Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-11-02DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2025.2579225
Frida Ilahi, Eva Hoff, Daiva Daukantaitė
{"title":"The Swedish version of the BRIEF2: psychometric properties and age- and gender-related differences in executive functioning across multiple informants.","authors":"Frida Ilahi, Eva Hoff, Daiva Daukantaitė","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2579225","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2579225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Second Edition (BRIEF2) across self-, parent-, and teacher-report forms in a gender- and age-balanced community sample of Swedish youth. We examined factor structure, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, measurement invariance, and age- and gender-related differences in behavioral executive functioning (EF). Participants included 1,257 adolescents (51.8% girls, aged 11-18) who completed the self-report version, 1,340 parents who completed parent reports on their children (46.7% girls, aged 5-18), and 38 teachers who provided teacher reports for 510 adolescents (58.4% girls, aged 13-18). Results supported the original three-factor model (Behavioral, Emotional, and Cognitive Regulation) across all informants, although model fit was somewhat weaker for teacher ratings. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to excellent. Measurement invariance across age and gender was largely supported, though some scalar non-invariance was observed. Patterns of age- and gender-related differences varied by informant. Specifically, adolescents reported more EF difficulties with increasing age, whereas parents and teachers reported fewer EF difficulties in older youth. Girls self-reported greater EF difficulties, while parents and teachers generally rated girls as having less difficulty - except in the domain of Emotional Control. However, all observed gender and age differences across informants were small in magnitude. Overall, the findings support the Swedish BRIEF2 as having solid psychometric properties across the self-, parent-, and teacher-report forms. However, minor structural inconsistencies, informant discrepancies, the small teacher sample, and signs of item redundancy suggest areas for future improvement and refinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"520-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasibility of the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) and its relationship to intellectual function in children and adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning: A Norwegian mental health study.","authors":"Geir Karlsen, Irene Bircow Elgen, Kristina Egge Døsen, Astri J Lundervold","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2570298","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2570298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous Performance Tests are commonly part of neuropsychological evaluations. This study investigates the feasibility and applicability of the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in a clinical paediatric mental health sample, focusing on children with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF; Full-Scale IQ [FSIQ] of 70-84). A total of 128 children and adolescents aged 6-15 years were assessed using the TOVA and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition (WISC-V), alongside parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms and evaluations of TOVA performance validity. 45% of the total sample met the criteria for BIF. The TOVA demonstrated high feasibility, evidenced by a 94% completion rate with no significant differences in test completion across groups. Children with BIF exhibited significantly more Commission Errors (CE), indicative of reduced inhibitory control, while sustained attention measures showed no significant differences. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that FSIQ accounted for a small but significant proportion of variance in CE scores, and minimal variance in sustained attention measures. These findings support the TOVA's applicability in clinical paediatric settings, including populations with BIF, yet underscore the necessity of considering intellectual functioning when interpreting inhibitory control metrics. The results emphasize the importance of developing normative data for the TOVA across a broad IQ range to enhance clinical decision-making in cognitively diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"466-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2025.2595075
Cristian Camilo Trujillo-Trujillo, Natalia Cadavid Ruiz, Juan P Sanabria-Mazo
