem Markennamen BINO auf den Markt gebrachten Speisewürzen, Brühwürfel, Eiweißpulver und weitere Produkte bereicherten das Lebensmittelangebot (Abbildung 1). Für das EKB war BINO eine Erfolgsgeschichte, Umsatz und Gewinn stimmten. Doch durch Falschmeldungen in der westdeutschen Presse wurden die BINO-Produkte in Misskredit gebracht. Auch die ostdeutsche Konkurrenz beschwerte sich bei den staatlichen Stellen der DDR darüber, wie ein chemischer Großbetrieb, der Grundchemikalien, Düngemittel, Biozide und Herbizide herstellt, Lebensmittel produzieren darf.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 4","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wertvolle Baumrinde für gutes Leder – vom Handwerk eines Lohmüllers","authors":"Dieter Sicker","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202200047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202200047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Durch Lohgerbung gewonnenes Leder hat eine warme hell- bis rotbraune Farbe.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"57 6","pages":"408-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moral, Verantwortung, Nachhaltigkeit","authors":"Prof. Dr. D. Wöhrle","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202100051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Anthropocene increasingly dramatic changes for the state of planet Earth occurred due to the consequences of industrialisation. The global economy and human behaviour also led to environmental stress and damage in the limited Earth system. A rethink in many areas must take place to avoid further consequences. Because of the importance of chemistry also in the future, ethics must be anchored as a moral value system. This is where scientists are called upon through their responsibility in applying the results of science. Sustainability is also important for the preservation of the regenerative capacity of ecosystems and the careful use of resources. It is necessary that schools and universities deal with ethics in chemistry in connection with moral, responsibility and sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 4","pages":"236-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Es ist angerichtet","authors":"Gerhard Karger","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202310013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202310013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ausschnitt aus „Der Mensch als Industriepalast“ (Lehrtafel von Fritz Kahn, dem „Pionier der Infografik“ aus dem Jahr 1926. Schematischer Querschnitt eines armlosen Rumpfs; Bereiche des Körpers sind als Arbeitsräume gestaltet; die organischen Funktionen verglich Kahn mit industriellen Vorgängen oder alltäglichen Bürosituationen, um komplizierte Abläufe einfach darzustellen. An komplexen Prozessen wie dem Zuckerstoffwechsel in der Leber sind Arbeiter-Homunkuli beteiligt.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 3","pages":"194-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Überleben im Giftgasnebel","authors":"Larissa Tetsch","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202300033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202300033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bienenwölfe legen ihre Eier auf einer erbeuteten Honigbiene ab, die den schlüpfenden Larven als Nahrung dient. Für ihr Überleben sind sie auf bakterielle Symbionten angewiesen, die in der Bruthöhle von der Mutter auf die Larven übertragen werden. Doch in der Höhle herrschen für Mikroben tödliche Bedingungen, vor denen der Bienenwolf seine Symbionten schützen muss.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 2","pages":"76-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress in der Fritteuse","authors":"Sylvia Feil","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202300036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202300036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bei einem Wort wie Frittenfett erinnern viele sich an ein bestimmtes Geruchs- und Geschmacksprofil. Allerdings gibt es keine klaren Parameter dafür, wann Gastronomen das Öl in der Fritteuse auswechseln sollten. Wie sich die Qualität jedoch einfach und treffend feststellen lässt, war Ziel einer Studie in Wuppertal und Detmold.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 1","pages":"8-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Michael Geißelbrecht, Dr. Franziska Auer, Stephan Kiermaier, Prof. Dr. Peter Wasserscheid
