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{"title":"Effects of phytogenic mound on overland flow pathway, hydraulic characteristics and soil water redistribution at a patch scale in the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhibao Dong ,&nbsp;Zhengchao Zhou ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytogenic mounds are usually formed under plants that intercept wind and runoff-borne sediment in semiarid environments. These mounds may affect the water source-sink relationship between vegetation patches and interspace patches. However, the impact of phytogenic mound on this relationship and the associated hydrological processes between patches are not well understood. This study aims to assess the effects of phytogenic mound on overland flow pathways, flow hydraulics and soil water redistribution at the patch scale. Upslope inflow experiments were conducted on three different patchy slopes (<em>Caragana korshinskii</em> (CK)<em>, Hippophae rhamnoides</em> (HR)<em>,</em> and <em>Artemisia gmelinil</em> (AG)) in the Loess Plateau. Results indicated that, compared to soil physicochemical properties, the shape and size of the mounds played a more crucial role in the hydrological processes within the patches. Redundancy analysis and hierarchical partitioning analysis revealed that the most significant factors are mound height (11.16 %) and downslope angle of mound (13.77 %). Most mound parameters exhibited a significant negative correlation with water flowpath width. The effects of mound parameters on runoff hydraulics were highly complex and largely dependent on the flow pathways. The relationships between mound parameters and soil water variables were negative at the upper, middle and lower parts of the mound, but positive at the left part. Differences in soil water between before and after runoff experiments and soil water storage (SWS) at the upper and left parts of the mound were greater than at the middle and lower parts. Average SWS of AG (16.24 ± 3.48 mm) with smaller mound size was found to be greater than that of HR (14.27 ± 3.99 mm) and CK (13.25 ± 2.24 mm). With increasing mound size, the spatial differences in SWS among the four parts increased. Consequently, the water source-sink relationship between the interspace patch surrounding the mound and the vegetation patch on the mound weakened as the mound size increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromorphological characteristics and environmental significance of the Holocene aeolian loess-paleosol section in the Zoige Basin","authors":"Dou Chen ,&nbsp;Jiangli Pang ,&nbsp;Yuzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chun Chang Huang ,&nbsp;Yali Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Zha ,&nbsp;Yuqin Li ,&nbsp;Qili Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A typical Holocene aeolian loess-paleosol section was identified in the Zoige Basin on the northeastern (NE) Tibetan Plateau. Detailed micromorphological observations and systematic studies were conducted using a Leica DMRX polarizing microscope, and microstructure identification and quantitative analysis were performed using Leica Qwin3.2 software. The results revealed the following findings. (1) In the Zoige Basin of the alpine-cold region, the micromorphological characteristics include coarse grain sizes, mainly ranging from 100 to 200 μm, with quartz and plagioclase as the main mineral types. The secondary minerals consist mainly of small amounts of secondary calcites and secondary clay minerals. The organic matters includ humus, plant residues, and charcoal fragments. The main void type is stacked voids with rough walls. (2) Compared to loess, the coarse grain parameters (area, perimeter, length/width ratio, roundness, and equivalent circle diameter) in the paleosol decrease significantly, and the unstable minerals exhibit obvious signs of weathering. The porosity and humus content increase. In modern soil, coarse grain parameters increase, unstable mineral boundaries become evident, and the porosity decreases. These characteristics suggest a variation in the intensity of weathering and pedogenesis following a weak-strong–weak pattern, indicating the climatic evolution in the Zoige Basin from dry-cold to warm-wet and back to dry-cold since the Holocene. (3) Compared with the Loess Plateau, the loess-paleosol micromorphology of the Zoige Basin in the alpine-cold region is characterized by significantly higher unstable mineral content, coarser grain size, less secondary mineral content, and mainly vesicular voids with rougher walls. These characteristics indicate significant differences in weathering and pedogenesis between the two regions owing to variations in geographical environments. The hydrothermal conditions of the Zoige Basin in the alpine-cold region were lower than those in the Loess Plateau, resulting in less intense weathering and pedogenesis. These results could provide the micromorphological evidence for reconstructing the Holocene paleoclimate evolution in the NE Tibetan Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of permafrost collapse on soil carbon, nitrogen, and metal elements on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Wenjuan Wang ,&nbsp;Evgeny Abakumov ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Gensheng Li ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Xu ,&nbsp;Guimin Liu ,&nbsp;Sizhong Yang ,&nbsp;Vyacheslav Polyakov ,&nbsp;Timur Nizamutdinov ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permafrost degradation can lead to the decomposition of organic matter and the remobilization of metal elements (MEs). However, the changes in MEs, as well as the relationships between soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and MEs in permafrost collapse areas remain unknown. Here, we investigated the changes in SOC, TN, and MEs and their driving factors in three stages (control, drape, and exposed) of four thermokarst sites on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results revealed that SOC and TN decreased by 20–30% and 11–17% from control to drape areas, respectively. