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{"title":"Past, present and future of land use and soil physicochemical properties in the Province of Salamanca (Spain)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use and land cover (hereafter, LULC) change has occurred throughout history and will continue in the future. Soil properties are dependent on many factors such as LULC and intensity of use. The aim of this work was to assess the historical (1990–2018) and future trends (2050 and 2075) in LULC change and evaluate the effects of LULC on soil physicochemical properties in the Province of Salamanca, Spain. First period has been used due to the abundant and accurate available information for establishing a chronosequence based on homogeneous criteria, and considering the relevant past changes in the area. The second period allows for accurate and truthful projections avoiding distortions. The CORINE Land Cover was reclassified based on the eight most relevant LULC in the province to show historical and current LULCs, occupying an area greater than 2.50 %: Artificial surfaces (As), Non-irrigated arable land (Na), Permanently irrigated land (Pi), Natural grasslands, <em>dehesa</em> and transitional woodland–scrub (Pastures, heterogeneous agricultural areas) (Pha), Coniferous forests (Cf), Broad-leaved forests (Bf), Sclerophyllous vegetation/Mixed forests (Mf), and Water courses (W). Six of these (excepting As and W) were soil sampled to a depth of 0–10 cm and physicochemical analyses were carried out. We found expansion of agricultural areas (mainly Pha) that affected the soil properties in the past; and future variations in coverage are anticipated that could significantly deplete soil nutrients and other changes in soil properties. It is essential to understand the evolution of LULC and how they influence on soil properties to ensure soil sustainability and to be able to take measures to protect certain LULCs or limit certain intensities of use and possible harmful practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816224006131/pdfft?md5=a0275c5e6a760ef290d6d0ec379acbee&pid=1-s2.0-S0341816224006131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent mechanisms driving nutrient stoichiometry in surface and deep soils of desert ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecological stoichiometric properties of desert soils determine nutrient availability and contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. We obtained 1784 soil samples from 330 soil profiles distributed across the desert area of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). We measured the content of soil organic carbon (<em>SOC</em>), total nitrogen (<em>TN</em>), total phosphorus (<em>TP</em>), total potassium (<em>TK</em>), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (<em>AN</em>), available phosphorus (<em>AP</em>), and available potassium (<em>AK</em>) to elucidate the vertical patterns of soil stoichiometric characteristics and their driving factors. We found a unique vertical distribution of <em>SOC</em> and soil nutrients in the QTP desert ecosystem: the proportions of <em>SOC</em> and nutrient storage in the topsoil (0–20 cm) were the highest that have been reported to date, especially for the proportion of <em>SOC</em>, which reached 54 %. The vertical distributions of <em>SOC</em> and <em>AN</em> fit an exponential function (<em>r</em> = 0.247 and 0.249), <em>TN</em> fit a linear function (<em>r</em> = 0.115), and <em>TP</em>, <em>AP</em>, and <em>AK</em> fit a curvilinear function (<em>r</em> = 0.127, 0.175, and 0.103), indicating that soil components exhibited a depth-dependent distribution in the alpine desert ecosystem. With increasing soil depth, <em>C:N</em> and <em>C:P</em> decreased significantly, <em>AN:AP</em> first increased and then decreased, and <em>AP:AK</em> first decreased and then increased. The factors that influenced soil nutrients and stoichiometry differed between the topsoil (0–20 cm) and deep soil (20–100 cm) layers. In the topsoil (0–20 cm), vegetation and precipitation were the dominant factors for soil nutrients and stoichiometry, while topography and climate affected soil nutrients and stoichiometry indirectly by influencing vegetation growth. In the deep soil (20–100 cm), silt particles and precipitation were the dominant factors for soil nutrients and stoichiometry, but climate affected soil nutrients and stoichiometry indirectly, mainly by influencing soil texture. The inconsistencies of nutrient stoichiometric driving mechanisms in surface and deep soils contributed to a comprehensive understanding of soil stoichiometric properties at the profile scale of desert ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of nutrient dynamics and its hydrological pathways in a tropical montane forest watershed: Implications for landscape management","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a significant knowledge gap regarding the relationship between nutrient exports and abiotic factors in tropical forested watersheds. Focusing on a tropical forest watershed