Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献

{"title":"Gas-phase flow-through photocatalysis using wirelessly anodized WO3 nanoporous layers on Tungsten 3D meshes produced by extrusion-based additive manufacturing","authors":"Marcela Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;Michal Baudys ,&nbsp;Carolina Oliver-Urrutia ,&nbsp;Veronika Cicmancova ,&nbsp;Jhonatan Rodriguez-Pereira ,&nbsp;Ludek Hromadko ,&nbsp;Hanna Sopha ,&nbsp;Edgar B. Montufar ,&nbsp;Ladislav Celko ,&nbsp;Josef Krysa ,&nbsp;Jan M. Macak","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, hierarchically porous 3D W meshes were fabricated via extrusion-based additive manufacturing, using commercially pure W powder as feedstock. These mechanically robust structures exhibit high porosity and an effective surface area of approximately 60 cm², making them highly promising for gas-phase photocatalysis. Wireless anodization via bipolar electrochemistry was successfully applied to form nanoporous WO₃ layers on the 3D meshes, for the first time. These meshes were then employed for photocatalytic acetaldehyde degradation in a flow-through reactor designed according to ISO standards. Compared with thermally grown WO₃ layers on identical 3D W meshes, the nanoporous WO₃ layers showed superior performance due to their larger surface area, achieving ∼7% acetaldehyde conversion and a mineralization rate of ∼93%, indicating that nearly all removed acetaldehyde was fully mineralized. These findings highlight the potential of anodized 3D W meshes for innovative applications in flow-through photocatalytic reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature NH3-SCO over CuOx/Al2O3 enhanced by precursor-derived Cl-bonded Cu species","authors":"Yujing Ji ,&nbsp;Jichuang Wu ,&nbsp;Byeong Jun Cha ,&nbsp;Young Dok Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Ook Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined how the choice of copper precursor influences the catalytic performance of CuO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared via impregnation. Four types of catalysts were synthesized using different copper precursors: copper acetylacetonate, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, and copper chloride. Their catalytic activity in NH₃ oxidation was evaluated alongside their structures and surface properties to elucidate the relationships between precursor selection, surface species formation, and catalytic performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) revealed the formation of distinct surface species originating from different anionic components of precursors. Particularly, surface Cl-bonded Cu species such as CuCl₂ from copper chloride markedly enhanced the catalytic activity, while the CuSO₄ species formedi with copper sulfate precursor significantly reduced the activity. The catalyst prepared with an optimal amount of copper chloride precursor achieved 100 % NH₃ conversion over a broad temperature range (230–360 °C). Furthermore, it maintained complete NH₃ removal at 250 °C for 510 min, with N₂ selectivity exceeding 70 %. New Cl-bonded Cu species such as Cu₂(OH)₃Cl species was formed upon prolonged annealing at 600 °C, which promoted NH₃ oxidation at low temperatures (&lt; 160 °C). These findings highlight the crucial role of precursor-derived surface species, particularly the promotional effect of Cl-bonded Cu species, in enhancing the NH₃-SCO activity of CuO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key role of dialysis membranes for the enzyme utilization and reactor productivity in sustainable aldol synthesis of l-phenylserine","authors":"Lucie Vobecká ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Slouka ,&nbsp;Pavel Izák ,&nbsp;Michal Přibyl","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid deactivation of free enzymes, often occurring at liquid-liquid interfaces, represents a significant challenge limiting the commercialization of many enzymatic reactions. Potential solutions, such as enzyme or reaction mixture modifications, typically need to be tailored to each specific reaction system. Here, we propose a universal approach to protect the enzyme from direct contact with liquid-liquid interfaces. This approach employs dialysis membranes, which create a solid but permeable interface between aqueous and organic phases. We tested this concept, implemented into both batch and semi-continuous milli-reactors, on aldol synthesis of <span>l-</span>phenylserine (LPS) diastereoisomers using an enzyme <span>l-</span>threonine aldolase in an aqueous solution, with glycine and benzaldehyde as substrates. Integrating a dialysis membrane into a semi-continuous milli-reactor preserved enzyme