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{"title":"Shrub dendrochronology reveals the last 150 years of spatiotemporal patterns of desertification in the Tengger Desert","authors":"Yu Ren ,&nbsp;Shengchun Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Peng ,&nbsp;Aijun Ding ,&nbsp;Quanyan Tian ,&nbsp;Jiakang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desertification is among the most pressing ecological and environmental challenges worldwide, characterized by its long-term and complex dynamics. Long records are essential to reveal its historical evolution and underlying drivers, yet satellite-based monitoring spans only the past four decades, and reconstructions from historical documents, archaeology, or sediments often lack spatial representativeness and temporal precision. Here we take the Tengger Desert as a case study and develop an integrated framework that couples shrub ring-width indices (RWI) with multi-source remote sensing indices and a desertification index (DI). Using this approach, we reconstruct desertification in the desert's peripheral zones since 1850 and investigate its drivers and cyclicity. Results show that desertification has generally weakened over the past 150 years: the northern (NTD), western (WTD), and southern (STD) margins exhibit declining trends, while the eastern margin (ETD) remains relatively stable. At the interannual scale, the reconstructed DI displays strong fluctuations, showing synchronous highs in 1972 and lows in 1978 across the four marginal zones; at the decadal scale, it reveals coherent phases, with synchronous periods in 1917–1920, 1926–1930, and 1978–1989. The dominant cycles of DI range from 2 to 10 years. NTD and WTD are controlled mainly by precipitation and drought, whereas human disturbance increasingly shapes STD and dominates ETD. Large-scale climate teleconnections modulate desertification variability, but their influence lacks consistency and persistence. Our findings provide a new framework for reconstructing long-term ecological change in arid deserts and offer scientific guidance for desertification control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme weather events and earthquakes intensify the old landslides reactivation over the past decade revealed by InSAR","authors":"Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Ren-mao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactivation of old landslides is increasingly reported worldwide, yet important uncertainties remain regarding how multi-stage reactivation evolves over decadal timescales and how the dominance of different triggers shifts across time scales, especially where extreme weather events, earthquakes, and human disturbance co-occur. Here we quantify 2014–2024 kinematics of two old landslides in the piedmont of the Qilian Mountains, China, using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and link deformation to hydro-ecological conditions, geomorphology, and anthropogenic disturbance. The landslides exhibit pronounced spatiotemporal deformation over the past decade, with cumulative displacement reaching −141 mm and peak velocities up to 52 mm/year. Notable spatial variability in deformation was observed, which strongly correlates with the distribution of springs, pastoral living sites, NDVI, and slope within the old sliding body. Deformation rates tend to be higher in gently sloping areas with a high density of pastoral settlements, indicating the potential destabilizing effect of human activities on slope stability. Analysis of reactivation mechanism indicates a strong positive correlation with increased temperature over the long term, while heavy rainfall, high temperature, and earthquakes (M &gt; 6) act as short-term accelerators. InSAR time series further reveal three distinct acceleration modes, highlighting that reactivation is not a single process but a sequence of stage-dependent responses to compound forcings. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of old landslide reactivation and revealed significant expansion of boundaries, gullies, and channels, and a decline in NDVI between 2014 and 2024. It also induced secondary landslides and debris flows, increasing the risk of cascading geological hazards. Our results provide a decadal, process-based template to diagnose time-scale-dependent controls and acceleration modes of old landslide reactivation, with implications for hazard assessment in cryosphere-seismic transition zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilization of organic matter in topsoils under different tundra vegetation in Central Spitsbergen (high Arctic)","authors":"Anna Bartos ,&nbsp;Łukasz Musielok ,&nbsp;Wojciech Szymański","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic matter (SOM) stability in Arctic soils is a key factor influencing carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the context of climate change. Despite numerous studies on carbon stocks in the Arctic, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the mechanisms of SOM stabilization and their impact on the quantity and quality of SOM across different tundra vegetation types. The main aim of this study was to determine SOM characteristics in surface horizons of permafrost-affected soils covered with different tundra