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{"title":"Decadal effects of checkerboard barriers of Salix psammophila on soil grain size distribution and erodibility","authors":"Haonian Li ,&nbsp;Luying Shao ,&nbsp;Ruibing Meng ,&nbsp;Zhongju Meng ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, checkerboard barriers of <em>Salix psammophila</em> play a key role in ecological restoration. However, the effects of different ages of checkerboard barriers on soil particle size distribution characteristics and soil erosion resistance are not known. For this study, sand dunes with checkerboard barriers of <em>S. psammophila</em> were selected as the study population, and mobile dunes prior to checkerboard barriers of <em>S. psammophila</em> were used as unconstructed sample plots (CK). We collected soil from the top, middle, and bottom in 0–2 cm soil layers of the dunes unconstruct and under one year (1a), six years (6a), and decade years (10a) of checkerboard barriers of <em>S. psammophila</em>, respectively. We used multiple fractal theory and erodibility K value to reveal the characteristics of soil grain size distribution and erodibility by checkerboard barriers of <em>S. psammophila</em> and elucidated their main influencing factors. Compared with CK, the construct checkerboard barriers of <em>S. psammophila</em> significantly increased soil nutrients and fine particle content with increasing age. In addition, checkerboard barriers altered the distribution patterns of soil nutrients and particle size in different parts of the dunes, with nutrients and fine particles mainly concentrated at the bottom of the dunes. Checkerboard barriers of <em>S. psammophila</em> reduced the width of the soil particle size distribution relative to CK at 1a of construction, but they incresed the dispersion and homogeneity of the soil particle size distribution as the number of years of construction increased. The soil erodibility K values were found to be between 0.087–0.101, 0.083–0.090, 0.068–0.075, and 0.066–0.069 for CK, 1a, 6a, and 10a, respectively. A random forest model identified soil nutrients, grain size composition, multifractal parameters (D1 and D1/D0), and vegetation characteristics as the key factors influencing K values (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, R² = 0.902).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoenvironmental reconstitution of a coastal tropical peatland and its relationship with the Holocene sea level variation (SE Brazil)","authors":"André Luiz Miranda Reis ,&nbsp;Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz ,&nbsp;Ingrid Horák-Terra ,&nbsp;Alexandre Christófaro Silva ,&nbsp;Plínio Barbosa de Camargo ,&nbsp;Pablo Vidal-Torrado","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peatland Histosols, due to their association with autochthonous, water-saturated environments, provide ideal conditions for preserving pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs, serving as records of paleoenvironmental changes. The vegetation and environmental dynamics of a peatland during the Middle Holocene were reconstructed through the analysis of microfossils from a 502 cm deep Histosol profile, collected in the Parque Estadual da Campina do Encantado (Campina do Encantado State Park) (PECE), on the southern coast of São Paulo, Brazil. The palynological analysis was supported by stratigraphy, elemental and isotopic geochemistry (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N), radiocarbon dating, and multivariate statistics. Four environmental change zones were characterized over the last 7,886 cal years BP. The first stage (7,886–5,657 cal years BP) showed a high concentration of diatoms and other marine elements, indicating seawater influence and the formation of an estuarine-lagoon environment, where vegetation was submerged by paleolagoon sediments, corroborating a Holocene Marine Transgression event. The second stage (5,657–3,771 cal years BP) marked the maximum rise of relative sea level (RSL), with the highest concentration of marine diatoms, as well as freshwater algae and brackish water diatoms, revealing a mixohaline environment and the persistence of the estuarine-lagoon system. By the end of this stage, marine diatoms disappeared, suggesting the paleolagoon’s disconnection from the sea. The third stage (3,771–2,247 cal years BP) was marked by the transformation of the paleolagoon into a freshwater lagoon, its sedimentation, and the establishment of arboreal vegetation in a water-saturated environment, where organic matter deposition led to the paludification process and the formation of peatland (Permanently Flooded Restinga Forest). The final