{"title":"[Formula: see text] Effectiveness of executive function interventions in typically developing preschool children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cristian Camilo Trujillo-Trujillo, Natalia Cadavid Ruiz, Juan P Sanabria-Mazo","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2595075","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2595075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early interventions to enhance executive function (EF) have received growing attention; however, evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. To address this gap, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies evaluating such interventions in typically developing children aged 3 to 6 years. A database search conducted through January 2025 identified 35 eligible studies (randomized and non-randomized), including 2,367 participants in intervention groups and 1,928 in controls. Interventions comprised 27 cognitive-based, 7 multimodal, and 1 physical activity program. Seventeen randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis, examining inhibitory control, nonverbal working memory, and verbal working memory. Results showed small positive effects on verbal working memory (<i>d</i> = 0.13; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 18%) and inhibitory control (<i>d</i> = 0.10; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 88%), and an almost null effect on nonverbal working memory (<i>d</i> = 0.02; <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 86%). Although modest in magnitude, these patterns suggest domain-specific gains that may hold developmental relevance in preschool populations. The small effect sizes likely reflect the brief duration, methodological heterogeneity, and limited statistical power of the included studies, which were primarily conducted in non-clinical samples. Overall, these findings provide cautious yet informative evidence on the potential benefits of early EF interventions and underscore the need for larger, methodologically rigorous studies to identify which approaches yield consistent and meaningful improvements in early executive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"598-632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel OConnell, Andrew C Martinez, Melissa C Miller, Leanne Tamm, Jeffery N Epstein, Stephen P Becker
{"title":"Naming speed in children with and without cognitive disengagement syndrome and associations with reading comprehension.","authors":"Daniel OConnell, Andrew C Martinez, Melissa C Miller, Leanne Tamm, Jeffery N Epstein, Stephen P Becker","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2661061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2661061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested whether children with and without elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms differ in naming speed and explored whether naming speed moderates the association between CDS and reading achievement. Based on teacher ratings, participants were children with clinically elevated CDS (<i>n</i> = 107) and sex- and grade-matched peers without elevated CDS (<i>n</i> = 104). Teachers also completed ratings of ADHD inattentive symptoms, and children were administered the Rapid Automatized Naming and Rapid Alternating Stimulus (RAN/RAS) Tests, the Reading Comprehension subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Third Edition (WIAT-III), and the Processing Speed Index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). Children with elevated CDS symptoms had slower naming speed than their peers across most RAN/RAS Tests. Specifically, compared to children without CDS, children with elevated CDS had significantly lower scores in RAN Objects, RAN Numbers, RAN Letters, RAS 2-Set, and RAS 3-Set (<i>d</i>s = 0.31-0.50). Effects for RAN Numbers, RAN Letters, and RAS 3-Set were robust to control of family income, ADHD medication use, processing speed, and ADHD inattentive symptom severity. RAS 3-Set scores moderated the association between CDS and WIAT-III Reading Comprehension scores such that CDS status was associated with poorer reading comprehension performance only at low (slower) and mean naming speed performance but not at high (faster) performance. This study provides new evidence linking CDS to slower naming speed performance beyond demographic characteristics, processing speed, and ADHD symptoms. Findings suggest that naming speed may be deficient in children with CDS, which may exacerbate reading difficulties. Implications for assessment and intervention as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of different components of executive function in the relationship between body mass index and dynamic balance in obese and normal children.","authors":"Hanieh Bayat, Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2648703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2648703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with obesity commonly demonstrate impairments in both dynamic balance and executive functioning. This study aimed to compare executive function and dynamic balance in 8- to 11-year-old students categorized as normal weight, overweight, and obese. Given the bidirectional relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function, this study also examined whether working memory, attention, and inhibition mediated the association between BMI and dynamic balance. A total of 300 children (150 boys, 150 girls) aged 8 to 11 years participated. Dynamic balance was assessed using the modified Bass test, while cognitive functions were measured with the Stroop test (selective attention), Flanker test (inhibition), and N-back test (working memory). Data were analyzed via analysis of variance and regression analyses using SPSS 26, with significance set at <i>p</i> < .05. Results indicated that children with obesity demonstrated significantly weaker performance in executive functions and dynamic balance compared to their normal-weight peers. Regression analyses showed that working memory and inhibition significantly mediated the relationship between BMI and dynamic balance (<i>p</i> < .001), whereas attention did not exert a mediating effect (<i>p</i> = .288). These findings suggest that working memory and inhibition may play crucial roles in the link between dynamic balance and childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karin S Walsh, Johanna D Nielsen, Allison D Payne, Rebecca S Levitt, Meredith J Goyette, Kaitlyn Tiplady, Hannah Weisman, Samantha van Terheyden
