Cells Tissues Organs最新文献

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000544895","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonic Anhydrase IV Deficiency Causes Intrauterine Embryonic Loss in Mice.","authors":"Sven Schumann, Susanne Camilla Grund, Jaroslaw Thomas Dankert, Ruth Grümmer, Gunther Wennemuth","doi":"10.1159/000544000","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Members of the carbonic anhydrase gene family, responsible for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, participate in several important biological processes including processes involved in fertilization. CAIV has been shown to play a role in sperm cell capacitation and regulation of sperm motility and is present in mature murine placentae. The present study specifically analyzes the distribution of CAIV in female reproductive organs and during early placenta development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunostaining for CAIV was performed on female reproductive organs (ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina) of nonpregnant mice and on implantation sites of early pregnancy between 4.5 and 9.5 days post-coitum (dpc). Sex typing of embryos was performed by PCR using three separated gene combinations for X and Y chromosomes, respectively. Additionally, reproductive outcome of CAIV-deficient mice was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAIV is largely absent in the female reproductive organs of nonpregnant mice. Immunostaining for CAIV was present in the blastocyst and in consecutive stages of the developing embryo. In the endometrial epithelium distant from the implantation chamber, CAIV is induced from 8.5 dpc onward. Moreover, the yolk sac epithelium, the trophoblast giant cells, and the labyrinthine compartment of the developing hemochorial placenta show a strong immunostaining for CAIV. In heterozygous mating, the number of CAIV knockout pups is significantly reduced than was to be expected according to the mendelian rules, while homozygous mating of CAIV knockout mice results in a significant reduction of litter size, which is mainly due to a reduced number of female mice born. Since at 9.5 dpc the number of female embryos is rather higher than that of males, the observed reduction of female offspring appears to be due to a defect in placentation after 9.5 dpc.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, CAIV seems to be involved in the signaling network of embryo development, implantation, and placentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function of Transforming Growth Factor β2 and β3 in Palatogenesis.","authors":"Akira Nakajima, Miwaki Aoki, Akira Nakajima, Nichika Fukumashi, Risako Okuma, Mitsuru Motoyoshi, Charles F Shuler","doi":"10.1159/000544097","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to examine the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway during secondary palate fusion by transfecting single and double small interfering RNA (siRNAs) for TGF-β2 and -β3. This investigation also focused on understanding the phenotype of palatal development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>siRNAs targeting TGF-β2 and -β3 were used in an organ culture model of fusion of the secondary palate of 13-day embryonic ICR mice cultured for up to 72 h. The palatal shelves were collected at different times following the initiation of organ culture and were examined for TGF-β2 and -β3 gene expression. Downstream signaling was characterized using Western blotting and PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the double siRNA-treated palatal shelves, approximately 90% (91% anterior, 89% posterior with phenotype A) showed fusion failure in hematoxylin and eosin staining. Phosphorylation of Smad-dependent and -independent signaling showed a significant reduction in phosphorylation in double knockdown palate organ cultures when compared to single knockdown cultures. Although, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and TIMP2 were small influenced by siTGF-β2, the extracellular matrix and transcription factor expressions showed to be significantly reduced in double knockdown palate compared to single knockdown palates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that double siRNAs targeting TGF-β2 and -β3 results in phenotypes during secondary palatal fusion and that they could be affected phosphorylation of Smad-dependent and -independent signaling synergistically compared to single knockdown of TGF-β2 and -β3. The results of this study demonstrate important functions during secondary palatal fusion and will contribute to our understanding of the etiology of cleft palate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"351-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rat Hemolymph Nodes Provide a Direct Communication Site for Macrophages Interacting with Erythrocytes and Mast Cells.","authors":"Tadahide Noguchi, Manabu Yamada, Emi Aizawa, Akihiro Dohi, Kenichi Sasaguri, Toshiharu Yamamoto, Tadahide Noguchi","doi":"10.1159/000543747","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemolymph nodes, characterized by erythrocyte rosettes, are found in humans and animals, including rats. The cytoarchitectural features that these nodes exhibit compared with those of ordinary lymph nodes and spleen are unknown. Herein, we describe the cytoarchitecture of rat hemolymph nodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against CD68, Iba-1, CD3, CD20, and S-100. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to compare findings with sections from ordinary lymph nodes and spleen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemolymph nodes exhibited erythrocyte rosettes with macrophages immunopositive for CD68, Iba-1, and CD3, which were rare in the physiologically normal spleen and lymph nodes. Additionally, sinusoidal macrophages often showed close apposition to erythrocytes and mast cells. Accumulation of cells immunoreactive to CD20, a B-lymphocyte marker, was seen only in the germinal centers of ordinary lymph nodes, not in the hemolymph nodes or spleen. Ordinary lymph nodes and spleen showed well-developed reticular configurations of cells with immunoreactivity for S-100, a marker for dendritic cells, unlike hemolymph nodes, suggesting less-developed antigen-presenting ability in the latter. Despite similarities to ordinary lymph nodes and spleen, the direct contact with erythrocytes and mast cells in the hemolymph nodes suggests a facilitation of direct cell-to-cell communication for macrophages, erythrocytes, and mast cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings imply that the hemolymph nodes are a unique immune organ, differing from ordinary lymph nodes and spleen.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"341-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Scaffold Supports Capillary-Like Network Formation by Endothelial Cells Derived from Porcine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.","authors":"Yu-Jing Liao, Yi-Shiou Chen, Yu-Ching Lin, Jenn-Rong Yang","doi":"10.1159/000539320","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endothelial cells (EC) can be generated from porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC), but poor efficiency in driving EC differentiation hampers their application and efficacy. Additionally, the culture of piPSC-derived EC (piPSC-EC) on three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds has not been fully reported yet. Here, we report a method to improve the generation of EC differentiation from piPSC and to facilitate their culture on 3D scaffolds, providing a potential resource for in vitro drug testing and the generation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We initiated the differentiation of piPSC into EC by seeding them on laminin 411 and employing a three-stage protocol, which involved the use of distinct EC differentiation media supplemented with CHIR99021, BMP4, VEGF, and bFGF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>piPSC-EC not only expressed EC markers such as CD31, VE-cadherin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) but also exhibited an upregulation of EC marker genes, including CD31, CD34, VEGFR2, VE-cadherin, and vWF. They exhibited functional characteristics similar to those of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAEC), such as tube formation and Dil-Ac-LDL uptake. Furthermore, when cultured on 3D scaffolds, piPSC-EC developed a 3D morphology and were capable of forming an endothelial layer and engineering capillary-like networks, though these lacked lumen structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study not only advances the generation of EC from piPSC through an inhibitor and growth factor cocktail but also provides a promising approach for constructing vascular network-like structures. Importantly, these findings open new avenues for drug discovery in vitro and tissue engineering in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Atoh8 on Postnatal Murine Neurogenesis.","authors":"Dilek Culhalik, Morris Gellisch, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo, Darius Saberi","doi":"10.1159/000540440","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540440","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are expressed in various organs and are involved in diverse developmental processes. The mouse atonal homolog 8 (Atoh8), a bHLH transcription factor, plays a crucial role in various developmental processes, especially as a regulator of neurogenesis in the retina. Besides, Atoh8 expression has been observed in the central nervous system. The function of Atoh8 during the postnatal neurogenesis is still unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study focuses on elucidating the impact of Atoh8 on postnatal neurogenesis in the brain, particularly in selected regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and olfactory bulb (OB), across different life stages, using male homozygous Atoh8-knockout (M6KO) mice. Our morphometric analysis is based on immunohistochemically labeled markers for neuroblasts (doublecortin) and proliferation (phospho-histone H3, PHH3) as well as pan neuronal markers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In Atoh8-/- mice, alteration in the postnatal neurogenesis can be observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in doublecortin-positive neuroblasts within the SVZ of neonatal M6KO mice compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, no differences in cell number and distribution were observed in the subsequent migration of neuroblasts through the RMS to the OB. Proliferating PHH3-positive neuronal progenitor cells were significantly diminished in the proliferation rate in both the SVZ and RMS of neonatal and young M6KO mice. Furthermore, in the glomerular layer of the OB, significantly fewer neurons were detected in the neonatal stage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In conclusion, Atoh8 emerges as a positive regulator of postnatal neurogenesis in the brain. Its role encompasses the promotion of neuroblast formation, modulation of proliferation rates, differentiation, and maintenance of mature neurons. Understanding the intricacies of Atoh8 function provides valuable insights into the complex regulatory mechanisms governing neurogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are expressed in various organs and are involved in diverse developmental processes. The mouse atonal homolog 8 (Atoh8), a bHLH transcription factor, plays a crucial role in various developmental processes, especially as a regulator of neurogenesis in the retina. Besides, Atoh8 expression has been observed in the central nervous system. The function of Atoh8 during the postnatal neurogenesis is still unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study focuses on elucidating the impact of Atoh8 on postnatal neurogenesis in the brain, particularly in selected regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and olfactory bulb (OB), across different life stages, using male homozygous Atoh8-knockout (M6KO) mice. Our morphometric analysis is based on immunohis","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Early Overfeeding Negatively Impacts Cardiac Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Cardiomyocyte Maturation in the Neonatal Offspring.","authors":"Daniela Caldas Andrade, Thiago Freire, Beatriz Moitinho Ferreira Silva, Andressa Cardoso Guimarães, Elaine de Oliveira, Erica Patricia Garcia-Souza, Simone Nunes de Carvalho, Alessandra Alves Thole, Erika Cortez","doi":"10.1159/000542436","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Maternal obesity has been positively correlated with an increased cardiometabolic risk in the offspring throughout life, implying intergenerational transmission. However, little is known about the early-life cardiac cell modifications that imply the onset of heart diseases later in life. This study analyzed cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocyte differentiation on day of birth in the offspring born to obese dams.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The litter size reduction model was used to induce obesity in female Swiss mice. Both maternal groups, the Small Litter Dams (SLD-F1), which were overfed during lactation, and the Normal Litter Dams (NLD-F1), control group, were mated to healthy male mice. Their first-generation offspring (SLD-F2 and NLD-F2, n = 6 by group) were euthanized on birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mothers from SLD had increased body mass, Lee Index, fat deposits, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance, confirming the obese phenotype. The offspring born from SLD-F1 had also increased body mass, Lee Index, and fasting hyperglycemia. The heart of SLD-F2 showed decreased cardiac mass/body mass ratio, increased cardiac collagen deposits, a greater number of undifferentiated cardiac c-kit+ and Sca-1+ progenitor cells, and increased NKX2.5+ cardiomyoblasts compared to control. In addition, SLD-F2 demonstrated immature cardiomyocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obese dams negatively impact their offspring, leading to altered biometric and metabolic parameters, along with an immature heart already at birth, with extracellular matrix adverse remodeling, delayed cardiac progenitor cell differentiation, and restrained cardiomyocyte maturation, which can be related to the development of cardiometabolic disease in the adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"274-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care and Treatment for an Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Related Lower Limb Skin Ulcer Unhealed for 7 Years: A Case Report.","authors":"Min Wei, Yan Xu, Dongyun Xia, Jian Li, Shan Dong","doi":"10.1177/15347346221090079","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221090079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a group of rare autoimmune diseases caused by antiphospholipid antibodies that is mainly associated with arterial or venous thrombosis and/or complications during pregnancy. Skin lesions occur in approximately 30% of APS patients as initial manifestations. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the treatment of APS rather than the management of skin lesions. Here, the authors report a case of an APS-related lower limb skin ulcer that had remained unhealed for more than 7 years. The difficulties in this case were the diagnosis of APS, the risk of bleeding during debridement, wound infection, biofilm formation, reduced venous return from the lower limbs, and compliance with compression therapy and follow-up. A three-step wound care regimen based on a multidisciplinary team approach resulted in effective control of APS and healing of the ulcer to the lower leg in 95 days. Over two follow-ups, there was no recurrence of the ulcer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":"65 1","pages":"610-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86848668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spheroid-Hydrogel Integrated Biomimetic System (SHIBS): A New Frontier in Advanced 3D Cell Culture Technology.","authors":"Seungyeop Yoo,Hyun Jong Lee","doi":"10.1159/000541416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541416","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDespite significant advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, creating accurate in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate complex in vivo environments remains a major challenge in biomedical research. Traditional culture methods often fail to simultaneously facilitate critical cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions while providing control over mechanical and biochemical properties.SUMMARYThis review introduces the spheroid-hydrogel integrated biomimetic system (SHIBS), a groundbreaking approach that synergistically combines spheroid culture with tailored hydrogel technologies. SHIBS uniquely bridges the gap between traditional culture methods and physiological conditions by offering unprecedented control over both cellular interactions and environmental properties. We explore how SHIBS is revolutionizing fields ranging from drug discovery and disease modeling to regenerative medicine and basic biological research. The review discusses current challenges in SHIBS technology, including reproducibility, scalability, and high-resolution imaging, and outlines ongoing research addressing these issues. Furthermore, we envision the future evolution of SHIBS into more sophisticated organoid-hydrogel integrated biomimetic systems (OHIBS) and its integration with cutting-edge technologies such as microfluidics, 3D bioprinting, and artificial intelligence.KEY MESSAGESSHIBS represents a paradigm shift in 3D cell culture technology, offering a unique solution to recreate complex in vivo environments. Its potential to accelerate the development of personalized therapies across various biomedical fields is significant. While challenges persist, the ongoing advancements in SHIBS technology promise to overcome current limitations, paving the way for more accurate and reliable in vitro models. The future integration of SHIBS with emerging technologies may revolutionize biomimetic modeling, potentially reducing the need for animal testing and expediting drug discovery processes. This comprehensive review provides researchers and clinicians with a holistic understanding of SHIBS technology, its current capabilities, and its future prospects in advancing biomedical research and therapeutic innovations.","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Imaging Analysis of the Developmental Process of Posterior Meniscofemoral Ligaments in Rat Embryos.","authors":"Momoko Nagai-Tanima, Kanon Ishida, Aoi Ishikawa, Shigehito Yamada, Tetsuya Takakuwa, Tomoki Aoyama","doi":"10.1159/000536108","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The posterior meniscofemoral ligament (pMFL) of knee joint is a ligament that runs posterior to the posterior cruciate ligament and it is known that the height of the pMFL attachment site causes meniscus avulsion. Therefore, understanding the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the pMFL attachment site is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of meniscus disorders. However, the developmental process of pMFL has not been well investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze pMFL development in rat knee joints using 3D reconstructed images produced from episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC) images and examine its relationship with other knee joint components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Knee joints of Wistar rat embryos between embryonic day (E) 16 and E21 were observed with HE-stained tissues. Serial EFIC images of the hind limbs of E17-E21 were, respectively, captured from which 3D images were reconstructed and the features of pMFL structure: length and angle were measured. Besides, the chronological volume changes and the volume ratio of the knee joint components compared to E17 were calculated to identify the differences in growth by components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pMFL was observed from E17 and was attached to the medial femoral condyle and lateral meniscus at all developmental stages, as in mature rats. The lack of marked variation in the attachment site and angle of the pMFL with the developmental stage indicates that the pMFL and surrounding knee joint components developed while maintaining their positional relationship from the onset of development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current results may support to congenital etiology of meniscus disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}