stage (2,247 cal years BP − present) saw a decrease in herb pollen and an increase in tree and shrub pollen, with taxa indicating the presence of Periodically Flooded Restinga Forest, the most representative vegetation physiognomy today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming slope cropland into terraced cropland to enhance the retention of labile SOC fractions by aggregates in southwestern China","authors":"Zhouyao He ,&nbsp;Shuqin He ,&nbsp;Zicheng Zheng ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yi ,&nbsp;Ziteng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving agricultural carbon sinks is an important approach to mitigating climate change and ensuring grain security. The converting of slope cropland into terraced cropland is an effective measure to promote the development of agriculture in mountainous areas. Studying the potential and mechanism of carbon sequestration of terraces assists land management strategies to address climate change. Therefore, we analyzed variations in labile SOC fractions accumulation and distribution in 132 soil aggregate samples from 3, 6, 9, 13, and 20 years of terrace development (rainfed cropland (CL) and orchard (OR)) and slope cropland in the Sichuan Basin. We observed that the contribution rate of SOC fraction to SOC was the highest in aggregates with &gt;2 mm (0.6 %–28.2 %). Over 20 years, the SOC and labile SOC fractions of terraces initially decreased, then increased, and finally gradually declined. Compared with slope cropland, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the aggregates of terraces increased by 1.5 %, 2.3 % and 28. 8 %. Compared with OR, CL promotes the content of SOC, EOC, DOC and MBC in aggregates, increased by 6.1 %, 3.6 %, 3.6 %, and 28.6 %, respectively. Age, aggregate stability, and the interaction between age and land use patterns were the main factors for SOC accumulation. Path analysis indicated that both soil physical properties and aggregate stability have significant influences on SOC accumulation, with total effects of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively, whereas temperature and precipitation reduced sequestration (total effect = −0.2). Therefore, terracing promotes the physical protection of labile SOC fractions by aggregates, and contributes to the improvement of the agricultural carbon sink.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced spatiotemporal prediction of rainfall erosivity through flood season data integration","authors":"Fei Qi ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Luyue Xu ,&nbsp;Xia Liu ,&nbsp;Chunqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaofei Fan ,&nbsp;Jiayu Guo ,&nbsp;Xing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall data collected from the flood-season rainfall stations could be used to improve the prediction accuracy and spatiotemporal variability of the rainfall erosivity (R-factor) in addition to the data from the annual rainfall stations. This study used the 1980–2018 daily rainfall data of 71 annual rainfall stations and 19 flood-season rainfall stations to construct a flood-season model and analyze spatiotemporal patterns of the R-factor in the Yimeng Mountain Area. Results show that the R-factor has a high monthly centrality with a Fournier Index of 399.88 and a Concentration Index of 0.24, mainly concentrated in the flood season (accounting for 85.92 %), during the year with unimodal distribution. A suitable rainfall model for the flood season is constructed (r² = 0.96, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 126.61 MJ·mm·ha⁻¹·h⁻¹·a^-1) based on daily rainfall data, with a similar spatial distribution to the daily rainfall model. Including flood-season stations improved the spatial prediction of the R-factor，reducing the Average Error by 64.76 % and the Root Mean Square Error reduced by 8 %. The average annual R-factor in the study area is 3652 MJ·mm·ha⁻¹·h⁻¹·a^-1, showing a trend of low in the north and west, and high in the south and east. The overall R-factor shows an insignificant upward trend from 1980 to 2018, with a significant upward trend in the northwest and southwest (z &gt; 1.65). Therefore, by developing a rainfall erosivity calculation model based on flood season rainfall data, it is feasible to increase the number of rainfall stations, and enhance the spatial prediction accuracy of the R-factor’s temporal and spatial variations. Concurrently, it’s essential to implement more robust measures to cope with the soil erosion risks caused by the changed R-factor under the climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic interactions between hummock formation and microtopography in wetlands