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{"title":"Influence of roots on soil preferential paths for infiltration in typical vegetation of the Loess Plateau","authors":"Ning Guan ,&nbsp;Huaxing Bi ,&nbsp;Yilin Song ,&nbsp;Shanhong Lu ,&nbsp;Dandan Lin ,&nbsp;Jindan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have indicated that preferential flow is likely to occur during infiltration on the Loess Plateau, with root systems being a key factor. Given the large-scale vegetation construction on the Loess Plateau, it is essential to investigate how root system changes influence preferential path formation. This study investigated the effects of roots of different diameter classes on preferential paths using in situ dye tracer experiments and profile imaging methods. Results showed that the cover of forest vegetation increased the density (root length density, root surface density and root volume density) of roots in soil. The total number of preferential paths in the studied 0–30 cm soil layer was 2524 in the natural secondary forest, which was 1.39 times higher than in the <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> plantation and 1.48 times higher than in the mixed <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em>-<em>P. tabuliformis</em> plantation. Preferential paths were predominantly distributed in the 0–15 cm soil layer. In forest soil, the maximum number of preferential paths consistently occurred at 5 cm depth, with measured values of 803 in <em>P. tabuliformis</em> plantation, 568 in mixed <em>R. pseudoacacia</em>-<em>P. tabuliformis</em> plantation, and 996 in natural secondary forest. By contrast, grassland soil exhibited the greatest number of preferential paths at 10 cm depth (1181 paths) and a lower number of preferential paths at 5 cm depth (414 paths). Most preferential paths exhibited an infiltration aperture radius below 5 mm. Roots of different diameter classes promoted the formation of preferential paths, and the effect of fine roots was more evident than that of coarse roots. Vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau has altered infiltration patterns, necessitating attention to preferential flow, and root configuration and density critically influence preferential paths development, with implications for forest and hydrological management in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered precipitation patterns raise the risk of reduction in deposited nitrogen induced carbon sinks in an alpine grassland","authors":"Taotao Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyu Xie ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Nan Jia ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yalan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even if the total amount of precipitation remains constant, the intra-annual precipitation distribution could profoundly affect the nitrogen (N) cycling and carbon (C) sequestration. However, previous studies have concentrated on N retention and C sinks in response to N deposition, with limited evidence on scenarios involving different precipitation regimes. We conducted a ¹⁵NO₃⁻ and ¹⁵NH₄⁺ tracer experiment with alterations in the precipitation pattern to investigate the retention of deposited N and associated C sink responses in alpine grasslands via the stoichiometric scaling method. We manipulated precipitation patterns by redistributing 40 % of the precipitation from the early to late growing season. The present study revealed that the total retention rates of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ and ¹⁵NO₃⁻ were 1.59 and 1.27 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively, under natural precipitation conditions in alpine grasslands. However, changes in precipitation distribution reduced total ¹⁵NO₃⁻ retention by 14.21 % to 19.04 % and total ¹⁵NH₄⁺ retention by 12.71 % to 14.06 %, indicating a strong sensitivity of N cycling to intra-annual precipitation variability. The C sink induced by ¹⁵N deposition was 83.57 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under natural precipitation conditions. The alternative precipitation distribution reduced this C sink, which was induced by ¹⁵N deposition by 11.39 % to 15.05 %. The reduction in the C sink induced by N deposition under changing precipitation patterns is attributed mainly to decreased N retention resulting from a temporal decoupling between plant N demand and soil N availability of N in alpine grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109179"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation restoration enhances soil organic carbon accumulation in Southwest China’s karst region: The role of aggregation, calcium, and microbes","authors":"Jiacheng Lan ,&nbsp;Yongxiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Mingzhi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation restoration promotes soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation through physical aggregate protection, mineral chemical stabilization, and microbial-driven mechanisms. However, the quantitative contributions of these three factors to SOC stocks, including their interactions and influences, remain poorly understood. This study investigated the influence of soil aggregate fractions: large macroaggregates (&gt;2 mm), small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm), microaggregates (0.25–0.053 mm), and silt + clay fractions (&lt;0.053 mm), aggregate-associated organic carbon (OC), minerals, and microbial variables on SOC stocks and their relative contributions following cropland restoration. