Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献

{"title":"Performance modelling of intermediate temperature solid oxide cells applied as electrochemical air separation unit","authors":"Fiammetta Rita Bianchi,&nbsp;Barbara Bosio","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen production is a highly energy-consuming process, above all at the required purity increase. The state-of-the-art application consists of cryogenic distillation widely used for a high production scale, while the adsorption and polymeric membrane technologies are more convenient for low demands without reaching the performance of the first yet. Solid oxide cells are a promising alternative since the performance in terms of the energy demand and the purity degree is independent from the system capacity, making them suitable for several application fields. Nevertheless, the technology readiness level is still too low for commercial use, requiring further improvements on material performance and durability, cell design and process management. Performing a detailed multiscale feasibility analysis, the work discusses the use of planar stacked cells working at intermediate temperatures and atmospheric pressure. High-performing co-doped double perovskite electrodes allow for optimising the separation kinetics. At the air side, the molecular oxygen dissociates through an externally applied potential into ions that migrate inside a highly anionic conductive electrolyte and reconvert to O₂ at the pure oxygen side.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction strategies in biogas upgrading and biomethane production","authors":"Rahul Biswas ,&nbsp;Vafa Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Raghunandan Ummethala ,&nbsp;Md Salatul Islam Mozumder ,&nbsp;Nabin Aryal","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogas upgrading technologies play a crucial role in purifying methane (CH₄), employing advanced processes to produce biomethane that meets natural gas grid-quality standards. Extensive research has been conducted on these technologies to maximize CH₄ content, the primary energy component in biogas, thereby enhancing its overall energy value and suitability for a variety of applications. This comprehensive review investigates emerging advances in electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction technologies, with a special emphasis on their application in converting CO₂ in biogas to biomethane. The study provides a critical analysis of the state of the art and potential future directions in this field, covering multiple aspects such as electrochemical reactors, catalyst development, electrode materials, operational conditions, understanding the mechanism, selectivity, sustainability assessments, and upscaling possibilities. Further, the performance of this biogas upgrading strategy under various operating conditions, especially fed batch and continuous mode, in conjunction with the innovative cathode materials, has been thoroughly evaluated and reviewed. The electrodes used conventionally in electrochemical CO₂ reduction for biogas upgrading include carbon-based materials such as carbon cloth, carbon paper, graphite rod, and carbon nanotubes, concurrently with metal electrodes like stainless-steel, titanium and copper (Cu). Albeit, gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), Cu based electrodes such as Cu nanowires and nafion modified electrodes in continuous flow cell type reactors have demonstrated better performance in achieving higher current densities, supplying electrons for enhancement of CO₂ reduction to CH₄.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the digital extraction column: Online-monitoring and analysis of fluid dynamics in liquid-liquid extraction columns","authors":"Andreas Palmtag,&nbsp;Lorenz Lehmann,&nbsp;Leon Rojas Hanz,&nbsp;Uliana Kiseleva,&nbsp;Andreas Jupke","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective monitoring system for liquid-liquid extraction columns must evaluate key fluid dynamic properties such as Sauter mean diameter, the hold-up of the dispersed phase, and the drop sedimentation velocity to accurately estimate the available mass transfer area and the solvent residence time. However, while many studies have focused on investigating the hold-up and the drop size distribution (DSD) studies on drop sedimentation remain scarce, often leading to its estimation based on the remaining fluid dynamic properties. In this work, we introduce a column monitoring system that enables a holistic assessment of the column operation based on all three fluid dynamic properties. For this purpose, we used the differential pressure method to determine the hold-up, and two telecentric camera setups to determine the Sauter mean diameter, and the drop sedimentation velocity. The camera images were processed by YOLOv8 for drop detection and the ByteTrack algorithm for drop tracking, achieving high accuracy on unseen data. In an extensive experimental study, we investigated the interdependency of the fluid dynamic properties at different operating conditions including flooding in a DN50 pulsed sieve tray extraction column. The obtained experimental data was used to parametrize a drop sedimentation model. Our findings indicate that assuming a constant swarm exponent in the model is inadequate, particularly at lower liquid loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical chain reaction of methyltrichlorosilane with hydrogen and its role in chemical vapor deposition of stoichiometric SiC films","authors":"Hao-Chen Liu,&nbsp;Guan-Hong Chou,&nbsp;Bo-Sheng Lee,&nbsp;Yu-Hsun Cheng,&nbsp;Jyh-Chiang Jiang,&nbsp;Lu-Sheng Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of hydrogen (H₂) in reaction with methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) in a hot-wall tubular chemical vapor deposition reactor to form stoichiometric SiC films was elucidated for the first time. Deposition experiments conducted at 1273 K showed that increasing the [H₂]/[MTS] concentration ratio from 2.5 to 18.2 accelerates the film growth rate by 22 %. Kinetic analysis of the film growth rate profile along the gas flow direction in a tubular reactor