modulate soil seed bank dynamics via biotic-abiotic coupling","authors":"Mingye Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuchen Liu ,&nbsp;Shouzheng Tong ,&nbsp;Yu An ,&nbsp;Ming Jiang ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Guodong Wang ,&nbsp;Geng Cui ,&nbsp;Dongjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil seed bank (SSB) is a vital component of plant biodiversity and serves as a crucial, yet often overlooked, resource for the near-natural restoration of degraded wetland ecosystems. <em>Carex</em> hummocks are common and distinctive features of these ecosystems. Environmental heterogeneity resulting from hummock formation and microtopography plays a significant role in maintaining and enhancing the biodiversity of plants. Although linear positive correlations between environmental heterogeneity and aboveground plant communities (APCs) have been widely documented, the mechanisms by which hummock formation and microtopography influence SSBs are unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the effects of three stages of hummock formation (5–10, 50–60, and 100–150 years) and three microtopographic conditions (apex, interspace, and brae of the <em>Carex</em> hummock) on the ecological characteristics of SSBs using a field experiment. The results revealed that hummock formation, microtopography, and their interactions significantly influenced SSBs and APCs. Specifically, both the richness and density at hummock apex (HA) were significantly higher than those in other areas. During hummock formation, SSBs exhibited a higher rate of richness growth than the APC and exhibited significant variations across microtopographic conditions. The similarity between SSBs and the APC progressively declined throughout the hummock formation period, while the highest species composition similarity consistently observed at the HA. Soil organic matter and ammonium nitrogen were identified as critical factors affecting SSB dynamics. Structural equation modeling further revealed that microtopography had a direct negative effect on SSBs, whereas hummock formation and its interaction with microtopography positively influenced SSBs by mediating biotic and abiotic soil properties and APC dynamics. In summary, the results collectively demonstrated that hummock formation and microtopography promoted SSB richness and density, as this process resulted from complex antagonistic and synergistic interactions. This study deepens our understanding of microtopographic evolution in wetland ecosystems and its key implications for the nature-based rehabilitation and adaptive management of degraded wetlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking soil’s carbon storage potential: exploring sustainable cultivation systems in tropical agriculture","authors":"Izabella Marani Martins Araújo ,&nbsp;Gustavo Franco de Castro ,&nbsp;Rafael da Silva Teixeira ,&nbsp;Raquel Santiago Barro ,&nbsp;Isabela Formagio da Silva ,&nbsp;Bernardo Amorim da Silva ,&nbsp;Edson Marcio Mattiello ,&nbsp;Felipe Dalla zen Bertol ,&nbsp;Larissa de Souza Bortolo","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotation and succession with cover crops strategies have been employed to achieve profitability, food security, and adaptation to climate change, which necessarily involves increasing soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term soybean cropping systems, with and without leguminous and non-leguminous cover crop species, on SOM fractions and their carbon (C) storage capacity in tropical agriculture. We also investigated whether the mere absence of soil disturbance is sufficient to increase soil C stocks and how different cover crop species influence these stocks. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments: disk harrow-soybean monoculture (DHSM), no-till-soybean monoculture (NTSM), three crop rotation systems (NTR1, NTR2, NTR3), and three crop succession systems (NTS1, NTS2, NTS3). After 12 years of cultivation, soil samples were collected from the 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm layers to determine total organic C (C_TOTAL), C in mineral-associated organic matter (C_MAOM), C in particulate organic matter (C_POM) fractions, C storage capacity, and C saturation deficit (CSD). Aboveground plant dry matter (DM) input over 12 harvests was also evaluated. Rotation and succession systems increase stocks of C_TOTAL, C_POM, and C_MAOM compared to DHSM and NTSM. Cover crops contribute to soil C accumulation and eliminating soil disturbance alone (NTSM) is not sufficient to increase C stocks. The CSD indicates that soil management under rotation and succession with cover crops has the