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0–10 cm across the croplands and two cropland restoration systems: a secondary forest and a plantation forest. The four aggregate-associated OC fractions significantly contributed to SOC stocks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Variations in each aggregate-associated OC fraction were linked to changes in the soil aggregate fractions, exchangeable calcium (Ca), bacterial abundance, and community compositions. In addition, aggregates, minerals, and microbes explained 90.1 % of the variance in the SOC stocks. The SOC stock was primarily influenced by the interactive effects of aggregates, microbes, and minerals (34.2 %), aggregates alone (27.2 %), and aggregate–microbial (22.3 %) interactions. Our findings underscore the critical role of soil bacterial variables in influencing aggregate-associated OC and stabilizing SOC, whereas soil-exchangeable Ca plays a significant and indispensable role in mineral protection and the regulation of SOC stocks. These results highlight that the SOC protection and stabilization mechanisms following vegetation restoration arise from the interplay and interdependence of physical aggregate protection, soil mineral binding, and microbial metabolic processes in this karst region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing a low-complexity spatially distributed model to simulate the intra-annual dynamics of soil erosion and sediment delivery","authors":"Francis Matthews ,&nbsp;Panos Panagos ,&nbsp;Arthur Fendrich ,&nbsp;Gert Verstraeten","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Erosion models simulating the intra-annual effects of hydrometeorological drivers and disturbances (e.g. vegetation clearcutting, tillage events, wildfires) need to represent temporal variability at time scales below the long-term annual average (e.g. the native timescale of the (Revised) Universal Soil Loss Equation). Here, we test a low-complexity, spatially distributed model (WaTEM/SEDEM: W/S), to simulate 15-day erosion and sediment dynamics. A standardised modelling routine was applied to four monitored and well-studied catchments in North-West Europe with open-access discharge (Q) and suspended sediment load (SSL) data, creating a model workflow implementable with predominantly pan-European Union data. Despite introducing temporally variable rainfall erosivity and crop cover into W/S, a temporally static calibration of transport capacity (TC) could not adequately replicate the SSL variability in most catchments. Instead, embedding seasonality into the TC through a multitemporal calibration routine improved the representation of the SSL variability by reducing and increasing the sediment transport efficiency in summer and winter, respectively. The optimal multitemporal TC revealed a negative relationship, or relative decoupling effect, between the gross erosion (i.e. the pixel-scale soil displacement) and the in-channel SSL. The net effect in most catchments was a reduction in the magnitudes of the simulated internal sediment fluxes at aggregated timescales compared to a temporally static TC calibration. While the multitemporal TC profiles give interesting insights into the potential seasonal biases within the model, care should be taken in its interpretation due to the confounding influence of potential error compensation in time and space, as well as unrepresented hydrological and erosion processes. Despite the complexities involved in the temporal downscaling of WaTEM/SEDEM, compared to single iteration long-term approaches, we show the utility of this approach to better understand the interdependencies between temporal scale and spatial redistribution rates within soil erosion models capable of large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability and microstructure evolution of loess-paleosol sequence: analysis of prediction model based on deposition time","authors":"Zhiyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaokun Hou ,&nbsp;Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianchao Chen ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Tonglu Li ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saturated hydraulic conductivity (<em>K_s</em>) is a critical parameter for assessing water-induced loess collapsibility, erosion, and landslides. However, accurately determining <em>K_s</em> has long been a challenge in geological and geotechnical engineering due to the complexity and inherent spatial variability of loess-paleosol sequences. To address this issue, this study conducted shaft sampling and laboratory experiments to measure the <em>K_s</em> of loess with a deposition time (<em>T</em>) of up to 880 ka. By leveraging the well-defined deposition time scale and global relevance of loess, a predictive model incorporating <em>K_s</em> variability was developed with <em>T</em> as a variable. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the physical significance of the model’s parameters, their determination methods, and verifies its applicability. Pore distribution and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to reveal the three-stage evolution of <em>K_s</em> over time, as well as the underlying microstructural mechanisms. Additionally, this paper explores the impact of commonly used merging layer methods on <em>K_s</em> variability in engineering practice. The model effectively captures the long-term evolution of <em>K_s</em> in loess and can predict the <em>K_s</em> of loess-paleosol sequences, along with their expected variability, at a lower cost. This provides more reliable parameters for geological hazard assessments and hydrological engineering design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental changes in the Northern Mongolian Plateau during the past ∼14,000 yr inferred from paleosols record","authors":"Yury Kononov ,&nbsp;Olga Khokhlova ,&nbsp;Svetlana Timireva ,&nbsp;Ochirbat Batkhishig ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Simakova ,&nbsp;Svetlana Sycheva ,&nbsp;Tseden-Ish Bolormaa ,&nbsp;Ganbat Byambaa","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paleoenvironment changes in the northern Mongolia over the past 14,000 years have been reconstructed through a multi-proxy analysis of soil-sediment sequences. The chronology was established using eighteen AMS 14C dates from three sections within the Orkhon River basin. Each section contains complex friable sediments with several heterochronous paleosols separated by units of various genesis, mainly aeolian and fluvial. The paleosols were formed during periods of stable landscapes under optimal bioclimatic conditions. The interbedded sediment (mainly sandy silt units) displays the phases of soil degradation due to frequent droughts and increased aeolian processes. Our results suggest that noticeably climatic and environmental changes occurred at the end of the Late Glacial. The wet climate of the Alleröd interstadial (ca. 14–13.5 ka cal BP) changed to the dry climate of the Younger Dryas event (ca. 13–11.5 ka cal BP). The region was covered with steppe and desert steppe vegetation before ∼11.5 ka cal BP. A generally warm and wet climate prevailed in the region during the early Holocene (ca. 11–9 ka cal BP). At that time, the region’s vegetation was steppe, meadow steppes, and forest steppe. Unstable climate conditions existed in the middle Holocene (ca. 8.5–3.0 ka cal BP), and significantly drier conditions were recorded between 6.0 and 3.5 ka cal BP. The early Holocene humid forest-steppe conditions were replaced by drier steppe conditions in the middle Holocene. After 3.5 ka cal BP the climate became wetter and warmer. The late Holocene was featured by meadow steppe predominance under increased moisture conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of buffer zones in nutrient load reduction under climate change conditions (Nurzec River, eastern Poland)","authors":"Damian Bojanowski ,&nbsp;Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak ,&nbsp;Paweł Wilk ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Wypych ,&nbsp;Ewa Szalińska","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buffer zones are considered as the most common measures aimed at reducing nutrient loadings into aquatic environments. Assessment of their effectiveness, especially under climate change scenarios, is crucial for planning future mitigation measures, and implementation of the Water Framework Directive. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of buffer zone implementation in the Nurzec River catchment (eastern Poland) under current and future climate conditions. Nutrient loads were modelled with the use of the SWAT model (Soil &amp; Water Assessment Tool), and simulated influences of four buffer zone widths (2, 5, 10, and 20 m) using an inbuilt SWAT model option (FILTERW). All variants were examined using climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and 8.5) in three-time horizons (2026–2050, 2051–2075, and 2076–2100), resulting in 35 individual model settings. Implementation of buffer zones in the study area reduced nutrient loads by approximately 27–55 % and 19–37 % for total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively, depending on the increase of buffer width. These values correspond with a reduction of 396.7 and 18.6 tons per year of TN and TP, respectively. Moreover, our results show that climate change will have an ambiguous impact on nutrient loads (TN decrease and TP increase). Despite these differences, we forecast that the effectiveness of the implemented buffer zones will be maintained at 66 % and 30 % for TN and TP, respectively. Even more important in our research is the detailed information on the effectiveness of the described research, which is a significant step forward in the use of model analyses of water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the pedogenetic development of forest soils in Northern Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Alois Simon ,&nbsp;Ernesto J. Reiter ,&nbsp;Franz Zehetner ,&nbsp;María Florencia Urretavizcaya ,&nbsp;Virginia Alonso ,&nbsp;Gabriel A. Loguercio ,&nbsp;Franz Ottner ,&nbsp;Helge Walentowski","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mountain forests of Northern Patagonia represent a steep hydroclimatic gradient, with a udic to xeric soil water balance from west to east, alongside pronounced elevation gradients. This study aimed to elucidate forest soil formation along these interacting gradients and to disentangle the various influencing factors. We collected 45 soil profile and 66 topsoil samples along 16 elevational transects along two west-to-east valley transects. Based on standard chemical soil analyses, 24 profiles were further characterised by selective dissolution analysis of short-range order minerals and PO₄-retention, and 5 profiles were analysed for bulk and clay mineralogical composition.