revealed a stepwise reaction mechanism in which MTS and H₂ form at least two consecutive intermediate species contributing to the film growth. By employing density functional theory calculations to compare the energy barriers of plausible reaction pathways with the experimental activation energy values derived from film growth rate data, we found that the first step of the stepwise reaction is most plausibly the gas-phase reaction of MTS, which dissociates HCl to form 1,1-dichlorosilaethylene (CH₂SiCl₂) as the first intermediate species to correspond a sticking probability of 4.6 × 10^–4. Subsequently, CH₂SiCl₂ initiates a radical chain reaction with H₂ to produce CH₂SiCl· as the second intermediate species. This radial species exhibits a higher sticking probability of 5.1 × 10^–2 and is responsible for the increased film growth rate at high H₂ concentrations. Most importantly, both intermediate species maintain a Si to C atomic ratio of 1:1, thereby facilitating the deposition of stoichiometric SiC films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption and molecular transformation mechanisms of mercury sulfide on mackinawite surfaces: A DFT-D3 study","authors":"Fayang Guo ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Mao ,&nbsp;Yinchuan Li ,&nbsp;Shunlin Tang ,&nbsp;Mingshi Wang ,&nbsp;Mingfei Xing ,&nbsp;Fengcheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Huang ,&nbsp;Xingmin Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mackinawite (FeS), a common metallic sulfide mineral, plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and mobility of mercury sulfide (HgS) in the environment. However, molecular-level insights into HgS interactions with FeS surfaces are currently limited. This study used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate HgS adsorption and transformation on FeS (001), FeS (011), and FeS (111) surfaces, including their defect surfaces. Bonding characteristics were analyzed using electron density difference, Bader charge, projected density of states (PDOS), and crystal orbital bonding index (COBI). HgS adsorption capacity on FeS surfaces is determined by surface reactivity in the order FeS (011) &gt; FeS (111) &gt; FeS (001). Additionally, S-defective FeS (001) and FeS (111) surfaces demonstrate enhanced HgS adsorption compared to Fe-defective surfaces. A potential risk of Hg release from HgS exists on FeS (001) and FeS (111) surfaces compared to FeS (011) surfaces. The dissociation of HgS molecules can be more stably adsorbed on the FeS (011) surface rather than releasing Hg. This study enriches the understanding of HgS adsorption and transformation on metal sulfides, shedding light on the microscopic cycling of HgS in soil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D electrode surface engineering via atomic layer deposition of nickel oxide for improved water oxidation performance","authors":"Sina Haghverdi Khamene ,&nbsp;Mariadriana Creatore ,&nbsp;Mihalis N. Tsampas","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-based electrodes are widely recognized for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet further advancements in surface engineering of these electrodes are essential to fully unlock their catalytic potential. This study explores the electrocatalytic performance of several topologies of 3D-structured nickel electrodes decorated by atomic layer deposited (ALD) NiO films for water oxidation. While pristine Ni electrodes already exhibit good performance due to their 3D structure, their native NiO layer is limited by its fixed thickness, chemical composition, and crystallinity. Adopting ALD for surface modification allows to unravel the role of these properties on the OER performance and electrochemical activation. Among the investigated structures in this work, the 3D Ni electrode based on regularly shaped pillars and holes (Ni Veco), stands out as the most promising OER electrocatalyst, both in its pristine state and after ALD NiO modification, surpassing the performance of Ni felt and Ni foam. Moreover, the presence of ALD NiO is demonstrated to significantly alter the surface chemistry and surface energy of Ni electrodes, leading to a notable enhancement of the OER performance. Upon electrochemical activation, thermal and plasma-assisted ALD NiO on Ni Veco demonstrated overpotentials of 470 and 560 mV, respectively, at 500 mA·cm^-2, outperforming pristine Ni Veco (640 mV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous removal of multiple organic micropollutants via UV-visible light driven BiVO4/TiO2-GO photoanode: Experimental and CFD study","authors":"Agha Zeeshan Ali ,&nbsp;Yuhao Wu ,&nbsp;Bas Wols ,&nbsp;Mohamad Zeidan ,&nbsp;Henri Spanjers ,&nbsp;Jan Peter van der Hoek","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the use of BiVO₄/TiO₂-GO heterojunction photoanode in a PEC based AOP to simultaneously remove four organic micropollutants (OMPs): benzotriazole (BTA), carbamazepine (CBZ), caffeine (CAF) and diclofenac (DIC) from demineralized water. Each OMP had an initial concentration of 40 µg L⁻¹. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) was used to deposit BiVO₄ and TiO₂-GO layers on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes. The heterojunction photoanode at an applied voltage of 1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) achieved simultaneous removal efficiencies of 100 % for DIC, 54 % for CBZ, 36 % for BTA and 33 % for BTA under simulated solar light. Compared to the pristine BiVO₄ photoanode, the heterojunction photoanode showed 50 % higher removal efficiency for BTA, CBZ and CAF. The reaction kinetics revealed that the first order rate coefficient for DIC removal was about nine times higher than that of CBZ and fifteen times higher than those of BTA and CAF. To assess scalability, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model incorporating the experimentally determined reaction kinetics was developed for a conceptually designed up-scaled PEC reactor. The model analyzed the effect of reactor design and fluid flow conditions on the removal of OMPs. Under turbulent flow conditions, enhanced removal efficiency was observed for all four OMPs, which was