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{"title":"Digital mapping of peat thickness and carbon stock of global peatlands","authors":"Marliana Tri Widyastuti ,&nbsp;Budiman Minasny ,&nbsp;José Padarian ,&nbsp;Federico Maggi ,&nbsp;Matt Aitkenhead ,&nbsp;Amélie Beucher ,&nbsp;John Connolly ,&nbsp;Dian Fiantis ,&nbsp;Darren Kidd ,&nbsp;Yuxin Ma ,&nbsp;Fraser Macfarlane ,&nbsp;Ciaran Robb ,&nbsp;Rudiyanto ,&nbsp;Budi I. Setiawan ,&nbsp;Muh Taufik","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peatlands, occupying merely 5% of the Earth’s land surface, are an important carbon sink, storing up to double the carbon of the world’s forests. The quantification of global peatlands carbon stock and their spatial distribution, however, poses a significant challenge due to their heterogeneous nature and the complex hydroecological processes that govern their formation. Using the Global Peatland Map (GPM 2.0), this study employed a digital soil mapping approach to predict peat thickness, and multilayer bulk density (BD) and carbon content (CC) globally. We applied the Quantile Random Forest (QRF) algorithm, informed by land surface data (soil, climate, organisms, and topography), to develop regional models for peat thickness and global models for BD and CC. Peat thickness models, based on approximately 27,000 data points, demonstrated good predictive performance, with the highest accuracy observed in African peatlands (validation R² = 0.61). In contrast, BD (∼19,000 points) and CC (∼9,000 points) models showed more variable performance across different soil layers (average R² = 0.45 and R² = 0.22, respectively). Feature importance analysis indicated that elevation and climate were key predictors, particularly in Latin America and South–Southeast Asia. Applying the models to 1 km resolution covariates across the world, our predicted peat thickness map aligned well with existing high-resolution regional maps. By incorporating error propagation rules, we estimated the global peatlands carbon stock to be 942 ± 312 Pg C over an area of 6.75 million km². Our results, including detailed maps, are available to facilitate further global peatland analyses and modelling endeavours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109243"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of weathering, iron oxides, and aluminous clays on organic carbon storage and stability in an extensive tropical river system","authors":"Md Hafijur Rahaman Khan ,&nbsp;Long Tan ,&nbsp;Jianguo Liu ,&nbsp;Ananna Rahman ,&nbsp;Yun Huang ,&nbsp;Shengfa Liu ,&nbsp;Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the factors controlling organic carbon (OC) dynamics in tropical river systems is essential for evaluating their role in global carbon cycling. This study explores how mineralogical composition, particularly aluminous clays and pedogenic iron oxides (Fe_d), influences OC storage and stability in the Ganges–Brahmaputra (G–B) river system within the Bengal Basin. The G-B river system transports substantial terrestrial organic matter (OM) into the Bay of Bengal, making it a key component of the global carbon cycle. The Brahmaputra River sediments are enriched with C₃ plant-derived OM, as indicated by lower δ¹³C values (−24.0 ‰) compared to those from the Ganges (−23.8 ‰ to − 22.4 ‰). A significant drop in OC content in the Indo-Gangetic Floodplain (0.27 % to 0.03 %), followed by an increase in the Bengal Basin (0.15 %), suggests partial oxidation of Himalayan OC, which is subsequently replaced by OC from floodplain sources during downstream transport. Clay content (3.7 ± 2.0 %) and Fe_d concentration (0.13 ± 0.07 %) in Ganges River sediments are significantly lower than those of the Brahmaputra (7 ± 2.3 % and 0.30 ± 0.07 %, respectively). Illite, a dominant clay mineral, exhibits a strong positive correlation with OC content, while smectite shows a negative correlation, likely due to its secondary formation, short interaction time with OM, and limited OC retention capacity. Fe_d significantly contributes to OC preservation through interacting with minerals, particularly in chemical-weathered regions. Regression analysis identifies Fe_d and illite as the most influential factors in OC storage, contributing 52 % and 48 %, respectively, while grain size shows a minor negative impact. The heavy fraction of OM, comprising over 90 % of total OC, underscores the importance of mineral-associated OC (OC_MA) in long-term storage. Enhanced chemical weathering in the Ganges floodplains destabilizes pre-formed OC_MA, reducing OC storage (∼25 %) and increasing CO₂ emissions. These findings highlight that floodplain weathering significantly influences OC fate during sediment transport, and position tropical river