Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献

{"title":"Achieving efficient photo-enzyme coupling via a novel diketone derivative to expand the scope of enzyme action","authors":"Wentao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Dong ,&nbsp;Yifan Yu ,&nbsp;Degui Gao ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenguang Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Cheng ,&nbsp;Lele Peng ,&nbsp;Bingdang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel visible light‑responsive diketone derivative, 3‑terphthalic acid azoacetylacetone (BDC‑AA), designed to extend fungal laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) catalytic activity. Experimental results show that BDC‑AA binds specifically to laccase's substrate binding pocket, enabling efficient electron transfer from the molecule's photoexcited state to the enzyme's T1Cu center. This interaction significantly promotes the oxidation of otherwise non‑native substrates, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under visible light irradiation. Molecular docking, fluorescence quenching, and circular dichroism analyses reveal the structural basis of the BDC‑AA–laccase complex, confirming the stability and enhanced electron transfer efficiency. The combined system operates without additional sacrificial agents or cofactors, highlighting a promising avenue for green biocatalysis and environmental remediation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of TiO2-poloxamer stabilized Pickering emulsions for the photocatalytic degradation of 4-propylbenzoic acid","authors":"Zygimantas Gricius,&nbsp;Cippora Magagnin,&nbsp;Adriana Mina,&nbsp;Gisle Øye","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic contaminants in wastewater, including dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical waste, pose significant environmental and health hazards. Photocatalysis has emerged as a cost-effective method capable of degrading pollutants with nanoparticles like titania. Among approaches to optimize photocatalytic titania in wastewater treatment, Pickering emulsions have shown great promise. Non-ionic surfactants like tri-block poloxamers promote nanoparticle adsorption to the oil-water interface by altering their wetting properties. The study addressed two objectives: balancing emulsion stability with high photodegradation rates and identifying the degradation products and pathways of 4-propylbenzoic acid to assess the toxicity of the intermediate products.</div><div>Five poloxamers (P84, F127, F108, F68, PEG8000) with varying hydrophilicity and chain lengths were selected. Adsorption studies showed increased adsorption with higher molecular weight and 2PEO/PPO ratio, with F68 achieving the highest adsorption due to its intermediate chain length and small PPO block. Emulsion stability tests revealed that TiO2-F68, F127, and F108 emulsions were resistant to pH and salinity changes, while P84 emulsions coalesced at high salinity due to poor adsorption and lack of electrostatic stabilization.</div><div>Photocatalytic experiments using 4-propylbenzoic acid (4-pb) as a model pollutant showed that poloxamer chain length influenced degradation rates, with longer chains introducing diffusion limitations for analyte adsorption on TiO2. TiO2-F127 emulsions achieved the best balance of high stability and effective photocatalytic activity. Demulsification during photodegradation was linked to degradation of the adsorbed poloxamer layer. Analysis of 4-pb degradation products revealed pathways involving hydroxylation and alkyl chain termination. Complete mineralization was found to be necessary to mitigate the toxicity of intermediate products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of molecular dynamics in nanomaterial design and characterization - A review","authors":"Md. Aminul Islam ,&nbsp;S M Maksudur Rahman ,&nbsp;Juhi Jannat Mim ,&nbsp;Safiullah Khan ,&nbsp;Fardin Khan ,&nbsp;Md. Ahadul Islam Patwary ,&nbsp;Nayem Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become game changers in nanomaterial research, providing detailed understanding of how materials behave, are designed, or characterized at the atomic scale. In addition, MD is a powerful method for predicting mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties of nanomaterials in different environments. The aim includes but is not limited to fundamental concepts, state-of-the-art developments, and the use of MD in conjunction with machine learning and quantum mechanics. Herein, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of the contributions of MD to the engineering of nanomaterial properties for catalytic, energy storage, drug delivery and other applications. Using a comprehensive review of literature this review underscores the ability of MD simulation to capture complex phenomena for example, phase transitions, molecular interactions and surface changes. The major strengths of MD (such as intricate modeling of atomic interactions) and weaknesses (e.g., computational needs and experimental validation issues) are highlighted by critical analysis. Recent advances, such as improved multiscale modeling and computational algorithms and real-time simulations, shed light onto MD processes of revolutionizing nanotechnology. In conclusion, the present review highlights the critical role assigned to MD simulations to foster the development of nanosized materials, connecting experimental and theoretical efforts. The MD community is urged to merge their field with emerging technologies, whereby existing issues can be surmounted and innovations towards the design of sustainable, high-performance materials can take place. It is the ultimate \"reference work\" for those who would like to harness the power that MD has for the future of nanotechnology and showcases unique applications of MD that may revolutionize both science and industry. This review summarizes the latest innovations in MD simulations, ranging from integration of artificial intelligence and real−time modeling to emerging applications in drug delivery, catalysis, and sustainable materials design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced in situ remediation of naphthalene-contaminated soil by alkaline activated