Catena最新文献

{"title":"Precipitation events and long-term nitrogen addition synergistically stimulate heterotrophic respiration in a semi-arid meadow steppe","authors":"Tianhang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Rui He ,&nbsp;Junqin Li ,&nbsp;Wenzheng Song ,&nbsp;Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Baoku Shi ,&nbsp;Weifeng Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Variation in precipitation event size and nitrogen deposition are important global change factors, which have the potential to affect soil respiration and its components, especially in water- and nitrogen-limited semi-arid ecosystems. However, interactive effects of precipitation events and nitrogen input on soil respiration and its components remain largely unknown. We conducted a mesocosm simulation experiment to examine responses of soil respiration and its components, heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration, to changes in precipitation event size (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mm; July 2020) and long-term nitrogen addition (0 and 10 g m⁻² yr⁻¹; since 2011). The precipitation events triggered the pulsing release of soil respiration and its components, but heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration had different response thresholds, response times, and flux magnitude. The precipitation events significantly stimulated the cumulative soil respiration and its components, among which the cumulative soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration increased quadratically, and the cumulative autotrophic respiration increased linearly, with the increase in precipitation event size. The nitrogen addition suppressed the rates of soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration before the precipitation events but improved the net increment of cumulative soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration after the precipitation events. The precipitation events and long-term nitrogen addition synergistically stimulated the cumulative soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration but had no synergistic effect on the cumulative autotrophic respiration. Precipitation events and nitrogen addition increased soil moisture and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, enhancing microbial biomass and activity, which in turn drove cumulative soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, and by increasing plant biomass, promoted cumulative autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results highlight the importance of the interactive effects of precipitation events and long-term nitrogen addition on soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration, suggesting that such interactions should be considered to accurately assess and predict carbon budget in future global change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of vanadium in the pedosphere of China and its natural and anthropogenic influencing factors","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xueqiu Wang ,&nbsp;Bimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Hanliang Liu ,&nbsp;Lanshi Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium (V) is a strategic element in high demand in the industrial and pharmaceutical sectors. However, anthropogenic activities, including mineral exploration and industrial emissions, increase the risk of V contamination in soils. Consequently, research on V in the fields of mineral exploration and environmental pollution has garnered increasing attention. The China Geochemical Baseline (CGB) Project has conducted the first comprehensive collection and analysis of 12,201 rock samples, 3,382 top soil samples, and 3,380 deep soil samples in mainland China and the data was analysed in this study. High V concentrations occurred in soils in southern and northern China, and that V concentration were scattered in northern China. The concentration of V in soils was influenced by several natural factors, including tectonic activity, the distribution of intermediate–basic rocks (especially basalts) and black rock series; the distribution of laterites, and the occurrence of V deposits. Additionally, certain regions with high V concentrations were impacted by anthropogenic factors, primarily mining and smelting. This study, utilizing fundamental comparative data offered by the CGB Project, presents a comprehensive investigation of the spatial distribution characteristics of V, its migration, and enrichment mechanisms on a regional scale and also provides essential geochemical information on the detailed distribution of V in the pedosphere and rocks of mainland China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon balance model of groundwater-lake systems in arid and semi-arid areas and its application","authors":"Lu Li ,&nbsp;Shaogang Dong ,&nbsp;Yaxin Ji ,&nbsp;Xuchao Zang ,&nbsp;Xuemin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of carbon-related hydrogeochemical processes occurring during groundwater runoff and recharge to the lake significantly impact