vegetation types (pioneer tundra, arctic meadow, moss tundra, and heath tundra) in the central part of Spitsbergen (Svalbard). Physical fractionation was used to separate SOM into POM (particulate organic matter) and MAOM (mineral-associated organic matter) fractions, while particle-size fractionation was applied to evaluate SOM distribution and composition in sand, silt, and clay fractions. The results indicate that in topsoils under heath tundra POM fractions dominate the carbon and nitrogen pools, whereas in pioneer tundra topsoils, the majority of the carbon and nitrogen are stored in MAOM fractions. Moreover, a substantial proportion of SOM is occluded within macro- and microaggregates. Furthermore, the results obtained from FTIR analysis revealed substantial differences in the chemical properties of individual soil fractions, both concerning the degree of occlusion in aggregates and across particle size fractions. This study provides clear evidence that tundra vegetation types significantly influence both the spatial distribution and chemical composition of SOM in the topsoils of central Spitsbergen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractionation of rare earth elements in carbonate nodules of alluvial soils along a chronosequence","authors":"Hui Zhen Hum ,&nbsp;Mei-Fei Chu ,&nbsp;Wen-Shu Huang ,&nbsp;Franz Zehetner ,&nbsp;Zeng-Yei Hseu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth elements (REEs) have been detected in soil carbonate nodules, where their redistribution patterns can offer valuable insights into pedogenesis over various time scales. This study aimed to characterize the signature and fractionation of REEs in carbonate nodules of aged-alluvial soils along a chronosequence in the sub-humid coastal plain of southwestern Taiwan. Four Alfisol pedons containing carbonate nodules were sampled along a chronosequence, with soil ages estimated by the phases of shoreline transgression and regression to be 10,000 BP (Before Present), 8000 BP, 5000 BP, and 3000 BP. The nodules were predominantly comprised of calcite with minor amounts of quartz, chlorite, and illite. REEs concentrations were lower in the nodules than in the bulk soils (12.7–108 v.s. 132–315 mg kg⁻¹). The upper continental crust normalized distribution patterns of REEs in the nodules differed from those of REEs in the corresponding bulk soils. Lower (La/Sm)_N and (La/Yb)_N indicated higher levels of heavy REEs (HREEs) in the nodules than in the bulk soils, implying that REEs fractionation occurred within the nodules during progressive pedogenesis. No trends in the REEs fractionation indices were discernible in the bulk soils, but the (Gd/Yb)_N in the nodules decreased remarkably across the chronosequence. As a consequence, HREEs and the (Gd/Yb)_N in the nodules of the studied chronosequence soils were suitable tracers separating the different pedogenic stages in principal component analysis. This study identifies systematic patterns in the REEs distribution of carbonate nodules that can serve as indicators of pedogenesis across temporal scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109704"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifts in soil microbial community composition along an alpine forest-shrubland ecotone in the Hengduan Mountains","authors":"Wenjing Fang ,&nbsp;Xinrui Wang ,&nbsp;Bingzhu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuting Liu ,&nbsp;Qin Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiyan Peng ,&nbsp;Rujing Yang ,&nbsp;Qiong Cai ,&nbsp;Suhui Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingyun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest line is one of the hot spots in ecological research. It is well documented that the dynamics of forest line under climatic warming, yet how soil microbial community composition shifts across forest line ecotone remains unclear. This study investigated the change in microbial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils at locations above, at, and below the forest line within an alpine forest-shrubland ecotone in the Hengduan Mountains, China. The results showed that the relative abundances of dominant phyla in surface rhizosphere soil changed more significantly along the forest line ecotone, with <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Basidiomycota</em> decreasing but <em>Chloroflexi</em> and <em>Mortierellomycota</em> increasing, compared to bulk soil. Both the network complexity and key nodes of soil microbial communities changed significantly along the forest line ecotone. Specifically, bacterial network complexity between rhizosphere and bulk soils depended on soil depth, whereas fungal network complexity between rhizosphere and bulk soils varied with forest line. Microbial community compositions were co-regulated by both environmental and vegetation factors. Furthermore, microbial community changes were primarily driven by the cover and height of shrub and herb layers, highlighting the importance of shrubs and herbs in shaping soil microbial community composition. Our findings reveal the distribution patterns and underlying shift mechanisms of microbial communities along the forest line ecotone. These insights are crucial for mountain biodiversity conservation and for improving predictions of forest responses