{"title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Pulmonary Immunity: a Systems Biology Perspective on Its Role in Lung Diseases.","authors":"Aliyarbayova Aygun, Hajiyeva Yaqut, Pashayeva Sara, Qaniyeva Guney, Qarayeva Sevda, Mekhtiyeva Arzu","doi":"10.33594/000000864","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that occupies a central regulatory position within pulmonary immune networks, integrating inflammatory signalling, redox control, and immune-stromal communication. Originally characterised as a pro-inflammatory mediator, MIF is now recognised to exert context-dependent functions ranging from protective host defence during acute infection to the promotion of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and tumour progression. This review synthesises current evidence on the molecular biology and signalling mechanisms governing MIF activity in the lung, highlighting its role as a network hub coordinating CD74/CD44- and CXCR-mediated signalling, glucocorticoid antagonism, and redox imbalance. A systems biology perspective illustrates how genetic variability, environmental exposure, ageing, and metabolic stress reprogram MIF-centred immune circuits across pulmonary diseases. Integration of multi-omics and computational modelling identifies opportunities for selective modulation of MIF signalling. Disease-specific roles in pneumonia, COPD, fibrosis, and lung cancer are discussed, positioning MIF as a key immunoregulatory node for future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"223-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Erythrocytes: a Functional Sensor of Environmental Toxicity from Brominated Flame Retardants.","authors":"Monika Jarosiewicz, Bożena Bukowska","doi":"10.33594/000000863","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are widely used synthetic compounds with increasing environmental persistence and toxicological concern. This study investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human erythrocytes as a potential biomarker of BFR-induced cellular dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AChE activity was measured spectrophotometrically using Ellman's method after exposure to selected compounds including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), and bromophenols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TBBPA and TBBPS significantly altered AChE activity, with increased enzyme activity observed at specific concentrations. Among bromophenols, significant effects were detected for 2,4,6-TBP and pentabromophenol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biological effects of BFRs depend on chemical structure and concentration. While erythrocyte AChE responds to exposure, it is not a highly sensitive biosensor, as detectable changes occur alongside other cellular alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galina Solyanik, Nataliya Rodionova, Yurii V Stepanov, Denis Kolesnik, Yulia Yakshibaeva, Alexandr Kuzmenko, Karl Volokh
{"title":"Ultra-Broadband Micromechanical Ultrasound (UMUS) as a Strategy to Correct Cyclophosphamide-Induced Myelosuppression Without Limiting Antitumor Efficacy.","authors":"Galina Solyanik, Nataliya Rodionova, Yurii V Stepanov, Denis Kolesnik, Yulia Yakshibaeva, Alexandr Kuzmenko, Karl Volokh","doi":"10.33594/000000862","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>This study aimed to apply ultra-broadband micromechanical ultrasound (UMUS) for correction of myelosuppression caused by the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide without limiting its antitumor efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included animals bearing transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma. Cyclophosphamide (CP) was administered once daily for three consecutive days starting on day 8 of tumor growth at a cumulative dose of 330 mg/kg per mouse. After completion of CP administration, a subset of animals was exposed to UMUS irradiation once daily for five days. Control groups included mice without tumors and tumor-bearing mice not exposed to CP or UMUS. Tumor growth kinetics were analyzed, and quantitative parameters of peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained data indicate that UMUS exposure does not reduce the antitumor efficacy of CP but is associated with enhanced recovery of the hematopoietic system and exerts a positive effect on bone marrow regeneration. This is confirmed by a statistically significant increase in the number of cells in specific bone marrow hematopoietic pools, including myelokaryocytes, blast cells, erythroid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UMUS exposure was associated with accelerated recovery of multiple hematopoietic lineages in the bone marrow following cyclophosphamide-induced injury, without compromising antitumor efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danny Isaías Vera Guerrero, Grether Lucía Real Pérez, Frank Guillermo Intriago Flor, José Patricio Muñoz Murillo, Miguel Andrés Falconí Vélez, Ahmed El Salous, Luis Gerardo Merino Jaramillo, Denis Joaquín Zambrano Ortiz, Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz, Mauricio Valdiviezo Peña, Felipe Jadán Piedra