the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, the migration and transformation of carbon in a complete groundwater-lake system has been reported rarely. In this paper, the Daihai Basin in Inner Mongolia was taken as an example and carbon balance equation of the groundwater-lake system was constructed by using the principle of mass conservation and hydrogeochemical simulation, thereby analyzing the migration and transformation mechanism of DIC in the process of groundwater runoff and recharge to the lake. The results showed that the increment of DIC in groundwater-lake system triggered by groundwater runoff and recharge to the lake in Daihai Basin was 4264.87 t/a (8.53 g/(m².a)), and the net carbon fixed from the soil and the atmosphere (as CO₂) was 5850.24 t/a (11.70 g/(m².a)). Specifically, the carbon absorbed from the soil during the recharge of atmospheric precipitation to groundwater via the vadose zone was 5607.65 t/a (12.41 g/(m².a)); the carbon absorbed from soil (or atmosphere) by water–rock interaction during groundwater runoff (as CO₂) was 529.55 t/a (1.17 g/(m².a)); the carbon absorbed from the atmosphere during the mixing process between groundwater and Daihai was 179.62 t/a (3.78 g/(m².a)); the carbon emitted to the atmosphere due to pressure changes during artificial exploitation of groundwater was 466.58 t/a (1.03 g/(m². a)). The CO₂ of the vadose zone is the main carbon source of groundwater, and the conversion of carbonate to bicarbonate during the mixing process between groundwater and lake contributes to the lake’s carbon sink function. The groundwater-lake system in arid and semi-arid areas has considerable carbon sequestration capacity and is an important carbon sink for terrestrial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground-truthing of a data driven landform map in southwest Australia","authors":"Anicia Henne ,&nbsp;Ryan Noble ,&nbsp;Dave Cole ,&nbsp;Selina Hutcheon ,&nbsp;Ian C Lau ,&nbsp;Fang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A variety of data driven, mostly supervised, machine learning approaches have been used to model landforms in soil and regolith sciences, commonly with a claim of enhanced objectivity of the resulting map. These models regularly rely on soil sample measurements or existing human derived mapping products to train or retrospectively validate a model. Case studies of unsupervised machine learning approaches are less common, and input data as well as clustering algorithms vary widely. In this study, a relatively simple, unsupervised machine learning approach was used to create a proxy landform map from partially independent, remotely-sensed data (digital elevation model, radiometric U, Th and K, Sentinel-2 derived band ratios, and Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness). This machine learning workflow was developed for general, first-pass landform mapping in remote areas, where access is limited, to provide tools for mineral exploration. The workflow was designed for the Australian continent and previously applied to over 40 sites. However, given that the models were not trained or retrospectively validated with objective observations, the question arises whether the units identified represent meaningful differences in soil and landform properties. To answer this question, conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling was used to identify sampling locations that capture the variability of properties of eight landform clusters produced from a machine learning workflow in the Mundaring State Forest, Western Australia. Soil cores (30 cm depth) were sampled at these 40 sites, and we combine portable X-ray fluorescence, visible near-infrared to shortwave infrared analyses, soil pH and field observations to identify differences between the modelled landform types, and how the soil physico-chemical and mineralogical properties relate to the model’s input feature layers. Our investigations show that the model produced largely contiguous landform units with distinctive differences that were reflected in measurable averages of geochemical and mineralogical soil properties. As such, highest Si concentrations correlated with sandy channel materials while Mn and Fe concentrations were highest in ferruginous duricrust, and white mica and chlorite group minerals were identified in shallow residual soils developed from granitic parent material. These results correlate well with the model input features and align with a general conceptual understanding of soil-landscape and regolith landform formation, and with existing soil and regolith maps. However, some inconsistencies were observed in the landform unit clusters, likely capturing the heterogeneity of the landform/soil and this provides an understanding of the limitations of categorical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mowing in place of conventional grazing increased soil organic carbon stability and altered depth-dependent protection mechanisms","authors":"Bin Wei ,&nbsp;Yuqi Wei ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Tongtian Guo ,&nbsp;Ruihuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional grazing with high grazing pressure can decrease soil organic carbon (SOC) stability by disrupting its protective mechanisms, eliciting soil depth-dependent responses. Grazing exclusion for hay-making by mowing is usually adopted to restore grassland. However, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation of SOC stability and its impact factors in different soil layers when mowing replaces conventional grazing. Here, based on an investigation of 15 paired sites from mowing vs. conventional grazing in a temperate grassland of northeast China, we found that mowing increased mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD, 5.14 %), Fe/Al associated organic carbon (Fe/Al-OC, 12.20 %), and SOC stability (11.46 %) at topmost soil layer (0–10 cm) but only increased MWD (8.50 %) at subsurface soil (10–30 cm). Mowing increased root biomass of plant variables, soil bulk density and pH of soil properties, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of microbial properties at the topmost layer, collectively contributing to SOC protection. However, the reduction in soil nitrate nitrogen and increasing MBC induced by mowing drove the subsurface SOC protection. The protection mechanism for SOC stability shifted from a single physical protection dominance in mowing areas to joint physical and mineral protection in conventional grazing grasslands at the topmost depth. In contrast, subsurface SOC stability was consistently governed by mineral protection regardless of grazing. Our results imply that although grassland ecosystems can initiate more protection mechanisms to cope with disturbances, mowing induced the increase of physical and mineral protection resulting from the substantial promotion in plant C input quantity and microbial biomass, combined with alteration in soil properties, finally stabilized topmost SOC. The limited impact of management practices on the subsurface SOC stability indicates that the interaction of subsurface soil and microbial properties with SOC protection should be fully considered to forecast soil C dynamics and its resistance to disturbance accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108629"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing weakens the carbon sequestration capacity of dry temperate grassland ecosystems in Central Asia","authors":"Yuangang Wang ,&nbsp;Geping Luo ,&nbsp;Chaofan Li ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenglong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Yu ,&nbsp;Binbin Fan ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingjuan Xie ,&nbsp;Yujia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of grazing on carbon (C) stocks in grasslands is significant and is influenced by grazing management practices and abiotic conditions, both of which are spatially heterogeneous. Here, we used highly-precision meteorological and grassland management data with an improved ecological model (Biome-BGCMuSo) to assess the effects of grazing on C dynamics in dry temperate grasslands in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Our findings indicate that grasslands in Xinjiang acted as a weak net C sink (0.45 kg C m⁻²) between 1975 and 2020, mainly due to elevated CO₂ concentrations. Mean annual gross primary productivity, net ecosystem production, soil organic carbon (SOC), and vegetation carbon (VegC) were 0.87 kg C m⁻² yr⁻¹, 27.72 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, 9.14 kg C m⁻², and 0.28 kg C m⁻², respectively. Further investigation revealed that the increase in grazing intensity from 0.42 head ha⁻¹ to 0.73 head ha⁻¹ reduced the C sequestration capacity of grasslands from 0.53 kg C m⁻² to 0.45 kg C m⁻² over the study period under climate change. Most of this reduction resulted from SOC loss, which accounted for 78.07 % of total net C loss (42.46 Tg C in SOC and VegC combined). The magnitude of C loss was positively correlated with grazing intensity. However, environmental factors that promote productivity may mitigate the adverse effects of grazing. Therefore, strategies to protect grassland ecosystems are urgently needed and should extend beyond merely reducing grazing intensity to address the competing priorities of food security and atmospheric CO₂ mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108608"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in soil organic carbon after slope cropland changed into terrace in southwest China","authors":"Zhouyao He ,&nbsp;Shuqin He ,&nbsp;Zicheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yi ,&nbsp;Shuangfeng Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important soil and water conservation engineering measure in mountainous and hilly areas, the carbon pool management strategy of terraces is of great significance for maintaining food security and mitigating global warming. However, little is known about its carbon sequestration potential and mechanism. Employing space–for–time substitution, this study investigated the change characteristics of soil organic carbon pool accumulation