activity for over three days, in contrast to rapid deactivation observed when the aqueous reaction mixture was in direct contact with the benzaldehyde phase. Furthermore, employing a dialysis membrane in the batch reactor led to a substantial increase in LPS concentration (101 mM vs. 64 mM) and glycine utilization (14.5% vs. 8.5%) compared to systems with direct phase contact. The choice between a batch or semi-continuous membrane milli-reactor depends on specific requirements for enzyme stability and product concentration. Notably, the scalable semi-continuous membrane process provides industrially relevant productivity. These findings underscore the potential of membrane-assisted processes to facilitate scalable and sustainable enzymatic synthesis of chiral compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100857"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synthesis of two-dimensional AuPFs/MXene nanofilm exhibiting synergistic enzymatic activity","authors":"Bassam Saif,&nbsp;Alfred Addo-Mensah","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes are increasingly used in biocatalytic reactions. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate well-defined MXenes with high catalytic activity, easy large-scale production, and high stability. Herein, for the first time, we describe a facile large-scale approach to produce a novel multi-nanozyme platform by the integration of an artificial enzyme (Au-protein self-assembly films) with 2D MXene layers (denoted as 2D MXFs) which act as biocatalysts and nanoreactors. Importantly, it is found that 2D MXFs possesses impressive biocatalytic cascade properties with both high catalytic activity and excellent stability. Specifically, the 2D MXFs exhibit a high H₂O₂ affinity, resulting in a 483- and 2.6-fold increase of catalytic activity compared with that of classical 2D MXene nanozymes and natural horseradish peroxidase, respectively. The present large-scale biomimetic strategy could represent a simple and valuable structure design and synthesis of 2D bioinspired catalytic systems to overcome the limits of 2D MXene layers for efficient biomimetic catalysis and their promising uses in different areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100858"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD approaches in microfluidics for the development of polymeric, lipid-based and inorganic nanoparticles for drug delivery","authors":"Anna Tsitouridou ,&nbsp;Maryam Parhizkar ,&nbsp;Chuan-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Tsaoulidis","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfluidics is an innovative approach for manufacturing nanoparticles in a precise and controllable manner. However, the experimental optimization of microfluidic nanoparticle fabrication faces challenges related to the intricate interplay of various process parameters within the microscale environment. The integration of experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers a synergistic approach that allows the researchers to validate and optimize theoretical models with real-world experimental models, enhancing the precision of nanoparticle synthesis and facilitating the design of more efficient microfluidic systems. This review provides a critical analysis of the current state of knowledge on recent advances of numerical investigations for nanoparticle synthesis using microfluidic-based methods. In particular, an overview of CFD assisted studies for microfluidic production of nanoparticles is presented, whilst their advantages and limitations are discussed. The importance of numerical modelling using CFD on the understanding of droplet generation, mixing and reaction mechanisms and how these phenomena are associated with nanoparticle nucleation and growth are highlighted. Different microfluidic-based approaches to produce uniform nanoparticles are presented and the most promising techniques are identified and discussed in detail. Both passive and active mixing microfluidic strategies are considered, highlighting their impact on nanoparticle formation. A comparative study of experimental and numerical approaches is performed to provide a better understanding of the droplet breakup mechanisms and the influence of physicochemical parameters on the size and shape of the produced nanoparticles. The review confirms that adoption of CFD simulations can be beneficial to identify critical flow conditions and reaction zones, which are essential for controlling the synthesis of nanoparticles. Finally, by systematically integrating CFD with experimentation, it will be possible to translate microfluidic nanoparticle synthesis into scalable and industrially viable technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical factors governing growth of nutraceutical Chlorella sorokiniana on thermal hydrolysate of poultry processing waste","authors":"Edward T. Drabold ,&nbsp;Melissa Boersma ,&nbsp;Saravanan R. Shanmugam ,&nbsp;Qichen Wang ,&nbsp;Wellington Arthur ,&nbsp;Marko Rudar ,&nbsp;Brendan T. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing poultry processing industry generates large quantities of meat byproducts and wastes. Many of these wastes are currently land applied because they contain high water content, leading to putrid odors that impact nearby communities. Herein, we developed a process to valorize this waste: thermal hydrolysis followed by cultivation of nutraceutical <em>Chlorella</em> on the resulting aqueous phase. We investigated the impact of two solids loading levels (7% and 25% w/v) into thermal hydrolysis and their respective impacts on downstream <em>Chlorella</em> growth and toxicity. It was found that solids loading was a powerful governing factor in the growth of <em>Chlorella</em>: lower solids loading (7%¦w/v) led to robust algae growth without hydrolysate dilution (&gt;2.2 g/L in 4 days) while higher solids loading (25%¦w/v) led to complete growth inhibition that could not be undone with eightfold dilution. Because high solids loading is economically attractive, non-targeted LC/MS-MS and dose-response assays were used to identify molecules that likely contributed to toxicity. Aldehydes, such as phthalaldehyde, present at 1.9 mg/L in the 25% hydrolysate, were identified for the first time in aqueous phase and found to contribute to the observed toxicity. This work makes important progress in our understanding of chemical toxicity in hydrothermally treated aqueous phases and establishes solids loading as a major governing parameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic hybrid polyion complexes as pH-tunable precursors for prussian blue analog nanoparticles","authors":"Liming Peng ,&nbsp;Larysa Kunytska ,&nbsp;Alona Dobrovolska ,&nbsp;Izabela Kurowska ,&nbsp;Olivier Coutelier ,&nbsp;Mathias Destarac ,&nbsp;Christophe Mingotaud ,&nbsp;Nancy Lauth-de Viguerie ,&nbsp;Florence Benoît-Marquié ,&nbsp;Jean-Daniel Marty","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid polyion complexes (HPICs), arising from the complexation of double hydrophilic block copolymers with copper(II) ions in aqueous media, constitute versatile precursors for the controlled synthesis of Prussian blue analog nanoparticles upon addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆]. Particular attention is devoted to polyvinylamine-based copolymers, whose pendant amine groups exhibit a pronounced affinity toward copper ions, an interaction readily modulated through pH adjustment. In the present study, HPICs were generated from poly(<em>N,N</em>-dimethylacrylamide)-b-polyvinylamine and copper(II) ions, and subsequently exploited as nanoreactors for the pH-regulated formation of Prussian blue analog nanoparticles. The controlled release of copper ions from the HPIC matrix, triggered by pH variations, enables precise regulation of their reactivity with potassium ferricyanide. This approach affords access to Prussian blue nanoparticles with well-defined, tunable dimensions, highlighting HPICs as promising platforms for the design of functional nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determination of nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in urea synthesis using gamma radiation technique and comparison with oscillation technique","authors":"S.Z. Islami rad ,&nbsp;R. Gholipour Peyvandi","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate ratio control of the components in the urea synthesis section plays a crucial role in achieving stable and efficient operation of the urea process. Additionally, obtaining the optimum yield of urea in the stripping urea process requires the reactants to be present at a specific ratio, known as the N/C ratio. In this study, the gamma radiation technique was employed to measure the density of urea, which has a linear relationship with the N/C ratio. In this technique, a ¹³⁷Cs source and a NaI(Tl) detector were positioned on opposite sides of the outlet pipe to measure the density of urea under processing conditions. The measurements were conducted with an accuracy of better than 0.5 % at 2σ. The NC meter was capable of measuring a density range between 500 kg/m³ and 2000 kg/m³. The measured results were compared with data acquired using the oscillation technique, showing a strong agreement between the two methods. Consequently, the gamma radiation technique demonstrates superior advantages over the oscillation technique and other