to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109775"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145876741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological advancements in soil erosion: a meta-analysis of organic matter content and erosion in the Mediterranean region","authors":"Tom Avikasis Cohen ,&nbsp;Gabriel Cotlier ,&nbsp;Ioannis Daliakopoulos ,&nbsp;Pandi Zdruli ,&nbsp;Shahar Baram ,&nbsp;Anna Brook","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topsoil organic matter content (OMC), particularly within the upper 30 cm, is critical for soil fertility, ecosystem functioning, and resilience. In Mediterranean environments, OMC is highly vulnerable to soil water erosion (SWE), a process intensified by increasingly frequent and intense rainfall. While SWE research has largely focused on mineral soil loss, its effects on OMC, especially the balance between depletion in source areas and accumulation in depositional zones, remain poorly quantified at regional scales. This study applies advanced analytical approaches, including multilevel meta-analytic models, to examine the spatial dynamics of OMC redistribution under SWE and to evaluate how scale and methodology influence reported outcomes. A meta-analysis was conducted using data from 71 studies across Mediterranean landscapes. Due to the limited availability of land-use-specific studies, the analysis adopts a broad regional perspective rather than stratification by management type. Results reveal extremely high heterogeneity, driven primarily by methodological differences, spatial scale, and timing. Mean effects varied by study type: field experiments showed a weakly negative association between SWE and OMC (β = −0.0421, k = 68), rainfall-based studies showed a positive relationship (β = 0.7209, k = 66), and simulation studies indicated a mild positive trend (β = 0.0835, k = 14), all with high heterogeneity (I² &gt; 90 %). Overall, the findings demonstrate that SWE does not uniformly result in OMC loss but often reflects spatial translocation. These results highlight the need for improved methodological consistency and ecologically grounded frameworks to interpret OMC dynamics in Mediterranean erosion-prone landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological alterations induced lakeward expansion of wetland vegetation in Dongting Lake, China's second-largest lake","authors":"Jiangjie Yang ,&nbsp;Zhijun Dai ,&nbsp;Xuefei Mei ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Bu ,&nbsp;Yizhuang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dongting Lake (DTL), one of China's largest freshwater lakes and a critical wetland ecosystem, has shrunk rapidly due to both natural and human factors. This study presents one of the longest continuous analyses of wetland vegetation dynamics from 1989 to 2023 by combining long-term hydrological data with high-resolution remote sensing imagery, explicitly examining the impacts of hydrological alterations before and after the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). Results revealed that the vegetation area of DTL increased at a rate of 5.08 km²/yr, with regional rates of 1.88 km²/yr (East), 2.54 km²/yr (South), and 1.46 km²/yr (West), advancing lakeward at average rates of 27.56 ± 27.03 m/yr (East), 13.74 ± 14.45 m/yr (South), and 22.45 ± 20.67 m/yr (West), corresponding with water retreat and a downward shift of vegetation zones. Hydrological alterations caused by the TGD, including lower water levels (∼0.6 m) and longer dry seasons (35 days), strongly shaped wetland vegetation dynamics, with East DTL mainly responding to water level decline and South and West DTL being more sensitive to dry season duration. Sediment input supported vegetation expansion, and vegetation-sediment feedback accelerated wetland evolution by trapping sediments and raising floodplain elevation. Local reclamation and sand mining resulted in a substantial wetland loss of 117.7 km². This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the coupled effects of hydrological drivers and ecological feedback on wetland evolution, offering critical insights for the sustainable management and restoration of lake ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of increasing extreme climate events on Muz Taw glacier, Central Asia","authors":"Puyu Wang ,&nbsp;Fengchen Yu ,&nbsp;Fanglong Wang ,&nbsp;Puchen Chen ,&nbsp;Hongliang Li ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing frequency of extreme climate events has drawn widespread attention, particularly regarding their impacts on glacier ablation. As the only glacier in the Sawir Mountains with long-term monitoring, the Muz Taw Glacier provides continuous records and serves as an important reference for glaciers in the regions of high latitude and low altitude. Using RClimDex model combination with measurements, ERA5-Land reanalysis, and multi-source remote sensing data, this study analyzed the evolution of extreme climate events in this typical glacier area from 2000 to 2024. Over the past 25 years, all extreme temperature indices show rapid warming in the glacier area, accompanied by differences in temporal pattern, with nighttime warming faster than daytime, and warming magnitude during the non-ablation period exceeding that during the