Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Hange-Shashin-to Suppresses Serotonin-Induced Neurogenic Intestinal Contraction via Inhibition of 5-HT3A Receptor Signaling.","authors":"Kaori Sato-Numata, Ryo Takayama, Ayako Sakai, Tomohiro Numata","doi":"10.33594/000000881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Hange-shashin-to (HST) is a standardized multi-component herbal formulation widely used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by dysregulated serotonergic signaling and abnormal intestinal motility. Despite its clinical application, the cellular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of HST on serotonin (5-HT)-induced neuronal responses and the underlying role of 5-HT3A receptor signaling.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>Differentiated PC12 cells were used as a neuron-like model to evaluate 5-HT-induced cell shrinkage, membrane depolarization, intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation, and acetylcholine release. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in HEK293T cells expressing 5-HT3A receptors to examine receptor-mediated cation currents. The effects of HST on 5-HT-induced colonic contractions were further evaluated using ex vivo rat colonic tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HST attenuated 5-HT-induced cell shrinkage in a concentration-dependent manner and suppressed membrane depolarization, intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation, and acetylcholine release in PC12 cells. Patch-clamp analysis demonstrated that HST directly inhibited 5-HT3A receptor-mediated cation currents without altering voltage dependence or reversal potential. Furthermore, HST significantly reduced 5-HT-induced colonic contractions, with efficacy comparable to that of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ramosetron.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HST suppresses 5-HT-induced neuronal excitation through inhibition of 5-HT3A receptor-mediated ion channel activity, resulting in reduced downstream intestinal motor responses. These findings identify the 5-HT3A receptor as a molecular target of HST and provide mechanistic insight into its pharmacological actions on 5-HT-mediated intestinal dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":"427-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Native Ecuadorian Legumes as Sustainable Sources of Antioxidants and Essential Amino Acids.","authors":"Mayra Paredes-Escobar, Fabiola Cornejo, Rómulo Salazar, Andrea Delgado-Ramos, Mónica Silva Ordoñez, Jorge G Figueroa, Jenny Ruales, Elena Villacrés, Carlos Moreno-Miranda, Rubén Vilcacundo, Rodny Peñafiel, Pilar Pazmiño-Miranda, Marta Igual, Purificación García-Segovia","doi":"10.33594/000000880","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Underutilized native legumes may contribute to the development of sustainable, nutrient-dense foods with potential relevance to malnutrition and diet-related non-communicable diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the nutritional and functional profile of five native Ecuadorian legumes (Cajanus cajan, Lablab purpureus, Phaseolus lunatus baby lima, Phaseolus lunatus big lima, and Vigna unguiculata) through proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, antioxidant capacity, amino acid profiles, amino acid scores (AAS), and phytate molar ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lablab purpureus showed the highest amino acid score (166.30%), followed by P. lunatus baby lima (159.46%) and V. unguiculata (156.82%), and all species exceeded the FAO/WHO indispensable amino acid reference pattern for older children, adolescents, and adults. Cajanus cajan was characterized by high dietary fiber (31.44 g/100 g) and calcium contents (5750 mg/kg), whereas Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata showed higher iron and magnesium contents, together with antioxidant responses associated with phenolic compounds. Although phytate molar ratios suggested potential constraints on non-heme iron bioavailability, the comparatively low phytate ratios indicated lower predicted interference with magnesium availability. Principal component analysis explained 77.6% of the total variance and revealed differentiated nutritional profiles among species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support a cautious translational interpretation of underutilized Ecuadorian legumes as differentiated plant food matrices in which phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, amino acids, and minerals may contribute to redox balance, gut barrier physiology, protein adequacy, and micronutrient nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":"417-426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as a Central Regulator of Tumor Progression and Immune Evasion.","authors":"Aygun Aliyarbayova, Yegana Shakaraliyeva, Hagigat Valiyeva, Nigar Mehdiyeva, Elchin Huseynov, Konul Guliyeva, Shabnam Ganbayeva","doi":"10.33594/000000878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has emerged as a central regulator of tumor progression and immune evasion. Initially identified as an inflammatory cytokine, it is now understood as a multifunctional signaling molecule that integrates hypoxia, metabolic stress, oncogenic activation, and tumor microenvironmental remodeling across diverse malignancies. Through pathways involving cluster of differentiation 74, cluster of differentiation 44, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4, macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastatic competence. It also shapes the tumor microenvironment by enhancing suppressive myeloid infiltration, macrophage polarization, cluster of differentiation 8-positive T-cell exhaustion, regulatory T-cell accumulation, and impaired antigen presentation. These combined effects position macrophage migration inhibitory factor as an immunometabolic mediator linking chronic inflammation with malignant adaptation and therapeutic resistance. Elevated signaling is associated with poor prognosis and reduced response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, macrophage migration inhibitory factor represents a mechanistically important and translationally relevant target whose clinical value will depend on precise biomarker-guided therapeutic integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":"386-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of Β-Globin Mutations and Hematological Parameters in Iraqi Β-Thalassemia Patients.","authors":"Hamsa Ahmed Jasim, Hind Adnan Mohammed, Raghda Al-Omairi","doi":"10.33594/000000879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>β-Thalassemia is a common hemoglobin disorder distributed worldwide and caused by mutations in the HBB gene that reduce or abolish β-globin chain synthesis, resulting in chronic hemolytic anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and