{"title":"Characterization of a Biosensor For the Detection of Triglycerides in Vegetable Oils Using Lipase from Candida Rugosa.","authors":"Danny Isaías Vera Guerrero, Grether Lucía Real Pérez, Frank Guillermo Intriago Flor, José Patricio Muñoz Murillo, Miguel Andrés Falconí Vélez, Ahmed El Salous, Luis Gerardo Merino Jaramillo, Denis Joaquín Zambrano Ortiz, Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz, Mauricio Valdiviezo Peña, Felipe Jadán Piedra","doi":"10.33594/000000860","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Rapid and cost-effective quantification of triglycerides remains a challenge in industrial food quality control, where conventional analytical methods are often time-consuming and resource-intensive. This study aimed to develop and characterize an amperometric biosensor based on lipase (LPS) as a biorecognition element for efficient triglyceride detection in vegetable oils.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lipase was immobilized onto the electrode surface to catalyze the hydrolysis of glyceryl tributyrate, enabling electrochemical signal generation. Measurements were performed at an applied potential of -600 mV, with a detection time of 7 seconds. The enzymatic reaction rate was derived from the slope of the amperometric signal (mV/s), and calibration was conducted over a concentration range of 1-5 mM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biosensor demonstrated a strong linear response (R² = 0.998) and high substrate affinity (KM = 0.13 mM). The system exhibited excellent repeatability and specificity, with minimal interference from other triglycerides. Long-term stability studies showed that the immobilized enzyme retained approximately 90% of its activity over 260 days and could be reused up to 27 times without significant performance loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This biosensor represents a robust, rapid, and environmentally friendly analytical platform for triglyceride detection, offering a practical alternative to conventional techniques and strong potential for implementation in routine industrial quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Axel Erich Theuer, Stella Exner, Ioannis Thomas, Florian Lang, John David Mullins, John Warlick, Gerd Strassmann, Thomas K Eigentler, Gerhard Franz Walter
{"title":"Tumor Destructive Mechanical Impulse (TMI) Treatment of Solid Tumors. Part III: Transcranial Application, Immune Profile, Blood-Brain Barrier, Neuroprotection, Neuromodulation and Neurostimulation.","authors":"Axel Erich Theuer, Stella Exner, Ioannis Thomas, Florian Lang, John David Mullins, John Warlick, Gerd Strassmann, Thomas K Eigentler, Gerhard Franz Walter","doi":"10.33594/000000859","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>We explored the fundamental feasibility, technical frame conditions and effectiveness of transcranial Tumor Destructive Mechanical Impulse (TMI) treatment of brain tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The optimal treatment parameters (total energy required, energy flux density, shock wave frequency) and applicator positions were explored and defined with respect to the special conditions given by propagation of shock waves through the skull.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As first clinical observations, we present the outcome of transcranial TMI treatment in two cases with brain metastases of malignant melanoma. In both cases, regression of metastases as well in the brain as in other sites was observed, in one of the cases with a complete tumor free recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In these cases, there were no identifiable signs of impairment of the surrounding brain tissue, and even indications of neuro-regenerative effects as described in the cited experimental literature, so that transcranial TMI treatment of brain tumors may be applied for further systematic investigation without any currently discernible risk for the intact surrounding brain tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"175-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147644140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niraj Kumar Jha, Payal Chauhan, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid, D Avinash, Abdulmajeed G Almutary, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Ajay Singh, Ghassan M Sulaimani, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Hamdoon A Mohammed, Jyotsna Misra, Kunal Thakur, Dhruv Kumar