{"title":"Associations between sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, and attention and learning disorders in youth with NF1.","authors":"Karin S Walsh, Johanna D Nielsen, Allison D Payne, Rebecca S Levitt, Meredith J Goyette, Kaitlyn Tiplady, Hannah Weisman, Samantha van Terheyden","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2647217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2647217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the prevalence and types of sleep disturbances and impairments in children with NF1 and their association with cognitive difficulties. An anonymous survey was conducted as part of a larger investigation into sleep disturbances and cognitive difficulties in NF1. The survey, distributed through the Children's Tumor Foundation NF Registry, included PROMIS Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment questionnaires and the Child and Adolescent Sleep Checklist (CASC) and comorbidities that may impact sleep. Sleep disturbance interferes with the quality of sleep, while sleep impairment is the resultant functional consequences of poor sleep. Data was collected from caregivers of children with NF1. A total of 202 parents participated. Sleep disturbances were reported in 60.4% of children, and sleep impairment in 42.6%. Children with comorbid ADHD had significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance (F2,199 = 10.40, <i>p</i> < .001, Eta2 = 0.10) and impairment (F(2,199) = 6.01, <i>p</i> < .003, Eta2 = 0.06) than those without ADHD. No significant differences were found based on sex, anxiety, or depression. Learning disorders were significantly associated with sleep impairment (F(2, 199) = 3.68, <i>p</i> = <.03, Eta2 = 0.04) but not with sleep disturbances. This study highlights the high prevalence of sleep disturbances and impairments in children with NF1, particularly among those with reported ADHD. These findings underscore the need for regular screening and multidisciplinary management of sleep problems in this population. Future research should include comparison groups to better understand these trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Objective assessment of academic performance using virtual reality and machine learning in early adolescents.","authors":"Mridula T V, Manivannan Muniyandi","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2026.2653548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2026.2653548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early identification of academic deficits facilitates timely and effective interventions that are essential for individual development and societal progress. Conventional assessment methods provide insights through demographic and prior academic records and subjective measures; however, there is an increasing demand for objective, ecologically valid indicators that reflect real-world learning processes. Extending these approaches to younger learners, particularly those aged 11-12 years, addresses critical research gaps. This study presents an exploratory investigation of a Virtual Reality (VR)-based academic assessment tool designed to capture behavioral and performance metrics from learners. A cohort of 120 typically developing students participated, with teacher evaluations serving as the ground truth. In addition to raw VR metrics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to derive latent cognitive dimensions that provided a structured representation of students' behavioral performance. Multiple machine-learning algorithms were tested to classify performance levels, with the Random Forest classifier achieving the highest accuracy of 95%. The findings demonstrate that VR-captured behavioral indicators have strong feasibility and predictive validity for educational assessment. The study also identifies a minimal, interpretable set of tasks and features that enhances practical deployment. These results provide foundational evidence for integrating VR-based assessment, latent cognitive factors, and ML methods to generate dynamic, ecologically valid insights and to support targeted early interventions for improved educational outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2025.2549017
Caitlyn J Cap, Rebecca Levitt, Samantha van Terheyden, Meredith J Goyette, Kaitlyn Tiplady, Karin S Walsh