systems as significant CO₂ sources to the atmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depositional settings as an influencing factor on lipid biomarker distribution in pre-peloids from Serbia and Slovenia: initial step in determining the biotechnological potential","authors":"Aleksandra Šajnović ,&nbsp;Gorica Veselinović ,&nbsp;Nikola Burazer ,&nbsp;Gordana Gajica ,&nbsp;Sanja Stojadinović ,&nbsp;Polonca Trebše ,&nbsp;Branimir Jovančićević","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the biotechnological potential of pre-peloids begins with identifying beneficial metabolites derived from microorganisms or higher plant precursors, whose presence depends on environmental conditions during peloid formation. Therefore, this study examines the impact of distinct depositional settings on lipid biomarker distribution in the organic matter (OM) of pre-peloids from freshwater continental (Vrujci, VRU), saline continental (Rusanda, RUS; Ovča, OVC), and marine (Sečovlje, SEC) environments using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The OM of the VRU sample is rich in higher-plant-derived odd long-chain <em>n</em>-alkane members, esters of tetracosanoic and octacosanoic acids, C₂₉ regular sterane, retene, and aromatic triterpenoids with ursane or oleanane carbon skeleton. Mixed microalgae/bacteria and higher plant biomass comprise the OM of pre-peloids deposited under saline continental environment settings. A greater participation of microalgae/bacteria in the OM of OVC sample is inferred from the prevalence of short-chain <em>n</em>-C₁₇ alkane and the highest content of fatty acid esters, while bimodal distribution of <em>n</em>-alkanes, with prevalence of long-chain homologs <em>n</em>-C₂₇–<em>n</em>-C₃₃, short-chain C₂₁ and C₂₂ steranes, and C₂₇ regular sterane in the OM of RUS sample, are pointing to mixed microbial/higher plant biomass. The accumulation of short-chain even <em>n</em>-alkane homologs, C₂₈ ster-2-ene and C₂₉ ster-2-ene sterenes, along with C₂₇ hopene and diploptene, possessing (cyano)bacterial origin, dominate the OM of the SEC sample. All the above-mentioned compounds, recognized for possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities, may contribute to the final peloid product quality and applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the impacts of land use change and cover-management factors on soil erosion modelling studies?","authors":"Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała ,&nbsp;Piotr Demczuk ,&nbsp;Anna Bucała-Hrabia","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion is a major environmental problem with significant impacts on land degradation. This study’s main objective was to determine the effect of different cover-management factor (<em>C</em>-factor) values on soil erosion estimates with varying proportions of land use types. This effect was demonstrated in a mountain catchment, located in the Polish Carpathians, over two time periods (1977 and 2019), reflecting differing land use and land cover (LULC) influenced by political and socioeconomic changes, particularly after the collapse of communism. The LULC changes in the studied catchment, including an increase in forest area and a decrease in cultivated land, represent broader regional trends within the Carpathian Mountains. The Revised Universal Soil Erosion Equation was used to estimate soil erosion. The model was validated using 30 years of stationary measurements from experimental plots on Carpathian slopes. This study investigated four different <em>C</em>-factor variants, including values derived from previous remote sensing-based European studies and local long-term field data, to comprehensively assess their impact on soil erosion estimates. This study’s results show how the proportion of each LULC type changes the estimated soil erosion values at different <em>C</em>-factors. The average differences in soil erosion between the four <em>C</em>-factor variants were up to 41 % in 1977 and over 96 % in 2019. These contrasts are due to significant differences in the <em>C</em>-factor in all variants, especially for grassland, forests and cultivated land, the areas of which changed significantly over the studied period. The results of this comparison should be considered in soil erosion analyses and guide the selection of appropriate <em>C</em>-factor values, especially in areas where detailed data are unavailable. Overall, this analysis showed that <em>C</em>-factor selection is crucial for determining soil erosion values and that land use structure plays an important role in soil erosion dynamics and sustainable development. Based on this study’s results, specific recommendations for land use management and conservation strategies are proposed. To mitigate soil erosion, afforestation efforts should be prioritised on steeper slopes, while permanent grassland cover should be maintained in areas prone to surface runoff.