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd declined by 3.11% to 45.07% from drape to exposed areas. Furthermore, soil water content, bulk density, and pH were correlated with SOC and TN. Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and pH regulated the connection of SOC and TN with MEs. Our results suggest that permafrost collapse changes SOC, TN, and MEs, and also indirectly strengthens the relationship of SOC and TN with MEs via SIC and pH, which might be a critical mechanism for SOC and TN pools in thermokarst-affected terrains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulation of methane production potential and alteration in community composition of methanogens following conversion of China’s coastal marshes to paddy fields","authors":"Xiaochen Yao ,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yuling Yang ,&nbsp;Wangting Yang ,&nbsp;Qinan Hu ,&nbsp;Jinghao Jin ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchao Wang ,&nbsp;Lidong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conversion of coastal marshes to paddy fields can significantly affect methane (CH₄) emissions. However, how such land conversion impacts methanogenesis, a key microbial process regulating CH₄ emissions, is poorly known. This investigation adopted a space-for-time substitution method to compare soil methane production potential (MPP), abundance and community composition of methanogenic archaea between marsh land (covered by <em>Kandelia candek</em>, <em>Phragmites australis</em>, or <em>Bruguiera sexangula</em>) and nearby paddy fields in six different regions along the coast of China. Linear mixed-effects models showed that the conversion of salt marshes to paddy fields resulted in significant increases in overall MPP and abundance of methanogenic archaea by 343 % and 346 % in average, respectively. A significant variation in the community composition of methanogenic archaea was observed between marsh land and paddy fields, with the dominant genera shifting from <em>Methanolobus</em> (32.1 %) and <em>Methanosarcina</em> (27.3 %) to <em>Methanobacterium</em> (49.0 %). Partial least squares path model showed that the change of MPP was primarily driven by abundance of methanogenic archaea, and the abundance was affected by alterations in soil physicochemical properties (e.g., organic carbon content, NH₄⁺ content, and salinity) and community composition of methanogenic archaea caused by land conversion. Moreover, both MPP and abundance of methanogenic archaea were significantly correlated with the conversion years. Collectively, this study was the first to show the dynamic response of MPP and community of methanogenic archaea to the conversion of coastal marshes to paddy fields, thereby enhancing our understanding of land conversion’s impact on CH₄ cycling and the underlying mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual mechanism drives the enrichment of pedogenic magnetic particles derived from red beds","authors":"Ran Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Long ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Dengchun Xing ,&nbsp;Chuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yongjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Daoxian Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxides and associated magnetic properties are considered good indicators of the pedogenic environment and regional climate. However, these indicators are under debate for soils developed from sediments. The accumulation of magnetic particles derived from sediments depends not only on the formation of iron oxides but also on the existence and transformation of detrital iron oxides. To explore the formation mechanism of magnetic particles accompanied by pedogenetic processes, a toposequence consisting of six profiles derived from red beds with contrasting drainage conditions under a subtropical monsoon climate is examined. We generally observed upward magnetic enhancement but inconsistent correlations between magnetism and iron oxide phases. The magnetic enhancement in the well drained profiles was dominated by the reverse transformation of detrital hematite to fine maghemite particles, whereas in the poorly drained profiles, coarse magnetite particles formed with soil organic matter enrichment in an anaerobic way. The lower magnetism in the transition profiles is attributed to the hydration of iron oxides into goethite before the pedogenic environment became anaerobic. The different magnetic enrichment mechanisms explain the nonlinear responses of magnetism and color to climate across temporal and spatial scales. These findings also suggest that soil magnetism is promising for tracing soil moisture and ecological evolution, especially in red soils and sediments across the surfaces of the Earth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new framework for assessing carbon fluxes in alpine rivers","authors":"Yuheng Yang ,&nbsp;Xue Xiao ,&nbsp;Mengyu Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Dong ,&nbsp;Ruiying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riverine carbon dynamics connecting land and ocean carbon cycles play a crucial role in regulating global carbon turnover. Despite its importance, the impact of climate change and