{"title":"Wasserstofflogistik: flüssige organische Wasserstoffträger","authors":"Dr. Michael Geißelbrecht, Dr. Franziska Auer, Stephan Kiermaier, Prof. Dr. Peter Wasserscheid","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202300017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202300017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) represent a promising alternative for the storage and transport of the green energy carrier hydrogen. Compared to conventional methods, such as compression and liquefaction, the LOHC technology offers advantages in terms of safety and loss-free storage at comparable volumetric energy density. Due to reversible chemical bonding of the hydrogen in the LOHC fluid, the latter can be regarded as a liquid returnable bottle. The storage and release take place in each case via a chemical reaction. In this article, various application scenarios of the LOHC technology and related current projects are presented. In summary, it can be stated that the supply of buildings with electricity and heat can be realised by combining LOHC dehydrogenation and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The climate-neutral supply of industrial parks can be improved by integrating a seasonal LOHC storage system into an existing heating network. The coupling with a combined heat and power plant enables the use of all heat flows and a high storage efficiency. In addition, the LOHC technology can contribute to the realisation of safe, cheap and emission-free rail transport on non-electrified lines. In contrast to the use of gaseous hydrogen as fuel, the existing infrastructure for diesel can be further used for refuelling trains with the liquid LOHC storage medium.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 1","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Der Rote Keulenkopf","authors":"Dr. Frank Petersen","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202310014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ciuz.202310014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All starting compounds for ergot drugs, lysergic acids being the most critical, could solely be generated by cultivating sclerotia on rye. In 1960 and 1964, Italian project teams led by the German-British chemist Ernst Boris Chain and the natural products research group at Sandoz AG in Basel accomplished a breakthrough in the submers cultivation production of lysergic acid-related compounds in bioreactors. In the USA, the German chemist Heinz Floss resolved the biosyntheses of lysergic acid and further ergotalkaloids by feeding radioactively labelled building blocks to liquid cultures of ergot. In 1999 the research teams of Paul Tudzynski (University of Münster) and Ullrich Keller (TU Berlin) identified the complete gene cluster in the ergot genome encoding the enzymes of the ergotamine biosynthesis and orchestrating the enzymatic steps to ergotamine. Today, ergotoxicosis of man still occurs sporadically in developing countries, where suitable measures for the reduction of sclerotia in the harvest and the continuous monitoring of cereals for toxin control cannot be constantly upheld. The gangrenous ergotism generated by contaminated forage grasses is still a worldwide problem for agricultural farms and nurseries. The receptors by which ergotalkaloids convey the gangrenous toxicosis are now well understood. The striking similarity between the symptoms of convulsive ergotism and the drug-induced “Serotonin-Syndrom”, as shown by the Australian neurologist Mervyn J. Eadie, reveals a passable analogical conclusion as to which receptor types may be involved in causing this kind of ergotoxicosis. In 2022, the US-American pharmacologist Bryan Roth elucidated the binding of LSD to the 5-HT2A/2B-receptors by applying the novel cryo electron microscopy technology. Leveraging the new high resolution structural data, the Chinese researcher Sheng Wang designed molecules showing antidepressive activity in a mouse model without displaying a hallucinogenic effect. Currently LSD is part of psychiatric clinical research studies to assess its therapeutic benefit in the therapy of difficult to treat depressions, traumatic disorders, anxiety states or cluster headache.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"57 6","pages":"386-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zitrusduft","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202370501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202370501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Limonen: auf der Suche nach dem verborgenen Duft</b></p><p>Von allen Naturstoffen umschmeicheln die Monoterpene unseren Riechsinn in ganz besonderer Weise. Schon beim Aufzählen ihrer Namen riecht es nach Kräutern und Gewürzen, Campher aus Rosmarin und Salbei, Thujon aus Wermut, Menthol aus Pfefferminze, Ocimen aus Basilikumöl, Eucalyptol aus Eukalyptus, Carvon aus Kümmel und Pulegon aus Polei-Minze. Aber nicht immer passt der Duft zum Namen; und das ausgerechnet bei dem am häufigsten vorkommenden Monoterpen, dem Limonen. Riechen wir einmal genauer hin.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"57 5","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ciuz.202370501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50123322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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