potential to function as a C sink and the capacity to continue storing C remains in soils managed under these systems. The accumulation of C through DM on the soil influences C stocks and the CSD. These findings are compatible with and applicable to highly weathered tropical soils. The indicators used in this study (C stocks and CSD) have strong potential for field applicability as tools for managing agricultural soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical distribution and migration mechanism of artificial radionuclides in Zhalong Wetland and Lake Chagan of the Nenjiang river basin","authors":"Chunping Huang ,&nbsp;Yongjing Guan ,&nbsp;Peijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Deyu Wang ,&nbsp;RanRan Li ,&nbsp;Heng Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peat bog (Zhalong Wetland) and lake (Lake Chagan) sediments were collected in the same watershed (∼200 km) to examine the mechanisms of artificial radionuclide deposition and transport. Plutonium(Pu)-239,240, neptunium(Np)-237, and americium(Am)-241 in sediments were analyzed by sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP- MS). Cesium(Cs)-137 was analyzed using an anti-Compton γ-ray spectrometer (HPGe). The results of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atomic ratios, ²³⁷Np/²³⁹Pu atomic ratios, and ²⁴¹Am/^239+240Pu activity ratios showed that ¹³⁷Cs, ^239+240Pu, ²³⁷Np, and ²⁴¹Am in Zhalong Wetland and Lake Chagan were mainly from global fallout. The activities of ¹³⁷Cs, ^239+240Pu, ²³⁷Np, and ²⁴¹Am in Zhalong Wetland sediments are 0.3–41, 0.040–2.8, (0.016–2.9) × 10⁻³, and 0.02–0.66 mBq g⁻¹, respectively. Relatively lower concentrations were found in Lake Chagan sediments, with 0.5–4.4, 0.046–0.217, (0.074–0.53) × 10⁻³, and 0.02–0.08 mBq g⁻¹. Vertical distribution characteristics of the ZL2 core from Zhalong Wetland demonstrate that ^239+240Pu, ²³⁷Np, and ²⁴¹Am are affected by sediment suspension redistribution and organic matter redistribution. Besides, the inventories of ¹³⁷Cs, ^239+240Pu, ²³⁷Np, and ²⁴¹Am in Lake Chagan sediments were 932 ± 33, 52 ± 2, 0.9 ± 0.01, and 19 ± 1 Bq m⁻², respectively, which were lower than the mean values reported by IAEA at 40-50°N. These radionuclides show more positive depositional effects in wetland sediments. Calculations indicate that riverine inputs of ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu to the wetland are approximately 36–65 %, in addition to direct global deposition. In addition, the convection/dispersion phenomena of wetland sediment radionuclides were characterized using the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) model. The results of fitting the CDE model indicate that in Zhalong Wetland, the dispersion process dominates for ^239+240Pu, ²³⁷Np and ²⁴¹Am, while the deposition process for ¹³⁷Cs. The CDE model revealed that ¹³⁷Cs can be detected in sediments 100 years, suggesting that the environmental impacts of radionuclides with longer half-lives, such as ^239+240Pu, ²³⁷Np, and ²⁴¹Am, are likely to persist for an extended period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regionalization of standardized sediment rating curves for enhancing data continuity in ungauged catchments","authors":"Nantawoot Inseeyong ,&nbsp;Pavisorn Chuenchum ,&nbsp;Bofu Yu ,&nbsp;Mengzhen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment load observations are often limited in time and space, particularly for river basins in developing regions.<!--> <!-->Sediment rating curves (SRCs) provide a practical method to calculate sediment loads from streamflow in areas with poorly gauged or no gauged (Q_s = aQ^b). However, the absence of sediment data for ungauged catchments poses challenges in estimating SRC parameters. This study develops a regionalization approach for SRC parameters to estimate sediment load using only discharge data and catchment attributes of ungauged catchments. The methodology was developed and validated in the Mun River Basin, the largest tributary of the Mekong River. Two regionalization approaches were considered and assessed: 1) an overall rating exponent (b_o) for all gauging stations while allowing rating coefficient (a_i) to vary as a function of catchment attributes; 2) both rating coefficient (a_i) and exponent (b_i) are allowed to vary from station to station. The regionalisation approach, with fixed rating exponent (b_o = 0.98) and involving the rating coefficient (a_i) as a function of the mean catchment slope gradient (S_C) and the cover and management factor from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (C_USLE), showed sediment load predictions with acceptable performance metrics (0.43 &lt; NSE &lt; 