attributed to the effects of eddy diffusion and convective mixing. The optimized reactor design under turbulent flow condition achieved an 80 % removal efficiency for all four OMPs within 25 min under a light intensity of 400 W m⁻². The findings highlight the potential of BiVO₄/TiO₂-GO heterojunction photoanodes for efficient and scalable PEC water treatment, showing a promising approach for the elimination of OMPs from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ReaxFF molecular dynamics studies on the impact of reaction conditions in polystyrene conversion through hydrothermal gasification","authors":"Thi Be Ta Truong ,&nbsp;Do Tuong Ha ,&nbsp;Hien Duy Tong ,&nbsp;Thuat T. Trinh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics, particularly polystyrene (PS), are significant environmental pollutants due to their persistence and harmful effects on ecosystems and health. To address this issue, we explored hydrothermal gasification (HTG) as a novel approach for PS degradation using molecular dynamics simulations with ReaxFF. Our research reveals that HTG effectively converts PS into renewable syngas through complex reaction pathways influenced by temperature and water content. Temperature is critical in determining the dominant reaction mechanisms and syngas yield, while water plays a dual role of enhancing hydrogen production but also increasing activation energy for PS decomposition. The calculated activation energies vary significantly (198–289 kJ/mol), suggesting that optimizing reaction conditions is essential to maximize efficiency and hydrogen content in the produced syngas. This study provides insights into designing effective strategies for managing PS microplastic waste via hydrothermal gasification, aiming at a more sustainable future by converting plastics into valuable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient cultivation and scale-up of marine microalgae Fistulifera peliculosa and Nannochloropsis oculata for sustainable aquaculture applications","authors":"Ashfaq Ahmad ,&nbsp;Syed Salman Ashraf","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the aquacultural potential of marine microalgae strains <em>F. peliculosa</em> and <em>N. oculata</em>, which are renowned for their high protein, lipid, carotenoid, and carbohydrate contents. Microalgae are emerging as promising alternatives or supplements to traditional fish meal and fish oils because of their ability to provide sustainable and nutrient-rich resources for aquaculture. However, challenges, such as optimizing large-scale cultivation and culture medium composition, need to be addressed to realize their full potential. This study estimated the effects of various cultivation media (Conway, F/2, and TMRL) on microalgae cultivation from a laboratory to an upscale cultivation using an optimized medium and conditions. Brown marine strain <em>F. peliculosa</em> achieved the maximum cell density of 29.04 × 10⁶ cells/mL and maximum biomass production of 1.26 g/L in a 6 L NANO photobioreactor and 25.65 × 10⁶ cells/mL and 1.06 g/L in a 20 L tank using an optimized Conway medium. Conversely, the green marine strain <em>N. oculata</em> reached a maximum cell density of 80.82 × 10⁶ cells mL^-1 and maximum biomass production of 1.35 g/L in the NANO photobioreactor and 77.61 × 10⁶ cells/mL and maximum biomass production of 1.24 g/L in the 20 L tank with the optimum F/2 media composition. The highest lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content in <em>F. peliculosa</em> was 21.63 %, 18.76 %, and 11.13 %, respectively. For <em>N. oculata</em>, these values were 17.76 %, 32.23 %, and 12.76 %, respectively, in the F/2 media. Cultivation experiments demonstrated that <em>F. peliculosa</em> and <em>N. oculata</em> exhibited robust biomass productivity and nutrient profiles, underscoring their feasibility as sustainable inputs in aqua-fired formulations. These findings underscore the importance of these microalgal strains in promoting eco-friendly aquaculture practices and decreasing the dependence on overexploited marine resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting vapor flux in osmotic distillation: A comprehensive evaluation of operating conditions and membrane properties","authors":"Longxi Zhou,&nbsp;Di He,&nbsp;Zhangxin Wang,&nbsp;Yuanmiaoliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osmotic distillation (OD) presents a promising technique for desalination in seawater electrolysis, but its effectiveness is hindered by low vapor flux and limited operational efficiency. This study employs a theoretical model to evaluate how operating conditions and membrane properties impact OD vapor flux. For conventional membranes, optimizing parameters mitigates concentration and temperature polarization but provides only modest increase in vapor flux, as the membrane contributes the majority of mass transfer resistance. With 0.6 M NaCl/3.5 M K₂CO₃ as feed/draw solutions, regardless of operating condition, the vapor flux of conventional membranes cannot exceed 0.94 kg m^-2 h^-1. In contrast, improving membrane properties, which leads to vapor permeability (<span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span>) enhancement, offers significantly more potential for increasing vapor flux. However, this improvement must be paired with an increased thermal conduction coefficient (<span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) to avoid severe temperature polarization. Furthermore, our modeling results further indicate that operating condition optimization has a markedly larger impact on advanced membranes with improved <span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> than conventional membranes (60.7 % vs. 8.3 % vapor flux increase). These findings underscore the necessity for research efforts to prioritize the advancement of membrane design, while subsequent studies can focus on optimizing operating conditions alongside these improved membranes. This approach will significantly improve OD vapor flux and provide critical insights for the future development of OD technology, thereby facilitating its application in seawater electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}