methods due to its non-contact, non-invasive, non-destructive, online, cost-effective, and real-time characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase composition or material morphology, which one plays the pioneering role in promoting microwave absorption and hyperthermia","authors":"Zahra Peymaneh ,&nbsp;Somayeh Sheykhmoradi ,&nbsp;Zahra Nezafat ,&nbsp;Arezoo Ghaffari ,&nbsp;Vahid Mirkhan ,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Ghorbanian-Gezaforodi ,&nbsp;Reza Peymanfar","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morphology and phase control have enabled better tuning of microwave absorbing, hyperthermia, and optical characteristics. The phase and morphology of materials determine fundamental factors, including permeability, permittivity, impedance matching, magnetic properties, and optical performance. The nature of each phase individually determines microwave absorption performance based on its permeability and permittivity. Meanwhile, nucleated phases and their modification, based on intrinsic characteristics, as well as size and morphology properties, by improving polarization-relaxation loss, magnetic properties, impedance matching, metamaterial characteristics, multiple reflections and scatterings, microcurrents, and conductive networks, pave the way for microwave attenuation. In the hyperthermia scenario, the crystalline phase offers pioneering magnetic performances such as saturation magnetization and coercivity; on the other hand, the morphology based on the Snoek limit and regulated spin pinning, crystal defect, and unsaturated coordinate states suggests the magnetic characteristics and optimizes the hyperthermia performance. Optimizing these features can significantly improve microwave absorption and hyperthermia performance. Here, the morphology of the CuFe₂O₄ structure was manipulated, and various crystalline phases, including Cu, CuO, Fe₂O₃, and Fe₃O₄, were loaded into the structure using innovative precursors and synthetic routes. To fabricate the final composite, polyethersulfone (PES) was used as a polarizable microwave-absorbing medium, thereby regulating the microwave absorption and shielding performance. The phase-modified sample (Fe₂O₃/CuO/PES) demonstrated the highest reflection loss (RL) of -95.43 dB at 25.35 GHz and an effective bandwidth of 3.24 GHz, with a thickness of 1.95 mm. Particularly, morphology-modified CuFe₂O₄/PES covered the k-band with a thickness ranging from 0.35 to 0.75 mm. The radar cross sections (RCS) results demonstrated that the phase and morphology modification promoted the cloaking capability of the samples. An impressive RCS reduction of 37.61 dBm² was achieved at an angle of 33 degrees. More importantly, the architected samples demonstrated considerable electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and specific absorption rate in hyperthermia therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic field aligned carbon nanotube networks for structurally optimized cathodes catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells","authors":"Won-Jong Choi ,&nbsp;Inku Kang ,&nbsp;Eun-Sun Oh ,&nbsp;Wonjong Kim ,&nbsp;Yunseo Choe ,&nbsp;Yongsil Kim ,&nbsp;Sang Jun Yoon ,&nbsp;Duk Man Yu ,&nbsp;Soonyong So ,&nbsp;Keun-Hwan Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxygen diffusion resistance and inefficient water removal in conventional cathode catalyst layers (CLs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) restrict their performance at high current densities despite the presence of large pores in the cathode CL. To resolve these issues, a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)-coated CNT-Fe₃O₄ (PSS@CNT-Fe₃O₄) was introduced for preventing agglomeration and facilitating precise pore control under a magnetic field. This study investigated the effect of the orientation of the magnetic field on the drying position of PSS@CNT-Fe₃O₄ and its impact on the performance of the cathode CL. A CL dried under a bidirectional magnetic field applied from both the top and bottom achieved the highest performance in the high current density region (2.0 A cm^–2 at 0.4 V). This improvement was attributed to the continuous distribution of pores in the cathode CL, with no ionomer imbalance. In contrast, the ionomer and catalyst became unevenly distributed when the CL was dried with a magnetic field applied from just one direction (either top or bottom), thereby resulting in reduced performance: 1.54 A cm^–2 at 0.4 V (bottom) and 1.87 A cm^–2 at 0.4 V (top). These findings suggest the potential of the proposed approach for enhancing the mass transport efficiency of cathode CLs for PEMFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}