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109240"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of magnetic enhancement and depletion of the loess from northern piedmont of Dabie Mountains, east-central China","authors":"Yan Han ,&nbsp;Guoyong Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Lyu ,&nbsp;Xiuming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loess from the northern piedmont of the Dabie Mountains is exceptional, with classical loess to the north (i.e. the Chinese Loess Plateau), the Quaternary red soils to the south, and the Xiashu loess to the east. However, the mechanisms underlying the magnetic variation (enhancement and depletion) are not sufficiently understood. In this study, a multi-methodological approach (magnetic, geochemical, colorimetric, granulometric, and citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD)) was applied to improve our understanding of these issues. The following findings are highlighted. (1) The magnetic properties were remarkably different between the three light yellowish-brown silts and other units in the Hudian section. Specifically, minor fine ferrimagnetic minerals and more goethite were found in all three units. (2) The magnetic enhancement had a pedogenic origin, as suggested by the magnetic and CBD measurements. Specifically, ∼90 % of the magnetic mineralogy is affected by magnetic enhancement and ∼ 10 % is of detrital origin. (3) The fact that the three units underwent strong soil development was inconsistent with the magnetic records. Based on our records, combined with evidence from previous studies, our findings show that fine maghemite produced by strong pedogenic development were transformed into weakly magnetic goethite under humid environmental conditions. Dissolution of ferrimagnetic minerals can also contribute to magnetic depletion; however, the effect is limited. In summary, the magnetic enhancement of the loess from the northern piedmont of the Dabie Mountains was first induced by the development of pedogenesis, and then decreased by the conversion of fine pedogenic maghemite into weakly magnetic goethite and by dissolution due to wet pedogenic conditions. This provides critical regional evidence for studying the spatial evolution of the magnetic characteristics of loess in the north-south transect of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109251"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent resilience and bimodal stability of herbaceous peatlands in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau over 600 years of climatic shifts","authors":"Chengyu Miao ,&nbsp;Hanxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Yijin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tibetan Plateau peatlands exhibit exceptional climate sensitivity. Climate serves as a primary driver of resilience dynamics and potential regime shifts. Critical knowledge gaps remain regrading in peatlands historical resilience trajectories and climate triggered potential threshold of tipping points. By analyzing palaeoecological records spanning approximately six-century period, we reconstruct the temporal dynamics of diatom assemblages and plant communities succession in the representative herbaceous peatland ecosystems from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The Wulongbu peatland initiated at approximately 498 cal yr BP due to the increasing temperature and precipitation, its autogenic process was disrupted by continuous precipitation enhancement subsequently, coupled with the valley terrain led more runoff which maintained the water table and nutrient conditions, keeping it in fen stage. Until around 60 cal yr BP, peat accumulation exceeded the threshold, runoff was no longer as the main water source, ultimately shifted into bog stage. The early warning signals based on palaeoecological records in peatlands exhibit a non-monotonic fluctuation pattern, reflecting the persistent resilience and bimodal stability of the peatland development which highlights the robustness of peatlands under climate change, with both Wulongbu and Nancuo peatlands maintaining their integrity and avoiding collapse. This resilience was further modulated by the interplay between autogenic process (like organic matter accumulation) and allogenic factors (like increased humidity). Our study offers important insights for understanding how high-altitude peatlands around the world respond resiliently to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109245"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifts in the vegetation and microbial conditions accelerate soil organic carbon accumulation over a 65-year desert revegetation chronosequence","authors":"Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Niu ,&nbsp;Yongli Wang ,&nbsp;Zhifu Wei ,&nbsp;Gen Wang ,&nbsp;Xueyun Ma ,&nbsp;Xinrong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revegetation in drylands is not only an effective strategy for curbing and reversing land desertification but also an effective approach to mitigating global climate change due to its significant organic carbon (OC) sequestration potential. Despite considerable progress in enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) through revegetation, the long-term stability of carbon storage in drylands and the mechanisms underlying OC stabilization remain unclear. Here, we used a 65-year revegetation chronosequence in the Tengger Desert and applied sequential chemical extraction to separate SOC into functionally distinct OC fractions. SOC content increased from 0.63 g/kg at 11 years to 7.9 g/kg at 65 years, with a marked acceleration after 34 years. This 34-year threshold was identified by segmented function and signals a shift in both accumulation rate and carbon fraction composition. Extractable OC fractions (e.g., weakly adsorbed OC, metal–OC complexes, carbonate–OC, Fe-oxyhydroxide-OC–OC) rose sharply from 1.8 g/kg at 34 years to 3.9 g/kg at 48 years, then plateaued. In contrast, residual OC increased steadily from 0.6 g/kg to 5.9 g/kg between 34 and 65 years, becoming dominant. The relative contribution of extractable OC to SOC declined from 84 % to 47 %, while residual OC increased from 16 % to 53 %. Microbial biomass (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs) and community composition (fungi-to-bacteria ratio) were strongly associated with extractable OC fractions. In contrast, residual OC was primarily influenced by plant attributes (herb cover, litter biomass) and biocrust cover. These findings indicate that distinct biotic and abiotic factors regulate different OC fractions, leading to divergent responses under long-term revegetation. Overall, long-term revegetation in drylands accelerates SOC accumulation and promotes the formation of more stable carbon pools, contributing to enhanced soil resilience and climate change mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109248"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying mechanism of the great thickness of granite weathering crust: Reduction of ridge erosion via coarse quartz particles","authors":"Yishan Liao ,&nbsp;Dingqiang Li ,&nbsp;Zaijian Yuan ,&nbsp;Mingguo Zheng ,&nbsp;Bin Huang ,&nbsp;Quanquan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenyue Xie ,&nbsp;Wanlu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deep weathering crust of granite is widely distributed globally, and its elevation and thickness are directly affected by ridge erosion, the extent of which is not well understood. In this study, the behaviors, including the enrichment coefficient, content, of coarse quartz particles on the surfaces of typical granitic weathering crusts in Wuhua County and Meixian County (Guangdong Province, China) were investigated. Coarse quartz particles (&gt;5 mm) were selected based on the enrichment factor for conducting splash erosion and weathering experiments. The rates of splash erosion and weathering for these particles were quantified under natural conditions. Moreover, a model was established to estimate splash erosion on ridge. Specifically, quartz particles with sizes of &gt; 5 mm were found to have the smallest splash erosion amount and the largest enrichment coefficient. Thus, these particles were used for the estimation of the splash erosion of ridges. Model calculations revealed recent average annual erosion thicknesses of 1.57 mm and 1.31 mm on ridges enriched with coarse quartz particles in Wuhua and Meixian Counties, respectively, whereas a greater value of 5.56 mm was estimated on ridges without coarse quartz particles but with the plant age and root exposure height conditions. Moreover, in the Pinus massoniana forest in Wuhua County, the erosion intensity value of the ridges without the coarse quartz particles is calculated to be 7.62 times greater than that of the ridges with coarse quartz particles (0.73 mm). These results indicated that coarse quartz particles could effectively reduce the erosion of the weathering crust and form a deep granite weathering crust. These results could enhance the understanding of the stability of deep granite weathering crusts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-Holocene hydroclimatic changes drove Neolithic agricultural development in the Luoyang Basin of the Central