persulfate using acetonitrile as assistant solvent","authors":"Tingting Lv ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Ruihai Li ,&nbsp;Chengliang Yang ,&nbsp;Ding Li ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the advanced oxidation process based on persulfate (PS) is an attractive approach due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness, the difficult degradability and low solubility of naphthalene (NAP) hinder its practical application for in situ chemical remediation of contaminated sites. Herein, this study reported that alkaline activated PS with acetonitrile (ACN) as assistant solvent for in-situ remediation of NAP contaminated soils to improve the removal efficiency. The results showed that the degradation rate of NAP in contaminated soil was up to 36.7 % on the 1st day in the presence of C_PS = 382 mmol L^-1, and pH = 12, which was significantly higher than the NAP removal rate without the addition of ACN (8.6 %) under the same conditions. This indicated that the addition of ACN promoted the solubility of organic pollutants in the liquid phase and improved its degradation efficiency. The NAP removal rate (the 21st day) was up to 97.5 %. ESR tests and free radical quenching experiments indicated that SO₄^•−, ·OH and ¹O₂ were the dominant active species. The degradation mechanism of NAP mainly involved hydroxylation, decarboxylation, and ring opening reactions. The toxicity assessment using the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) and bioluminescent bacteria assays showed that NAP could eventually be degraded into less toxic degradation intermediates. In summary, this study confirmed the suitability of ACN enhanced alkaline activated PS system for the degradation of organic pollutants and provided some new ideas for the in situ large-scale remediation of organic contaminated sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance modelling of intermediate temperature solid oxide cells applied as electrochemical air separation unit","authors":"Fiammetta Rita Bianchi,&nbsp;Barbara Bosio","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen production is a highly energy-consuming process, above all at the required purity increase. The state-of-the-art application consists of cryogenic distillation widely used for a high production scale, while the adsorption and polymeric membrane technologies are more convenient for low demands without reaching the performance of the first yet. Solid oxide cells are a promising alternative since the performance in terms of the energy demand and the purity degree is independent from the system capacity, making them suitable for several application fields. Nevertheless, the technology readiness level is still too low for commercial use, requiring further improvements on material performance and durability, cell design and process management. Performing a detailed multiscale feasibility analysis, the work discusses the use of planar stacked cells working at intermediate temperatures and atmospheric pressure. High-performing co-doped double perovskite electrodes allow for optimising the separation kinetics. At the air side, the molecular oxygen dissociates through an externally applied potential into ions that migrate inside a highly anionic conductive electrolyte and reconvert to O₂ at the pure oxygen side.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction strategies in biogas upgrading and biomethane production","authors":"Rahul Biswas ,&nbsp;Vafa Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Raghunandan Ummethala ,&nbsp;Md Salatul Islam Mozumder ,&nbsp;Nabin Aryal","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogas upgrading technologies play a crucial role in purifying methane (CH₄), employing advanced processes to produce biomethane that meets natural gas grid-quality standards. Extensive research has been conducted on these technologies to maximize CH₄ content, the primary energy component in biogas, thereby enhancing its overall energy value and suitability for a variety of applications. This comprehensive review investigates emerging advances in electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction technologies, with a special emphasis on their application in converting CO₂ in biogas to biomethane. The study provides a critical analysis of the state of the art and potential future directions in this field, covering multiple aspects such as electrochemical reactors, catalyst development, electrode materials, operational conditions, understanding the mechanism, selectivity, sustainability assessments, and upscaling possibilities. Further, the performance of this biogas upgrading strategy under various operating conditions, especially fed batch and continuous mode, in conjunction with the innovative cathode materials, has been thoroughly evaluated and reviewed. The electrodes used conventionally in electrochemical CO₂ reduction for biogas upgrading include carbon-based materials such as carbon cloth, carbon paper, graphite rod, and carbon nanotubes, concurrently with metal electrodes like stainless-steel, titanium and copper (Cu). Albeit, gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), Cu based electrodes such as Cu nanowires and nafion modified electrodes in continuous flow cell type reactors have demonstrated better performance in achieving higher current densities, supplying electrons for enhancement of CO₂ reduction to CH₄.