located on Hainan Island, we investigated the interactions between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exports and topographic, hydrological, and landscape elements. Using a model-data integration approach, our findings revealed that nutrient exports are predominantly in organic N and P forms, with the values of 15.66 ± 1.87 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 0.26 ± 0.07 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. Inorganic N and P were primarily sourced from orchards, while organic N predominantly originates from forest areas. Additionally, lateral flow was identified as the dominant hydrological pathway for nutrient transport, significantly influenced by topographical gradients. A parabolic relationship between organic N export and forest landscape fragmentation was also observed. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted landscape management strategies, such as selective logging, to mitigate N limitation in tropical forest watersheds, advancing the understanding of nutrient export dynamics and providing practical implications for sustainable forest management and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in soil quality indicators under different cultivation ages and slope positions of arable land in the Mollisol region of China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arable land use change and ages from natural forests alter soil quality, i.e., organic carbon and nutrient losses. Landscape fosters a more complicated spatial distribution of soil quality indicators by soil erosion, resulting in deposition at the lower slope. Although the soil quality index (SQI) has been widely used to assess soil quality, studies comparing the effects of cultivation ages and slope positions on soil quality evolution are rare. Here we report variations in soil quality and corresponding indicators under different cultivation ages (15-yr, 20-yr, and 30-yr) and sloping positions (upper-, middle-, and lower-slope) in the Mollisol region of China. We found a decreasing trend occurred for the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) with cultivation ages. Simultaneously, from upper slope to lower slope position, an increasing trend occurred for the soil fertility properties (i.e., SOC, TN, available potassium-AK, total phosphorus-TP, and available phosphorus-AP), and a decreasing trend occurred for total potassium (TK) and pH. We found that TN, pH and sand content were the most representative indicators for the minimum data set, which represents soil quality under diverse cultivation ages. Moreover, the SQI decreased with increasing cultivation ages while increasing from the upper- to the lower slope. Notably, SQI was primarily affected by the cultivation ages (14.6%) with no considering lower slope positions. While the slope position was the main contribution to SQI (21.6%) with considering lower slope position. We highlight that although the minimum data set was the most feasible approach for assessing soil quality under different ages of cultivation in the Mollisol region. For diverse slope positions and elevations, variations in key soil quality indicators and their interactions are necessary to be re-considered and assessed due to the soil erosion and deposition processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-sensitive effects of vegetation restoration on slowing down soil erosion: Evidence from Northeastern China with Mollisols","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The loss of fertile topsoil caused by erosion leads to the relative change of soil profile configuration, which consequently leads to a series of changes in soil properties. These changes will theoretically affect vegetation restoration efficiency, resulting in a threshold effect of soil erodibility and vegetation restoration effects as soil erosion continues. In this study, we simulated the decrease of the topsoil layer caused by erosion (that is, the thickness of the black soil layer was 30 cm, 20 cm, 10 cm, and 0 cm in order) by filling pots with different proportions of black soil and deposition layer soil to represent the time series of soil erosion: no erosion, mild erosion, moderate erosion and severe erosion. The soil disintegration characteristics in the time series of black soil erosion with and without vegetation (<em>Bromus inermis</em>) were compared, and the response of this process to seasonal freeze–thaw was further considered. We found that in the absence of vegetation, the disintegration rate was the highest at moderate erosion with the intensification of black soil erosion. That is, moderately eroded black soils had an even higher soil erodibility than severely eroded black soils. Vegetation can significantly reduce soil disintegration rates and enhance soil resistance to seasonal freeze–thaw, this is highly dependent on the combined effects of soil stratification and subsequent root characteristics. Our findings revealed that both soil erodibility and vegetation restoration efficiency of degraded stratified soil have threshold effects as soil erosion