ablation period. Except for R1Xday and R5Xday, extreme precipitation indices showed increasing duration and cumulative intensity, with greater intensity during the ablation period. The stronger correlation between extreme temperature indices and glacier albedo with mass balance suggests that rising extreme warm events and declining albedo contribute to the accelerated glacier mass loss. Particularly in 2024, the Muz Taw Glacier experienced the highest temperature and the greatest amount of mass loss ever recorded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109823"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unearthing historical pedology: An analysis of soil science concepts in 1200 years of Persian poetry","authors":"Ali Shahriari ,&nbsp;Isa Esfandiarpour-Boroujeni ,&nbsp;Leila Kordbacheh ,&nbsp;Zohreh Mosleh ,&nbsp;Reyhaneh Nejadasadi ,&nbsp;Hosnie Shahriari ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Aliabbasi ,&nbsp;Reza Mohajer","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Literature serves as a cultural repository for enduring knowledge, offering unique insights into the historical evolution of scientific and philosophical thought. This study investigates the semantic understanding of soil, from the perspective of pedology, across 1200 years of Persian poetry. The word <em>khāk</em> (soil) was analyzed in the works of major Persian poets from the third to the fourteenth century SH. Poems demonstrating a strong thematic relevance with soil science principles were selected and systematically categorized according to the discipline's specialized subfields. The results yielded ten distinct thematic categories, encompassing soil's agricultural functions (e.g., soil-water-plant relationships), ecological challenges (e.g., salinity, erosion), physical and biological properties, and its role in human health. The analysis of poetic themes reveals a significant focus on soil erosion, and the soil-water-plant relationship was the next most significant theme. Conversely, topics such as soil quality and land capability and modern humanity and soil were minimally represented. The findings reveal that soil holds a dual status in Persian poetry: it is simultaneously a tangible, natural element and a profound symbolic concept. On one hand, it is recognized as the substrate for life, reflecting practical agricultural knowledge and principles of sustainable resource management. On the other, its physical and chemical properties inspire rich metaphors for life, death, humility, and other core ontological themes. This long-standing integration of scientific observation and artistic expression demonstrates a deep-rooted connection between humanity and the environment. It also provides a valuable historical framework for contemporary interdisciplinary fields such as ecopoetry and offers a model for bridging the humanities and the natural sciences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of the Holocene alluvial fan system of Las Carreras Valley (Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina)","authors":"María Marta Sampietro-Vattuone ,&nbsp;José Luis Peña-Monné ,&nbsp;Walter Ariel Báez","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2026.109851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Las Carreras Valley, part of the Tafí Valley in Northwestern Argentina, offers a detailed geomorphological record of Holocene evolution within a tectonic intermontane depression in the Sierras Pampeanas. This study aimed to examine the evolutionary morphology of the main alluvial fans along the western edge of the Las Carreras Valley, at the piedmont of the Sierra de Aconquija. Through geomorphological mapping, stratigraphic profiling, and chronological analyses, this study examines the complex interplay between sedimentary processes, tectonic activity, climatic variability, and human occupation across the three principal alluvial fans: Rodeo, Las Carreras, and Los Alisos. Key findings highlight the influence of Pleistocene-Holocene glacial phases (Younger Dryas, Pre-Boreal Oscillation, Neoglacial Cold Phase) on the formation of Unit H1 (13–4.2 kyr BP) and the dominance of Unit H2 (4.2 kyr BP–600 BP) across fan surfaces. Late Holocene transformations include significant basin captures —such as the Muñoz River headwaters by the Los Alisos River basin— avulsion processes, and neotectonic activity linked to the Las Carreras double fault. These geomorphological changes shaped alluvial fan dynamics, altering drainage networks, fan morphologies, and sedimentary deposits. Stratigraphic profiles reveal Pleistocene deposits as foundational layers, overlain by Holocene units, with volcanic ash markers (V1, V0) serving as chronological indicators. The geomorphology further correlates with human settlement patterns, notably the Tafí culture (360 BCE–1000 CE), whose agricultural adaptations relied on alluvial fan resources. This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical role of tectonic, fluvial, and climatic processes in shaping alluvial fan systems. It provides a framework for assessing environmental risks, land-use strategies, and conservation efforts in tectonically active and semiarid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 109851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}