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the digital extraction column: Online-monitoring and analysis of fluid dynamics in liquid-liquid extraction columns","authors":"Andreas Palmtag,&nbsp;Lorenz Lehmann,&nbsp;Leon Rojas Hanz,&nbsp;Uliana Kiseleva,&nbsp;Andreas Jupke","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective monitoring system for liquid-liquid extraction columns must evaluate key fluid dynamic properties such as Sauter mean diameter, the hold-up of the dispersed phase, and the drop sedimentation velocity to accurately estimate the available mass transfer area and the solvent residence time. However, while many studies have focused on investigating the hold-up and the drop size distribution (DSD) studies on drop sedimentation remain scarce, often leading to its estimation based on the remaining fluid dynamic properties. In this work, we introduce a column monitoring system that enables a holistic assessment of the column operation based on all three fluid dynamic properties. For this purpose, we used the differential pressure method to determine the hold-up, and two telecentric camera setups to determine the Sauter mean diameter, and the drop sedimentation velocity. The camera images were processed by YOLOv8 for drop detection and the ByteTrack algorithm for drop tracking, achieving high accuracy on unseen data. In an extensive experimental study, we investigated the interdependency of the fluid dynamic properties at different operating conditions including flooding in a DN50 pulsed sieve tray extraction column. The obtained experimental data was used to parametrize a drop sedimentation model. Our findings indicate that assuming a constant swarm exponent in the model is inadequate, particularly at lower liquid loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical chain reaction of methyltrichlorosilane with hydrogen and its role in chemical vapor deposition of stoichiometric SiC films","authors":"Hao-Chen Liu,&nbsp;Guan-Hong Chou,&nbsp;Bo-Sheng Lee,&nbsp;Yu-Hsun Cheng,&nbsp;Jyh-Chiang Jiang,&nbsp;Lu-Sheng Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of hydrogen (H₂) in reaction with methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) in a hot-wall tubular chemical vapor deposition reactor to form stoichiometric SiC films was elucidated for the first time. Deposition experiments conducted at 1273 K showed that increasing the [H₂]/[MTS] concentration ratio from 2.5 to 18.2 accelerates the film growth rate by 22 %. Kinetic analysis of the film growth rate profile along the gas flow direction in a tubular reactor revealed a stepwise reaction mechanism in which MTS and H₂ form at least two consecutive intermediate species contributing to the film growth. By employing density functional theory calculations to compare the energy barriers of plausible reaction pathways with the experimental activation energy values derived from film growth rate data, we found that the first step of the stepwise reaction is most plausibly the gas-phase reaction of MTS, which dissociates HCl to form 1,1-dichlorosilaethylene (CH₂SiCl₂) as the first intermediate species to correspond a sticking probability of 4.6 × 10^–4. Subsequently, CH₂SiCl₂ initiates a radical chain reaction with H₂ to produce CH₂SiCl· as the second intermediate species. This radial species exhibits a higher sticking probability of 5.1 × 10^–2 and is responsible for the increased film growth rate at high H₂ concentrations. Most importantly, both intermediate species maintain a Si to C atomic ratio of 1:1, thereby facilitating the deposition of stoichiometric SiC films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption and molecular transformation mechanisms of mercury sulfide on mackinawite surfaces: A DFT-D3 study","authors":"Fayang Guo ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Mao ,&nbsp;Yinchuan Li ,&nbsp;Shunlin Tang ,&nbsp;Mingshi Wang ,&nbsp;Mingfei Xing ,&nbsp;Fengcheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Huang ,&nbsp;Xingmin Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mackinawite (FeS), a common metallic sulfide mineral, plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and mobility of mercury sulfide (HgS) in the environment. However, molecular-level insights into HgS interactions with FeS surfaces are currently limited. This study used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate HgS adsorption and transformation on FeS (001), FeS (011), and FeS (111) surfaces, including their defect surfaces. Bonding characteristics were analyzed using electron density difference, Bader charge, projected density of states (PDOS), and crystal orbital bonding index (COBI). HgS adsorption capacity on FeS surfaces is determined by surface reactivity in the order FeS (011) &gt; FeS (111) &gt; FeS (001). Additionally, S-defective FeS (001) and FeS (111) surfaces demonstrate enhanced HgS adsorption compared to Fe-defective surfaces. A potential risk of Hg release from HgS exists on FeS (001) and FeS (111) surfaces compared to FeS (011) surfaces. The dissociation of HgS molecules can be more stably adsorbed on the FeS (011) surface rather than releasing Hg. This study enriches the understanding of HgS adsorption and transformation on metal sulfides, shedding light on the microscopic cycling of HgS in soil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D electrode surface engineering via atomic layer deposition of nickel oxide for improved water oxidation performance","authors":"Sina Haghverdi Khamene ,&nbsp;Mariadriana Creatore ,&nbsp;Mihalis N. Tsampas","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-based electrodes are widely recognized for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet further advancements in surface engineering of these electrodes are essential to fully unlock their catalytic potential. This study explores the electrocatalytic performance of several topologies of 3D-structured nickel electrodes decorated by atomic layer deposited (ALD) NiO films for water oxidation. While pristine Ni electrodes already exhibit good performance due to their 3D structure, their native NiO layer is limited by its fixed thickness, chemical composition, and crystallinity. Adopting ALD for surface modification allows to unravel the role of these properties on the OER performance and electrochemical activation. Among the investigated structures in this work, the 3D Ni electrode based on regularly shaped pillars and holes (Ni Veco), stands out as the most promising OER electrocatalyst, both in its pristine state and after ALD NiO modification, surpassing the performance of Ni felt and Ni foam. Moreover, the presence of ALD NiO is demonstrated to significantly alter the surface chemistry and surface energy of Ni electrodes, leading to a notable enhancement of the OER performance. Upon electrochemical activation, thermal and plasma-assisted ALD NiO on Ni Veco demonstrated overpotentials of 470 and 560 mV, respectively, at 500 mA·cm^-2, outperforming pristine Ni Veco (640 mV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}