{"title":"mTOR Signalling in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unveiling Key Factors, Mechanistic Insights, and Possible Therapeutic Interventions.","authors":"Niraj Kumar Jha, Payal Chauhan, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid, D Avinash, Abdulmajeed G Almutary, Sorabh Lakhanpal, Ajay Singh, Ghassan M Sulaimani, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Hamdoon A Mohammed, Jyotsna Misra, Kunal Thakur, Dhruv Kumar","doi":"10.33594/000000858","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are defined by the gradual degeneration of neuronal cells, wherein the accumulation of misfolded proteins can lead to memory impairments, motor dysfunctions, and other deteriorations. Despite the widespread impact, there are currently no viable pharmaceuticals to treat these disorders. The mTOR protein is a crucial regulator of cell survival, growth, autophagy, and apoptosis. Targeted modulation of mTOR signaling holds promise for mitigating neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, ALS, and Parkinson's disease. Understanding its interactions with pathways such as PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and SIRT1 is essential for developing effective therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"136-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felipe Jadán Piedra, Sara Cantos-Macias, María Janina Cedeño Vivas, Jorge Mario Ferrín Vélez, Olga Noemi Toala Briones, Frank Guillermo Intriago Flor, Marco Vera Cruzatty, Andrés Miguel Anchundia Loor, Denis Joaquín Zambrano Ortiz, Carlos Jadán Piedra
{"title":"Lactic Fermentation in Traditional Beverages Made from Cereals and Tubers. Process Control Using a Biosensor.","authors":"Felipe Jadán Piedra, Sara Cantos-Macias, María Janina Cedeño Vivas, Jorge Mario Ferrín Vélez, Olga Noemi Toala Briones, Frank Guillermo Intriago Flor, Marco Vera Cruzatty, Andrés Miguel Anchundia Loor, Denis Joaquín Zambrano Ortiz, Carlos Jadán Piedra","doi":"10.33594/000000857","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Monitoring lactic acid is a critical parameter during the production of fermented foods, as it serves as an indicator of product quality and process control. The use of biosensors offers a simple and cost-effective approach for real-time monitoring in the production chain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A biosensor based on lactate oxidase (LacOx) was developed to determine lactic acid content in fermented beverages (chicha and pozol). Different membranes were evaluated as immobilization supports, with particular focus on enzyme stability. The system operated at a potential of -0.5 mV, and the amperometric signal was recorded after 10 seconds. Sensor performance was assessed through calibration, sensitivity, and kinetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The enzymatic reaction rate was directly proportional to oxygen consumption (mg L⁻¹ O₂ s⁻¹), showing a linear detection range between 0.1 and 2 mM (R² = 0.9986). The sensor demonstrated good sensitivity at 0.1 mM and allowed membrane reuse up to 15 times. Enhanced stability was observed when using a cassava biopolymer as immobilization support. The Michaelis-Menten constant (KM = 340 µM) indicated a high affinity of the enzyme for the substrate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed biosensor provides a reliable, sensitive, and low-cost method for monitoring lactic acid in fermented beverages and represents a practical tool for quality control in the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muna Mohammed Khayri, Hiba Naser Ali, Thura Alyasiri, Haider M Al-Khalidi, Ahmed M Amshawee, Maryam A Hussain, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Hany M El-Wahsh
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of Passive Disinfection Air Filters Coated with Metal-Based Nanoparticles to Combat Hospital-Acquired Airborne Pathogens.","authors":"Muna Mohammed Khayri, Hiba Naser Ali, Thura Alyasiri, Haider M Al-Khalidi, Ahmed M Amshawee, Maryam A Hussain, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Hany M El-Wahsh","doi":"10.33594/000000856","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Nosocomial infections continue to be a serious problem in hospital settings, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), where resistant germs can spread through the air. Air filters are often designed to capture particulate matter but not necessarily to kill live germs that remain on their surfaces.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>To address these issues, polypropylene filter media were imbued with silver (AgNPs), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to impart antibacterial activity. Chemical reduction was used to create AgNPs, while sol-gel and precipitation methods were used to prepare ZnO and CuO nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DLS and zeta potential measurements were utilized to calculate particle size distribution, polydispersity index, and surface charge. The filters were coated with nanoparticle suspensions by an alcohol-based dip-coating process, followed by heat treatment to solidify the deposited layers. Antibacterial activity was measured against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) using agar diffusion and direct-contact assays, and reusability was assessed over three cycles. Different variations were observed among the tested materials. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated the largest inhibition zones (18.2 mm for S. aureus and 16.7 mm for P. aeruginosa), followed by copper oxide nanoparticles, which showed moderate inhibition. Under identical conditions, zinc oxide exhibited the lowest inhibition. Over three reuse cycles, AgNP-coated filters retained the majority of the antibacterial activity with minimal decreases in inhibitory zone diameters. ZnO and CuO coatings, on the other hand, showed significantly higher decreases after many cleanings. Treatment of filters with nanoparticles significantly increased antibacterial efficacy compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, the addition of metal nanoparticles to polypropylene filter media appears to improve efficacy in lowering viable airborne bacterial loads. Silver-based coatings exhibited the highest resistance and effective antibacterial response among the studied materials, indicating their potential applicability in ventilation systems for the control of airborne infection within the limitations of the present three-cycle experimental framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skylar Sundquist, Sieun Ruth Lee, Alyssa Johnson, Haley M Lynch, Abbey Schnell, Sarah Wieskamp, Henry N Peabody, Lauren Kennington, Caroline Askonas, Charlotte Turner, David Hayes, Michael Hledin, Lauren Lee, Maria A Burnatowska-Hledin
{"title":"Regulation of Cellular Signaling by CUL5 is Dependent on Its Neddylation Status.","authors":"Skylar Sundquist, Sieun Ruth Lee, Alyssa Johnson, Haley M Lynch, Abbey Schnell, Sarah Wieskamp, Henry N Peabody, Lauren Kennington, Caroline Askonas, Charlotte Turner, David Hayes, Michael Hledin, Lauren Lee, Maria A Burnatowska-Hledin","doi":"10.33594/000000855","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>CUL5 acts as the scaffold protein of the E3 ligase complex in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathways. Overexpression of CUL5 inhibits cellular proliferation, whereas inhibition of CUL5 expression induces proliferation and may contribute to clinical disorders including cancer. The effects of CUL5 depend on its post-translational modification by NEDD8 (neddylation), a process that represents a potential therapeutic target. This study explores the structure-function relationship between CUL5 and its neddylation status in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CUL5 was mutated at the putative neddylation site Lys (K) 724 to Arg (K724RCUL5) and at three potential neddylation sites K724, K727, and K728 (K724R/K727R/K728RCUL5). Because mutation of the PKA phosphorylation site Ser (S) 730 (S730ACUL5) was previously shown to induce neddylation, a K724R/S730ACUL5 mutant was also generated. Mutant and wild-type constructs were expressed in rat endothelial cells (RAMEC), T47D cancer cells, and COS-1 cells. Cellular proliferation, MAPK phosphorylation, ERα expression, and CUL5 neddylation status were analyzed, including treatment with the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression of wild-type CUL5 attenuated cell growth in RAMEC, T47D, and COS-1 cells. In contrast, expression of K724RCUL5 and K724R/S730ACUL5 mutants induced cellular growth, whereas the K724R/K727R/K728RCUL5 mutant had no significant effect on proliferation. In T47D cells, MAPK phosphorylation and estrogen receptor (ERα) expression were directly correlated with the neddylation status of CUL5. Western blot analysis of COS-1 cells treated with MLN4924 demonstrated that CUL5 remained neddylated in all mutant cell lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that modification of CUL5 by NEDD8 may occur at multiple lysine residues and that multi-site neddylation may contribute to the diverse regulatory effects of CUL5 on cellular signaling and proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 2","pages":"103-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rouya Mohammed Ahmed, Hiba Naser Ali, Adian Khalid Majeed, Thura Alyasiri, Ahmed M Amshawee, Maryam A Hussain, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Hany M El-Wahsh
{"title":"Bio-Nanoparticle-Induced Self-Defense in Arabidopsis thaliana: Molecular Insights into Resistance Gene Activation Under Smart Industrial Stimuli.","authors":"Rouya Mohammed Ahmed, Hiba Naser Ali, Adian Khalid Majeed, Thura Alyasiri, Ahmed M Amshawee, Maryam A Hussain, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Hany M El-Wahsh","doi":"10.33594/000000849","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Nanobiotechnology offers sustainable strategies to enhance plant resistance by activating innate immune responses. This study evaluates the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on transcriptional activation of defense-associated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CNPs were produced via ionic gelation and sprayed on leaves of 4-week-old plants. Relative expression levels of PR1, PDF1.2, and WRKY70 were measured using qRT-PCR and the 2^-ΔΔCt method with normalization and statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNP treatment significantly increased PR1, PDF1.2, and WRKY70 expression compared to controls, indicating activation of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways. WRKY70 showed the highest induction, suggesting a major regulatory role in coordinating defense signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chitosan nanoparticles act as effective inducers of transcriptional activation of plant defense markers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mechanisms including ROS signaling, calcium influx, MAPK cascades, and PTI/ETI responses warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}