runoff components on riverine carbon dynamics, particularly in alpine regions, remains underexplored. In this study, we introduce a conceptual framework to assess the impact of climate change on riverine carbon fluxes across various runoff components. We use a distributed hydrological model and stable isotopes to identify key runoff components, then identify the dominant drivers of variability in runoff carbon concentrations. We establish component-specific relationships between carbon concentrations and dominant drivers, assessing the watershed carbon balance through a comparative analysis of carbon fluxes in various runoff components. The proposed framework was validated in a representative watershed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it effectively captured the seasonal carbon dynamics and the impact of climate change and runoff components. Our results indicated that runoff and temperature dominate riverine carbon concentrations. The carbon fluxes associated with rainfall and groundwater showed higher sensitivity to runoff, while those in the snowmelt component were more sensitive to temperature. We found seasonal variability in carbon fluxes, with particulate organic carbon concentrations peaking at 4.80 mgC/L during the thawing period and other carbon components (i.e., dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, particulate inorganic carbon) peaking during the freezing period. We quantified the total carbon input and output for the watershed as 15.12 tC/km²/yr and 12.19 tC/km²/yr, with 51.2% of the carbon influx attributed to rainfall, 10.9% to groundwater, and 37.9% to snowmelt. Our study enhances the understanding of riverine carbon dynamics and offers a promising approach for predicting carbon budgets under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory mechanism of soil and water conservation measures on understorey erosion in a subtropical hilly region","authors":"Jieling Wu ,&nbsp;Ruibo Zha ,&nbsp;Xuan Zha ,&nbsp;Yuting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation restoration affects soil erosion by altering near soil-surface characteristics and hydrodynamic mechanisms. However, the regulatory mechanisms of vegetation restoration in reducing soil erosion under forests are not fully clear. Five soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) with different vegetation structures and characteristics were used in the pure forest of <em>Pinus massoniana</em> which included the grass and shrub, grass, grass and shrub + level furrow, grass, shrub and trees and grass + fish-scale pits, to analyze the impact of vegetation restoration on near soil-surface characteristics and soil erosion. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to find the key indicators affecting soil erosion under forest. The findings revealed that, as opposed to the control plots (CK), there were significant alterations in the near soil-surface attribute following the application of SWCM. These changes were characterized by an increase in soil porosity, soil water content, soil nutrient content, root biomass, litter, and vegetation cover, and a decrease in soil compaction, disintegration coefficient, and bulk density, with the most significant improvement occurring in 0–10 cm soil layer. The SWCM significantly reduced soil erosion, with runoff and soil loss reduction ranging from 60.46 % to 74.09 % and 67.62 % to 79.99 %, respectively. Structural equation models revealed the influence of SWCM on soil erosion. Specifically, soil water content and litter had a favourable influence on reducing soil erosion, root biomass had a direct positive impact on soil erosion, and vegetation cover directly leads to a reduction in soil erosion. Soil physical properties primarily influenced soil erosion through their effect on vegetation cover. Combining bioengineering and vegetation measures is superior at enhancing soil structure, improving nutrient content, and decreasing soil erosion compared to single vegetation measures. It is recommended to combine bioengineering with vegetation strategies to effectively curb understory forest erosion and enhance soil quality in pine forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The allocation and erosive effects of on-wall flow on loess gully heads","authors":"Hongliang Kang ,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang ,&nbsp;Mingming Guo ,&nbsp;Yibao Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On-wall flow and jet flow converted from upstream flow at the gully brink play important but differential roles in gully head erosion. However, on-wall flow allocation at gully brinks and its erosive effects on vegetation-covered loess gully heads remain unclear. Simulated flow scouring experiments were conducted on grass-covered gully heads under different inflow rates (3.0–7.2 m³/h) and upstream slope gradients (1–7°) to investigate the on-wall flow proportion and relationships with the hydraulic parameters of upstream flow, as well as erosion and sediment yield characteristics. The results showed that the on-wall flow rates linearly increased with increasing inflow rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) but decreased as the slope gradient increased, whereas the jet flow rate increased as the inflow rate or slope gradient increased. The on-wall flow proportions ranged from 24.6 % to 58.7 % and decreased with increasing inflow rate or slope gradient, whereas the jet flow proportions exhibited the reverse trend. The on-wall and jet flow proportions had the most significant correlations with the Froude number, following a negative power function and positive logarithmic function (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), respectively. The breadth and depth of the scour hole that developed on the gully headwall increased linearly with the on-wall flow rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Jet flow had a limited effect of accumulation on scour hole development, with average increases of 13.5 % and 8.6 % in the breadth and depth, respectively. On-wall flow generally contributed 17.6 %–48.4 % of the sediment driven by on-wall and jet flows but played a dominant role under 1° upstream slope gradient and 3.6 m³/h inflow rate in which the contribution reached 64.9 %. On-wall flow might have dominated the runoff volume and played a dominant role in the sediment yield under low upstream slope gradients and inflow rates and was essentially responsible for scour hole development, which could destabilize and retreat the gully head.