degree increases. In other words, the effects of vegetation restoration on preventing soil erosion are time-sensitive. Moreover, seasonal freeze–thaw can also affect soil erodibility and vegetation restoration efficiency by changing soil properties and root characteristics. These findings may help determine effective vegetation restoration strategies in areas with similar soil types, profiles, and bioclimatic characteristics to the black soil areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816224006039/pdfft?md5=2c53b0be1bb237d0d7cdf9aafca85d82&pid=1-s2.0-S0341816224006039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oasis evolution and human activities in the central Tianshan Mountains of the Asian inland arid zone: Provenance and environmental reconstruction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Asian inland arid zone (AIAZ), the largest inland arid region in the world, forms the core area of the Silk Road. Despite its significance, we have limited knowledge about the sediment provenance in the oases and their evolutionary processes. Studying the evolution of oases is crucial for understanding the complex interactions among environmental changes, human history, and survival strategies in the AIAZ. This study provides insights into the interactions between oases and human populations and offers references for future oasis evolution, which is essential for ecological conservation and sustainable development. We investigated three key factors in the peat profile of oasis wetlands in the central Tianshan Mountains of the AIAZ: humification degree, TOC and grain size. Our goal was to identify the sediment provenance of the oases, reconstruct the sedimentary environment and evolutionary processes, and explore the relationship between the oases and human activities. Our results indicate that the sediments in the oasis wetlands of the central Tianshan Mountains primarily originate from the Kurban Tonggute Desert, the Gobi Desert in the intermountain basins, the Baiyang River floodplain, and weathered debris from the mountains brought about by glacial snowmelt. The transport of these sedimentary materials is primarily driven by wind and water. Oasis evolution is largely influenced by warm season temperatures and recharge from glacial snowmelt. Oases expand with increased glacial snowmelt recharge and contract when it decreases. The intensity of human activity has been closely related to the evolution of oases, as they provide crucial survival sites and resources for humans in arid zones. However, the ecology of these oases faces significant challenges due to global warming and intensified human activities. This paper proposes a series of measures based on our understanding of oasis evolution and sediment sources to provide a reference for oasis conservation and sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal reconstruction of anthropogenically accelerated soil creep: Bâlea glacial valley, Făgăraş Mountains, Romanian Carpathians","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil creep is a slow gravitational process. It differs from other catastrophic slope processes such as landslides, snow avalanches, and rockfalls in its dynamics and character. However, it can significantly affect tree growth. Creep movements can be analyzed based on the tree rings. This study analyzed the dynamics and spatiotemporal activity of creep in the Bâlea glacial valley (Southern Carpathians) under the Transfăgărășan highway on an anthropogenic slope, using tree rings to define the spatiotemporal activity of creep and assess its potential driving and triggering factors. The dendrogeomorphological analysis included 54 Norway spruces (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst). A total of 118 tree-ring series were obtained, and a 35-year chronology was constructed based on the eccentric growth of tree rings and reaction wood, with a mean recurrence interval of 17.4 years. The spatial pattern of the disturbed trees in the event years was tested using Moran’s I index. The presence of creep in this area is indicated by the stems of young trees taking on a <em>’d’</em> shape or a <em>’pistol-butted’</em> form, as well as the predominant inclination of the stems downslope direction. This inclination is not chaotic, as is typical of forests affected by landslides. The manifestation of creep is influenced by pre-existing factors, such as the substrate consisting of crystalline shale and the blanket of rubble arranged in the direction of the slope, as well as causal factors, such as the slope and precipitation. Precipitation falling within 24 h during June or July and intervals with frosty cycles from November to December and January to March were also contributing factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816224005423/pdfft?md5=59dcbce7dfc7204e86928a8dc6087e3c&pid=1-s2.0-S0341816224005423-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model interpretation and microscopic characteristics of collapsibility evolution of compacted loess under dry-wet cycles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of