Plains, China","authors":"Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture has historically served as both the economic foundation of societal development and a crucial link between climate change and human activity. Examining the relationship between agriculture and climate change can provide insights into the causes of past social upheavals. The Luoyang Basin of the Central Plains, China, is recognized as one of the cradles of Chinese civilization, yet the connection between local Neolithic agricultural practices and climate change remains uncertain. This study uses pollen data as indicators of hydroclimatic changes and agricultural activities to investigate their relationship during ca. 8000–3890 yr BP. The pollen content of trees and aquatic plants reveals three distinct phases of increased regional precipitation and corresponding wetland expansion: ca. 7400–6550, ca. 5650–5050 and ca. 4350–3950 yr BP. Notably, the late two distinct phases of heightened agricultural intensity, as indicated by cereal Poaceae content, followed these wetland expansion with slight lags. This suggests that newly exposed land following lake shrinkage is suitable for cultivation. During the period of ca. 7400–6550 yr BP, the small number of settlements and the predominance of hunting and gathering as human subsistence strategy, resulted in only a modest increase in agricultural intensity during the first high-precipitation interval. After ca. 6000 yr BP, as agriculture became the dominant subsistence strategy, high precipitation and ensuing wetland expansion facilitated agricultural development, as evidenced by marked increases in cereal Poaceae content during ca. 5450–4900 and ca. 4250–3950 yr BP. These two phases of high agricultural intensity contributed to local settlement number increase and population growth, laying the foundation for two major Neolithic cultural booms in the Luoyang Basin during the late Yangshao culture period (ca. 5500–4900 yr BP) and the late Longshan culture period (ca. 4300–3800 yr BP).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109241"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of GeoWEPP to a cabbage monocropping region: developing agricultural strategies to mitigate water erosion under short-duration intense rainfall","authors":"Hiroyuki Yamada ,&nbsp;Takuhei Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Kanuma ,&nbsp;Taku Nishimura","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing frequency of short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events has heightened the importance of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in agricultural watersheds. Evaluating watershed erosion and the effectiveness of SWC practices at a daily rather than an annual temporal scale is increasingly required. However, scenario studies involving the application of models and the quantitative assessment of SWC measures at a daily time step, considering a continuous crop system, remain limited. This study applied the Geo-spatial interface for the Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) to a small mountainous watershed characterized by monoculture cabbage farming to evaluate sediment yield under intense rainfall and examine effective SWC strategies. River discharge and sediment yield were monitored for about three years to investigate runoff characteristics. Based on the monitoring results, GeoWEPP was calibrated on a daily scale. Using the calibrated model, we simulated the impact of SWC measures—such as cover crop introduction and cropping schedule changes—on sediment yield. The results revealed that a few significant runoff events accounted for 60–72% of the annual sediment yield. A significant positive correlation was found between sediment yield and the product of peak flow and daily runoff. The calibrated model demonstrated high prediction accuracy. Simulations of cover crop effects showed substantial reductions in sediment yield, which were attributed not only to surface coverage but also to improved soil permeability that led to reduced surface runoff. Uncertainties mainly arose from uncalibrated peak flow estimation and sediment concentration extrapolation using the LQ equation during extreme events. Also, modeling limitations included the assumption of homogeneous soil conditions across the watershed and default crop growth parameters without local calibration. Despite uncertainties to be addressed, this study demonstrates that GeoWEPP can be an effective and practical predictive tool for evaluating soil conservation measures in agricultural watersheds facing increasingly frequent short-duration intense rainfall events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 109242"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}