0.95, and −58 % &lt; PBIAS &lt; 53 %). This regional approach performs comparably to individual SRC parameterization while minimizing error propagation risks in sediment load predictions. This practical and transferable framework enables sediment load estimation in data-scarce regions, supporting hydrological, morphological, and erosion management. Its simplicity and minimal data requirements make it a valuable tool for applications in developing and transboundary river basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal reconstruction and post-failure stability analysis of rainfall-induced landslides via multi-modal SAR-optical data fusion","authors":"Lele Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Dou ,&nbsp;Zilin Xiang ,&nbsp;Mengshuang Huang ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Tang ,&nbsp;Guangli Xu ,&nbsp;Shiping Hou ,&nbsp;Fei Yuan ,&nbsp;Bo Peng ,&nbsp;Xian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring rainfall-induced landslides remains challenging due to the limitations of single-source remote sensing in capturing full-cycle kinematic behaviors, from pre-failure creep to catastrophic collapse. To address this, this study proposes a temporally stratified, multi-modal framework that integrates Distributed Scatterer InSAR (DS-InSAR), dense optical flow (OF) analysis, and three-dimensional discrete element simulations. Applying this framework to the Shaziba landslide (China), DS-InSAR successfully captured early-stage creep signals even in vegetation-covered terrains. The pyramid-optimized OF algorithm achieved a 79% and 61% reduction in displacement Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to traditional Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) methods in east–west and north–south directions, respectively, significantly improving rapid failure tracking. Physics-based simulations further reconstructed the dynamic failure process, identifying retrogressive sliding triggered by rainfall-driven crack infiltration into impermeable coal seams. This integrated approach not only reconstructs the full lifecycle of landslide evolution but also identifies post-failure hydro-mechanical feedbacks critical for early warning and targeted mitigation. The framework provides a transferable methodology for landslide monitoring and stability assessment in complex, data-scarce environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based identification of high-gradient gullies using UAV imagery and topography","authors":"Fengjie Fan ,&nbsp;Fuhuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Ziquan Zuo ,&nbsp;Haiqing Yang ,&nbsp;Jun Luo ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Qingchun Deng ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-gradient gullies, prevalent on steep slopes in mountainous regions, drive severe soil erosion and landscape degradation. To address the limitations of conventional single-source remote sensing approaches, this study developed an automated identification framework for high-gradient gullies by integrating high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry data, including digital orthophoto maps (DOM) and digital elevation models (DEM). Focusing on arid valley gullies in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, a critical yet understudied erosion hotspot, this study employed statistically rigorous screening via Spearman’s rank correlation to identify pivotal topographic indicators, and fused these with spectral features, textural features, and geometric features. Leveraging object-based image analysis (OBIA) alongside three machine learning algorithms: K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF). The results show the superior performance of the RF model, achieving highest classification accuracy with minimal overfitting risk, validated by reducing out-of-bag (OOB) error analysis at 4.87 % and 1.27 %. Integration of topographic data enhanced average accuracy by 2.11 %, increased the average Kappa coefficient by 0.092, and raised the average Area Under the Curve (AUC) value by 0.062. Feature importance on the RF model and SHAP analysis reveals that key drivers of model performance included hill shade (HS), surface cutting depth (D), and surface curvature (Curvature), which collectively resolved edge ambiguities and shadow interference. This methodology advances high-precision gully mapping in complex terrains and provides a scalable framework to integrate UAV photogrammetry with geomorphic analytics, offering practical insights for regional soil conservation and disaster mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 109407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}