loess microstructure exerts a direct impact on its collapse evolution during dry and wet (DW) cycles. In this study, a hydro-mechanical coupling numerical model considering DW cycles and mechanical loading was established by extending the Barcelona Basic model, meanwhile combining with the test results to reveal the effect of DW cycling on the collapse deformation and strength response of loess. Additionally, the microscopic mechanism of loess collapse evolution was revealed through microscopic tests. Results indicated DW cycles caused the net compaction of loess, with the first DW cycle exerting the most significant effect on its deformation, consequently deteriorating the loess. Wetting under constant loading leads to a collapse of macrostructures formed by aggregates. Moreover, DW cycles transformed the structural units from line and surface contact to point. The basic structural units exhibited obvious grade properties, in which DW cycles trigger the collapse of compound aggregates, with the number of relatively stable mononuclear aggregates and intergranular pores increasing. DW cycles in an open environment induced the loss of cementing materials such as soluble salts and reduced the bonding strength among basic structural units. This subsequently tended to weaken the structural properties of loess and decreased the mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the surface: microbiological and biochemical attributes as indicators of soil quality in Atlantic Forest ecosystem","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical and microbiological attributes in areas with different vegetation covers (mature forest, secondary forest, and sugar cane monoculture) and seasonal changes, and to compare the sensitivity of these attributes types (mycorrhizal, enzymatic, and carbon attributes) in response to changes in vegetation cover and season. Soil samplings were conducted over two years (one per semester, during the dry and wet periods of 2007 and 2008) in three types of areas: (I) mature forest; (II) secondary forest; and (III) sugar cane crop. The enzymatic activity of fluorescein diacetate, dehydrogenase, saccharase, basal carbon respiration, the carbon content of microbial biomass, the microbial coefficient, total and easily extracted glomalin soil-related proteins, mycorrhizal colonization, the number of glomerospores, total organic carbon, fulvic and humic acid content, and the fulvic/humic acid ratio were analyzed. In general, mycorrhizal parameters were more sensitive in distinguishing areas with different types of vegetation cover. Additionally, carbon stocks in areas of mature and secondary forest were higher compared to areas cultivated with sugar cane. The study reveals that mycorrhizal properties, such as root colonization and GRSP fractions, are more sensitive indicators of soil health than soil C attributes, providing a cost-effective alternative for evaluating soil health in the Atlantic Forest. The confirmed hypothesis supports the effectiveness of microbiological activity and C dynamics in discerning significant changes between sugar cane cultivation and forested areas. The study underscores the vital role of conserving forested areas, serving as crucial carbon reservoirs, and emphasizes the potential for enhanced sustainability through conservation practices and rapid soil function recovery in secondary forests within the Atlantic Forest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of multiple weathering indices of fine-grained river sediments as climate proxies in subtropical and tropical South China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geochemical and mineral compositions of river sediments are crucial for the understanding of continental weathering and climate changes in the past. Although fined-grained sediments were generally considered as reliable archives of past weathering history, the effectiveness of weathering indices and potential interference factors were rarely discussed seriously. This paper chooses modern river basins in subtropical–tropical South China to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple weathering indices of fine-grained fractions (&lt;31 μm) as climate indicators. Results show that the CIA (chemical index of alteration) and WIP (weathering index of Parker) values of fine-silt fractions (2–31 μm) deviate the weathering trend of the clay fraction due to mineral sorting and sediment recycling. Chemical weathering intensity of clay fractions in river sediments agrees with soil data and shows positive correlations with modern temperature and precipitation in South China. However, multiple weathering indices of clay minerals are weakly correlative to climatic parameters due to the influence of parent rocks. We conclude that elemental proxies of clay fractions in fluvial deposits can better record the present-day weathering conditions in South China. For reconstructing the past climate changes in those small regions, the CIA of clay fractions is the most reliable climate indicator.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}