</div><div>We found distinct patterns of soil development along the hydroclimatic gradient, along the elevation (thermal) gradient, and with changing litter quality characterised by the C:N ratio. The distinct plant species composition of the forest types plays a significant role in shaping soil properties through the C:N ratio of the ecto-organic layer and topsoil. Volcanic ash deposition regularly rejuvenates soils, particularly in the humid west, influencing the pedogenetic development. We observed a less pronounced expression of andic properties (e.g. higher bulk density, less amorphous Fe and Al, less PO₄-retention) in the east, and attributed this partly to aeolian deposition of non-volcanic material, reflected by a significant share of mica, quartz and K-feldspar. These factors lead to a shift in the reference soil groups, from Andosols to Cambisols.</div><div>Our findings reveal a complex interplay between climate, vegetation, and volcanic deposition, which has implications for understanding pedogenetic development and the effects of climate change in the Northern Patagonian forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind erosion-induced soil sediment and organic carbon loss under various land management practices in western U.S. Rangeland","authors":"G. Cho ,&nbsp;T.A. Abitew ,&nbsp;S. Calabrese ,&nbsp;J. Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rangelands in the western United States play a crucial role in maintaining air quality but are highly vulnerable to wind erosion due to low soil moisture and sparse vegetation. Soil serves as a carbon sink, yet its erosion releases significant carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change. Effective conservation policies require accurate physics-based modeling of wind erosion rates. This study integrates the Landscape Wind Erosion (LWE) module into the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to simulate wind-driven soil erosion and carbon loss under various management scenarios. Three representative sites–Jornada (New Mexico), Moab (Utah), and San Luis Valley (Colorado)–were selected for evaluation. At 0.39 t/ha/yr benchmark scenario wind erosion, a 10 % increasing vegetation reduced erosion by 40 %, while a 10 % decrease raised it by 80 %. These findings also extend to SOC losses, showing 1.4 t C/ha over 20 years, dropping to 0.8 with a 10 % vegetation increase and rising to 3.7 with a 10 % decrease. This highlights that conservation policies focused on preserving vegetation are more effective than recovery efforts in mitigating erosion. Additionally, although sites with higher vegetation cover had lower erosion rates, they experienced substantial carbon losses. This suggests that while dense vegetation enhances soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, it also increases carbon release per unit of soil loss due to higher organic inputs. These findings underscore the importance of proactive vegetation conservation strategies. By providing reliable modeling results and evaluating land management practices, this study offers valuable insights for developing effective wind erosion mitigation policies in rangelands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibrating the rainfall erosivity of high-resolution calculation and low-resolution estimation approaches in karst areas of southwest China","authors":"Lu Zhai ,&nbsp;Teng Feng ,&nbsp;Yuemin Yue ,&nbsp;Kelin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall erosivity describes the capacity of rainfall to cause soil erosion in unprotected fields. The calculation methods show regional variations influenced by climate and terrain. In humid karst region characterized by soluble carbonate rock, widespread underground pores and fissures lead to high rainfall acceptance. Only during heavy rainstorms may rainfall exceed the absorption capacity of soil and underground channels, resulting in surface runoff and soil erosion. However, controversy exists about rainfall erosivity criteria based on high-resolution rainfall data (1–60 min) and lack of localized estimated models based on low-resolution rainfall data (day, month, year) in the karst areas of southwest China. Therefore, 63 erosive events from five fallow plots were collected to determine the erosive rainfall criteria. Subsequently, hourly rainfall data spanning 42 years from six meteorological stations were analyzed to determine the erosive daily rainfall standard. Finally, four commonly used estimated rainfall erosivity model parameters were calibrated for each station and the region. The results showed that the erosive rainfall criteria are determined by multiplying the event rainfall amount by the maximum 30-minute intensity of 146 mm² h⁻¹, or by a rainfall amount of 20 mm. The erosive daily rainfall standard was 16.5 mm. The daily rainfall power function incorporating seasonal changes (Model 2) outperformed at each station, with average Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.73 and 0.89 for daily and monthly rainfall erosivity, respectively. The daily rainfall power function (Model 1 (region)) at the regional scale performed best. Our results showed that the model parameters used in non-karst areas have overestimated rainfall erosivity for karst areas due to the low erosive rainfall standard. This study emphasizes the importance of using localized erosive rainfall standards and localized estimated model parameters for karst areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 109174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}