and distribution after the transition from slope cropland to terrace, as well as the potential for soil carbon sequestration in terraces with different land use patterns (rainfed cropland (CL) and orchard (OR)) across various ages (3–, 6–, 9–, 13–, and 20–year–old) in the Sichuan Basin. During the past 20 years, the SOC, density (SOCD), labile organic carbon (LOC), inert carbon (IOC) and carbon pool management index (CPMI) of the terrace all exhibited an initial decline followed by an increase, generally peaking at 13–year–old before gradually decreasing. Notably, the ages of terrace and its interaction with land use patterns were the main factors affecting the change of organic carbon components (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). BD was a significant negative correlation with SOC accumulation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while TP and C/N were a significant positive correlation with SOC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with slope cropland, terrace increased soil carbon sequestration mainly by promoting the accumulation of free particulate organic carbon (fPOC), occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC) and mineral bonded organic carbon (mSOC) (increased by 46.48 %, 96.87 % and 3.93 %, respectively). Compared with OR, CL had higher carbon pool management potential. In conclusion, terraces, especially rainfed cropland terraces, have advantages in carbon increase and sequestration, and will become a potential carbon “sink” under scientific management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain size and shape analysis of recent and paleo sediments along Poyang Lake with insight into its environmental significance","authors":"Fangen Hu ,&nbsp;Xia Xiao ,&nbsp;Qingbin Fan ,&nbsp;Lupeng Yu ,&nbsp;Yun Xu ,&nbsp;Yangwei Feng ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Mengyao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain shape is a crucial sedimentological attribute commonly employed for reconstructing depositional environments and transport history. The new dynamic image analysis (DIA) techniques enable testing a large number of individual mineral grains simultaneously and overcomes many shortcomings of traditional visual evaluation. However, there is a relative dearth of comprehensive analysis on large quantities of sediments in recent and geological period to accurately document their grain shape properties and further evaluate their applicability in distinguishing sedimentary setting and its environmental significance. In this study, we measured the grain shape and size of 77 samples collected from modern surface sand (28 beach sand and 17 dune sand samples) and stratigraphic sediment (16 paleo-dunes sand and 16 paleo-lacustrine sand samples) along the Poyang Lake in southeastern China using the DIA method, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was used to constrain the age of stratigraphic sediments from two sand hill sections. Also 217 published grain shape data from various sedimentary environments (coastal beach, desert dune and fluvial sand) were compiled as comprehensively assess the applicability of grain shape discrimination for sedimentary setting. Our results show the significant difference on grain shape feature among fluvial, coastal beach and dune sand. Dune sand exhibit the highest values for circularity (Ci), symmetry (Sy), aspect ratio (AR), and convexity (Cx), while fluvial sand displays high Ci, Sy, Cx value, and lowest AR value. This indicate that the grain shape can be a powerful tool for discriminating sedimentary setting. Principal component analysis shows that circularity and aspect ratio effectively describe the shape of the analyzed sediment and are decisive indicators for identification depositional environments, whereas the convexity has limited sensitivity in distinguishing grain edge roundness. The paleo-lacustrine sand (PLS) intercalated within the sand hill profiles returns OSL age of age of ∼ 26.5 ± 1.4 ka, which indicate the emergence of interdune lake rather than high lake level of Poyang Lake. PLS and modern beach sand (BS) exhibiting identical grain shape characteristics to those of modern aeolian dune sand (DS) suggested the occurrence of aeolian-fluvial interaction processes in our study area during the Last Glacial Maximum and present day. The paleo-dune sand (PDS) samples, yielding OSL age of 1.2 ± 0.1 ka, are characterized by higher Ci, Sy, and AR, indicating strong aeolian activity and dune reworking during the past two millennia along the Poyang Lake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108588"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced ephemeral gully mapping through multi-classifier integration and spectral feature analysis","authors":"Solmaz Fathololoumi,&nbsp;Hiteshkumar B. Vasava,&nbsp;Daniel Saurette,&nbsp;Prasad Daggupati,&nbsp;Asim Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mapping of ephemeral gullies (EGs) is essential for improving and managing agriculture, but it poses challenges in terms of their identification, monitoring, and