variable clinical severity. Although the molecular spectrum of β-thalassemia has been extensively investigated, data correlating β-globin mutations with hematological characteristics in Iraqi patients remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations by integrating molecular mutation analysis with hematological and biochemical profiling in an Iraqi β-thalassemia cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2025 at the Hematology Department, University of Baghdad. Fifty patients with β-thalassemia were initially recruited, of whom 22 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and consented to participate (4 males and 18 females; age range, 18-68 years). Hematological parameters, HbA₂ and HbF levels, serum iron and ferritin concentrations, and β-globin gene mutations were analyzed. Mutation screening was performed using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate genotype-phenotype associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients exhibited a predominantly microcytic, hypochromic hematological profile, with a mean hemoglobin concentration of 11.1 ± 1.4 g/dL, a mean MCV of 63.5 ± 0.78 fL, a mean MCH of 20.2 ± 0.25 pg, and elevated RDW values (17.9 ± 0.23%), consistent with anisocytosis. HbA₂ levels ranged from 3.5% to 7.2% (mean, 5.4 ± 0.25%) as determined by HPLC, whereas HbF levels ranged from 0.3% to 5.6% (mean, 1.4 ± 0.17%). HPLC provided more reliable HbA₂ quantification than alkaline electrophoresis. Serum iron and ferritin levels showed considerable interindividual variability. β-Globin mutations were identified in 68.2% of patients, with IVS-I-6 being the most frequent mutation (45.5%), followed by CD39. No significant associations were observed between genotype and sex, profession, ethnicity, or place of residence. In contrast, age-group distribution differed significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated considerable phenotypic heterogeneity among Iraqi patients with β-thalassemia and identified IVS-I-6 as the predominant β-globin mutation in this cohort. The absence of significant genotype-phenotype associations for most clinical variables suggests that additional genetic and environmental modifiers may contribute to disease expression. Combined molecular and hematological evaluation may improve the diagnostic characterization and classification of patients with β-thalassemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":"408-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenaline and Salbutamol Rapidly Exert Mast Cell-Stabilizing Properties in Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells.","authors":"Hikaru Honda, Kurumi Sugawara, Kinari Kawamura, Hiroyuki Sonobe, Tsutomu Tamada, Junko Shida, Itsuro Kazama","doi":"10.33594/000000877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Adrenaline is the first-choice drug for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Previous studies have revealed its prophylactic effects on the release of chemical mediators from mast cells. However, adrenaline quickly reverses the symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis after injection, indicating its rapid effects on mast cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the effects of adrenaline on rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation using differential-interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. To examine the rapid effects of adrenaline and salbutamol, a selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, we treated mast cells with these drugs immediately after exocytosis induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Similar to mast cells pre-incubated with adrenaline, those immediately treated with adrenaline did not exhibit exocytosis. At concentrations equal to or higher than 0.2 mg/ml, adrenaline significantly reduced the numbers of degranulating mast cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas salbutamol required higher doses to exert significant effects. At 1 mg/ml, adrenaline and salbutamol almost completely suppressed mast cell degranulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides novel in vitro evidence indicating for the first time that adrenaline rapidly exerts mast cell-stabilizing properties in a dose-dependent manner. Salbutamol also stabilizes mast cells at high doses, revealing its additive therapeutic efficacy in anaphylaxis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":"376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Infection and Cardiac Aging: a New Perspective on Pathogen-Associated Cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Noah Walsh, Sophia DeCesare, Kavisha Patel, Tawshik W Iqbal, Azadeh Nasuhidehnavi","doi":"10.33594/000000876","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the primary driver of global mortality, with advanced age serving the most significant risk factor for their development and progression. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic infections can act as potent catalysts for cardiac decline by prematurely inducing aging phenotypes. Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, that evade host clearance establish a state of permanent inflammaging: a chronic, low-grade inflammatory milieu characterized by persistent cytokine signaling and leukocyte infiltration. This environment directly mirrors the sterile inflammation that drives natural senescence. Mechanistically, chronic infection subverts the heart's homeostatic pathways, triggering cardiomyocyte senescence through the dysregulation of mTOR signaling and the impairment of autophagy. These infections further drive mitochondrial dysfunction and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative DNA damage and metabolic exhaustion within the myocardium. On a structural level, immune subversion, via macrophage polarization and the induction of autoimmunity, accelerates left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial remodeling, and interstitial fibrosis. By characterizing chronic infection as a modifiable driver of biological aging, we can prioritize anti-infective strategies as essential components of cardiovascular longevity and geriatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 4","pages":"346-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer IV: Predisposing Conditions for Metastases.","authors":"Björn L D M Brücher, Ijaz S Jamall","doi":"10.33594/000000872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Causal therapy has achieved success in the treatment of epithelial tumors, which account for more than 80% of all cancers. Although frequently claimed as breakthroughs, cancer therapy has achieved limited increases in survival of only weeks to several months, and cancer incidence continues to increase while metastasis rates, which are primarily responsible for cancer mortality, remain constant. This reflects an incomplete