{"title":"Unstuck and on target! for children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a feasibility and acceptability study.","authors":"Caitlyn J Cap, Rebecca Levitt, Samantha van Terheyden, Meredith J Goyette, Kaitlyn Tiplady, Karin S Walsh","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2549017","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2549017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) experience significant executive dysfunction interfering with outcomes across the lifespan. To date, there have been limited interventions targeting executive function impairments, and even less explored within the NF1 population. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if an existing executive functioning intervention, <i>Unstuck and On Target! (UOT)</i>, is a feasible and acceptable intervention for children with NF1. Participants were four children with NF1 (75% male; 75% Caucasian) between the ages of 9 to 12 years and their parents. Participants engaged in 20 weekly group sessions of UOT over the course of five months. Attendance rates and satisfaction ratings were primary outcomes. Attendance was >95% and attrition was null. Parent feedback and satisfaction ratings were overwhelmingly positive. In the first study of its kind, the results suggest that UOT is a feasible and acceptable cognitive intervention for children with NF1. Future development of Phase II/III studies of UOT to examine treatment dose and efficacy is supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"431-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2025.2559896
William A Piña-Anastasiadis, Liz O'Laughlin
{"title":"The clinical utility of the BRIEF2 <i>ERI</i> in detecting comorbid conditions associated with ADHD: a retrospective cohort analysis of clinically referred school-aged children.","authors":"William A Piña-Anastasiadis, Liz O'Laughlin","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2559896","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2559896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) meet the criteria for at least one comorbid diagnosis. Prior literature has suggested that the assessment of emotion regulation may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of ADHD comorbidity. Thus, a primary goal of this study was to examine the clinical utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2) <i>Emotion Regulation Index (ERI)</i> in detecting symptoms commonly comorbid with ADHD (i.e. disruptive and internalizing behaviors). This study also considered the extent to which the <i>ERI</i> may contribute to the overall detection of ADHD and comorbid symptoms, as compared to the BRIEF2 <i>Behavior Regulation Index (BRI)</i> and <i>Cognitive Regulation Index (CRI)</i>. Archival data representing 211 male (<i>n</i> = 151) and female (<i>n</i> = 60) children ages 5 to 12 (<i>M</i> = 8.00, <i>SD</i> = 1.63) seen through a university-based ADHD Evaluation Clinic were used. Parent and teacher ratings were analyzed separately. Results revealed that the BRIEF2 <i>ERI</i> reliably detected the presence of ADHD comorbid symptomatology across informants. However, unlike select findings from the <i>BRI</i> and <i>CRI</i>, the <i>ERI</i> and its associated clinical scales did not differentiate between types of comorbidities. Overall, current data suggests that the <i>ERI</i> may make only a small contribution beyond what is already explained by the other two indexes on the BRIEF2 in the assessment of ADHD comorbidity. Nonetheless, from a transdiagnostic perspective, the BRIEF2 <i>ERI</i> clinical scales may provide helpful information for clinicians to help guide assessment and treatment recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"353-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Child NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2025.2558752
Masoumeh Hosseinpour Fatmehsari, Setareh Mokhtari
{"title":"Near and far transfer of stepwise cognitive training of visuoperceptual organization abilities in children.","authors":"Masoumeh Hosseinpour Fatmehsari, Setareh Mokhtari","doi":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2558752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09297049.2025.2558752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering that the early school year are critical for the development of visuoperceptual organization skills, we investigated the effect of stepwise training in perceptual strategies using drawing-based materials on children's perceptual and constructional performance. Forty-four children (24 girls), aged 6.5 to 9 years (<i>M</i> = 7.34; <i>SD</i> = 0.64), were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group (<i>N</i> = 22 per group). All participants completed the Bender Visual- Motor Gestalt Test - II (a graphomotor test of perceptual organization) and the Block Design test (a measure of constructional ability) before and after the training. The experimental group received the stepwise training on copying of the Rey- Osterrieth Complex Figure, while the control group received drawing materials without any instructions. The study employed a 2 (Group: Experimental, Control; between-subject) × 2 (Phase: Pretest, Posttest; within-subject) design. After controlling for the pretest scores, results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on both tasks. No effects of age or gender were detected. We suggest that perceptual organization and planning skills promoted by our training contributed to the enhanced performance. Given the varying degree of similarity between each task and the training materials, we proposed that both near and far transfer of skills acquired through visuoperceptual organization training can occur in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9789,"journal":{"name":"Child Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"332-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}