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution and geochemical background of quartzitic and ferruginous rupestrian field soils","authors":"Daniela Arcanjo Paiola Ferreira ,&nbsp;Mariangela Garcia Praça Leite ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga Messias ,&nbsp;Maria Augusta Gonçalves Fujaco ,&nbsp;Eduardo Duarte Marques ,&nbsp;Lucas Mardones Gaião ,&nbsp;Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent changes in Minas Gerais (Brazil) environmental legislation increased the threats caused by mining activities on the conservation of ferruginous rupestrian fields (FRF). The permission to compensate areas to be degraded by others with different vegetation, if there is “ecological equivalence”, now allows that quartzitic rupestrian fields (QRF) can be used to compensate the suppression of FRF. This work provides scientific basis for discussing this issue using soil data (one of the main determinants of vegetation structure and diversity) from the Iron Quadrangle (IQ), a unique region where QRF and FRF share the same geological evolution that defined two deformational domains. Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, P, Pb and Zn geochemical background values were calculated in the QRF and FRF soils throughout the entire IQ and separately in its domains. FRF soils have significantly higher Fe and P average concentrations and background values, at least twice as those found in QRF. In turn, QRF soils present higher Ba, Cu and K average concentrations, with background values one order of magnitude higher. The high standard deviation of background values of some elements reflects the great heterogeneity of each lithotype soil, leading to non-significant differences, as for Al (FRF=51,025 mg.kg⁻¹, QRF=18,100 mg.kg⁻¹). Geological evolution that created IQ domains seems to have exert a strong influence on the geochemistry of rupestrian fields (RF) soils, as first demonstrated in this study. In the western, Al, Ba, K, Mn, Pb and Zn average concentrations are significantly higher. FRF in mid-eastern IQ region stand out for the highest Ba, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. Considering differences observed between QRF and the FRF soils and the influence of edaphic parameters on the vegetation structure and species composition of RF, it becomes evident that these areas should not be automatically defined as ecological equivalents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use transformations in the Brazilian Savanna: A decade of soil erosion and runoff measurements","authors":"Dimaghi Schwamback ,&nbsp;Abderraman R. Amorim Brandão ,&nbsp;Lívia M.P. Rosalem ,&nbsp;Paulo T.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jamil A.A. Anache ,&nbsp;Edson Wendland ,&nbsp;Ronny Berndtsson ,&nbsp;Magnus Persson","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in land cover and land use (LULC) are one of the main drivers of erosion and runoff. How ever, most research has relied on short-term observations and only focused on one or two land cover types. We investigated the long-term trade-off between common agricultural land covers (sugarcane, pasture, and soybean), runoff, and soil loss rates. We compared these to native forest (wooded Cerrado) and bare soil. The field observations were done in 100 m² experimental plots in Brazil maintained during the past 10 years. The paper provides three main contributions: (1) long-term runoff and soil loss rates of plots under different LULCs, (2) comparison of runoff, soil loss, and pedological characteristics between plots constructed 10 years apart, and (3) analysis of the trade-off between different LULCs. When ranking land covers based on runoff and soil loss rates, there is a shift in ranking positions, making it difficult to determine which one is more environmentally harmful. However, it is evident that whatever agricultural practice is used, there is a significant impact when compared to native forest. For example, the area converted to pasture resulted in almost 20 times higher runoff, while conversion to sugarcane resulted in 5 times higher soil loss. Not only land cover plays a major influencing factor, but also weathering exposing time. Areas under the same land cover and environmental conditions had different rates of soil loss and runoff due to long-term exposure effects such as soil crusting. Our findings have high relevance for the hydrological and agricultural community by demonstrating (i) the magnitude of trade-off in terms of soil loss and runoff due to land cover changes and (ii) that soil loss should not be assumed to be a linear process over time, as it is commonly assumed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S034181622400609X/pdfft?md5=541e09fa23a35a76087f649f88f91824&pid=1-s2.0-S034181622400609X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}