understanding of carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. Over a 25-year timeframe, the series \"Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer\" has examined the biological basis of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Part I addressed carcinogenesis, Part II identified the first cancer cell, and Part III described the development of local pre-metastatic niches and traveling cancer satellites. In this fourth part, the conditions required for distant metastasis are discussed, including the sequential development of metastatic niches (MN-1, MN-2, and MN-3), transendothelial migration, dormancy, immune modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metastatic niche maturation. The review proposes that metastatic progression depends on the formation of metastatic cancer satellites consisting of metastatic cancer cells, metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs), stromal components, chemokine coatings, platelets, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), each contributing to immune evasion and dissemination. This sequential distant metastatic niche model provides a biological framework explaining clinical observations including metastatic dormancy, relapse after surgery or anticancer therapy, tumor heterogeneity, and the limited long-term success of current therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 3","pages":"291-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome: a Clinical Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Si Dung Chu, Linh Tran Pham, Minh Thi Tran, Huy Quoc Nguyen","doi":"10.33594/000000871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>To present a clinical case of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to provide a concise pathophysiological overview with emphasis on underlying metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a case report combined with a focused literature review. We describe a patient with MetS who was evaluated and treated at the Hospital of Vietnam National University in Hanoi, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 20-year-old male presented with headaches and palpitations. Clinical examination revealed obesity (BMI 37.1) with a waist circumference of 111 cm, dyslipidemia (triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol: 3.84/1.15/4.39/7.29 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (blood glucose 7.07 mmol/L, HbA1c 7.2%). The patient also exhibited sinus tachycardia and elevated blood pressure, which was confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio was approximately 3.34, indicating insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. Based on these findings, metabolic syndrome associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the early manifestation of metabolic syndrome and illustrates its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Effective management requires early diagnosis, lifestyle modification, weight reduction, and individualized pharmacological therapy to improve metabolic control and reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 3","pages":"280-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148223679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Schisandrin B on Mice with Multiple Myeloma.","authors":"Anna Li, Hongchao Sheng, Yan Zou, Tingting Zhang, Qingqing Zhu, Caishui Wan, Chen Chen, Mei Wu","doi":"10.33594/000000870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33594/000000870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The management of multiple myeloma (MM), a formidable hematological malignancy, continues to pose substantial challenges. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a bioactive compound derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has demonstrated potent antitumor properties, but its in vivo effects on MM remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumor growth was evaluated by measuring body weight, tumor volume, and cell proliferation. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. ELISA was performed to quantify interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by immunofluorescence, and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of IL-6, JAK2, phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2), STAT3, and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sch B markedly inhibited tumor proliferation, induced S-phase cell cycle arrest, and promoted apoptosis. Sch B reduced the expression of IL-6, VEGF, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 while increasing ROS levels in mice with MM. Moreover, Sch B exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect when combined with bortezomib.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Schisandrin B represents a promising therapeutic candidate for multiple myeloma, and its antitumor efficacy is further enhanced in combination with bortezomib.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 3","pages":"270-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Urolithin A on Mitochondrial Homeostasis Disruption by LPS in C2C12 Myotubes.","authors":"Germán Tapia-Curimil, Mayalen Valero-Breton, Louise Deldicque, Hermann Zbinden-Foncea","doi":"10.33594/000000869","DOIUrl":"10.33594/000000869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway plays a critical role in mediating inflammatory responses and regulates mitochondrial structural adaptations. Urolithin A (UA), a natural compound that induces mito- and autophagy, may improve mitochondrial homeostasis and health. This study examined the effects of UA on TLR4 signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and mitochondrial morphology after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incubation in C2C12 myotubes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C2C12 myotubes were incubated with LPS (1 µg/ml) and/or UA (50 µM). Protein expression related to TLR4 signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, and autophagy was assessed by Western blot, while mitochondrial morphology was evaluated using electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPS-induced inflammation activated downstream TLR4 signaling pathways and altered mitochondrial morphology, including reduced mitochondrial area and circularity. LPS also increased phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission marker DRP1. UA prevented or attenuated these alterations induced by LPS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UA partially mitigates LPS-induced inflammation through modulation of TLR4 signaling and mitochondrial dynamics and may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9845,"journal":{"name":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry","volume":"60 3","pages":"260-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147867000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}