measurement. The primary objective of this study was to devise a novel approach that integrates multiple classifiers to map EGs. This was achieved by utilizing spectral features extracted from Pleiades-1 satellite imagery of the Niagara region in Canada, as a case study site, alongside a ground dataset collected during field visits, to train and validate the classifiers. Initially, maps were generated with spectral features deemed effective for EG identification, encompassing four spectral bands and eight spectral indices that reveal surface characteristics. Subsequently, four distinct classifiers, namely artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), were employed to produce EG maps. In the third phase, the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory was employed to amalgamate the results from all classifiers, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the EGs map. Lastly, the performance of the various classifiers was evaluated using diverse metrics, including user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, prediction rate, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The most influential variables in identifying EGs were determined to be Norm NIR (18%), Soil line (15%), NDVI (12%), and NDWI (10%). The average producer (user) accuracy for EGs and non-EGs classes across all four classifiers was 0.53 (0.67) and 0.97 (0.95), respectively. Incorporating the D-S theory improved these accuracy values to 0.68 (0.86) for EGs and 0.99 (0.97) for non-EGs. Furthermore, the overall accuracy (prediction rate) for EGs mapping, based on ANN, LR, SVM, RF classifiers, and D-S, was 0.94 (8.2), 0.94 (9.7), 0.93 (7.7), 0.95 (10.1), and 0.97 (12.5), respectively. ROC analysis revealed that the D-S classifier exhibited the highest accuracy in EG identification, while LR performed the least effectively. In summary, this research underscores that the proposed ensemble modeling approach for mapping EGs surpasses traditional classifiers in meeting accuracy criteria, showcasing its promising potential for guiding future informed decision-making processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108590"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors governing crusting formation in soils in Southern Mali, West Africa: Evaluation of susceptibility indices","authors":"Paul Andres Jimenez Jimenez ,&nbsp;Eduardo Medeiros de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Beatriz Macêdo Medeiros ,&nbsp;Edinei José Armani Borghi ,&nbsp;Yuri Lopes Zinn ,&nbsp;Junior Cesar Avanzi ,&nbsp;Alberto Vasconcellos Inda ,&nbsp;Marcelo Ângelo Cirillo ,&nbsp;João José Marques ,&nbsp;Adama Cisse ,&nbsp;Moro Diakite ,&nbsp;Nilton Curi ,&nbsp;Marx Leandro Naves Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Southern Mali and neighboring semi-arid Sahel regions, soil crusting and sealing are common and significant phenomena for people who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. These processes form hard, impermeable layers on the soil surface, reducing water infiltration, increasing runoff and erosion, and hindering germination, seedling emergence, and productivity. Factors such as rainfall intensity, topography, soil attributes, and poor management practices contribute to these phenomena. Here, we aimed to analyze soil attributes affecting crust formation and evaluate them using indicators like the structural stability index (StI), particle separability index (PSI), and crusting susceptibility index (CSI). Soils samples from agricultural and native areas in Southern Mali were analyzed for physical, chemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological attributes. Results revealed that the soils in these regions have high silt and fine sand content and low organic carbon content. Poor soil management, leading to prolonged periods of bare soils, significantly contributes to crusting. Kaolinitic clays, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents did not appear to affect crusting. The PSI revealed a high risk of aggregate disruption in both agricultural and native lands, demonstrating soil vulnerability to degradation. The StI showed limited risk of structural degradation in native lands, while agricultural soils were more susceptible to crusting. The CSI indicated moderate crusting susceptibility across the regions. By examining the three indices related to texture attributes and organic carbon, this study provides insights into estimating susceptibility to crusting through the evaluation of the risk of soil structural degradation, particle separation, and overall soil susceptibility to surface crusting, all of which underscore the need for improved soil attributes. It emphasizes the importance of implementing effective soil management strategies, particularly the adoption of cover crops, to enhance organic carbon content and increase vegetation cover. These measures are essential for improving soil health and minimizing the risk of crusting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 108581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}