P.Y. Hu, M.S. Zhao, Y.T. Xu, L.T. Hu, J.W. Liang, J. Meng, C. Zhang
{"title":"Achieving net-zero power supply in China needs better cost uncertainty quantification","authors":"P.Y. Hu, M.S. Zhao, Y.T. Xu, L.T. Hu, J.W. Liang, J. Meng, C. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Achieving net-zero power supply in China will require massive investments over the coming decades. Precise cost uncertainty quantification is essential to align this transition with economic and policy realities. Here, we report an analysis addressing this need by introducing a cost uncertainty estimation framework, integrating meta-analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and probabilistic cost forecasting. Our findings reveal significant cost uncertainties for China’s energy transition from 2020 to the end of the century, estimated to be between 15.1 and 62.7 trillion US dollars for the 1.5°C scenario and 12.9–50.8 trillion US dollars for the 2°C scenario. The lower end of these estimates suggests that China’s net-zero power supply transition could be more cost effective than previously anticipated. However, the feasibility of these transitions largely depends on the availability of low-cost capital, highlighting the urgent need to develop strategies that accelerate clean energy finance and reduce investment hesitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyong Li, Yanwen Jia, Ran Xiao, Juzheng Chen, Hao Wu, Xiewen Wen, Yang Lu
{"title":"3D-printed fused silica glass microlattice as mechanical metamaterial","authors":"Ziyong Li, Yanwen Jia, Ran Xiao, Juzheng Chen, Hao Wu, Xiewen Wen, Yang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glass metamaterials that integrate optical transparency, chemical stability, and mechanical robustness are essential for satisfying the specific requirements of diverse fields, such as electronic screens or structural glazing. Yet, in practice, the requirements are only met by limited materials, and research in this area is still in its infancy. Here, we successfully incorporate microlattice architectures into three-dimensional (3D)-printed glass and develop transparent glass mechanical metamaterials with lightweight and high strength. A series of transparent glass microlattice metamaterials featuring diverse structural configurations, including tunable relative density, controllable strut volume, and adjustable strut counts, have been fabricated and thoroughly investigated for their mechanical properties. This progress offers a basis for the systematic tailoring of mechanical properties in 3D-printed glass microlattices, thereby paving the way for high-strength transparent metamaterials that are significantly lighter than their solid counterparts while offering opportunities for multifunctional applications as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bi-Ying Liu, Yongchao Qian, Min Zhou, Xiao-Yan Jin, Mei-Juan Jia, Di Quan, Xiang-Yu Kong, Liping Wen, Lei Jiang
{"title":"Competing host-guest interactions to explore the alkyl anion transport in photo-responsive, space-confined hydrogels","authors":"Bi-Ying Liu, Yongchao Qian, Min Zhou, Xiao-Yan Jin, Mei-Juan Jia, Di Quan, Xiang-Yu Kong, Liping Wen, Lei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photo-responsive hydrogel systems have attracted significant attention for their controllability, intelligent responsiveness, and reversibility. This study delves into the effect of tunable space-confined networks on anion transport in photo-responsive hydrogels. Employing azobenzene (Azo) and <em>β</em>-cyclodextrin (<em>β</em>-CD), the hydrogel was loaded into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) to form the AAO-hydrogel membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) is chosen to investigate mass transmembrane transport. In low-degree space-confined aluminum oxide-hydrogel membrane (LSAHM), a looser structure was formed due to the breakup of the connection between Azo and <em>β</em>-CD with ultraviolet (UV)-light irradiation. With visible-light (vis-light) irradiation, the SDS is replaced with <em>trans</em>-Azo due to the more stable <em>trans</em>-Azo@<em>β</em>-CD complex, resulting in narrow channels. For high-degree space-confined AHM (HSAHM), the interaction between SDS and <em>β</em>-CD could be omitted due to space confinement. Also, controllable SDS-assisted cationic peptide transport is achieved with HSAHM. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of hydrogel structure variations, offering nuanced approaches to hydrogel design.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stable copper-modified bipyridine mediator for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Chen, Ching-Chin Chen, Vinh Son Nguyen, Xiao-Tong Jiang, Yan-Da Chen, Ming-You Li, Sheng-Yang Chen, Tzu-Chien Wei, Chen-Yu Yeh","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have garnered significant research attention for their cost-effectiveness, transparency, flexibility, etc. In this work, a copper complex of a bipyridine-modified mediator, [Cu(dmodmbp)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+/2+</sup>, is developed to minimize the loss in fill factor (<em>FF</em>). A <strong>DA2</strong> dye, inspired by the structures of previously reported <strong>LC4</strong> and <strong>LC5</strong> dyes, incorporates cascade acceptors to enhance light absorption and increase the short-circuit current (<em>J</em><sub><em>SC</em></sub>). These innovations lead to highly efficient DSSCs with an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.2% (<em>J</em><sub><em>SC</em></sub> = 12.10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, open-circuit voltage [<em>V</em><sub><em>OC</em></sub>] = 1.11 V, <em>FF</em> = 0.764) as well as a remarkable photostability. A test over 95 days shows that 88% of the initial PCE can be maintained, with <em>V</em><sub><em>OC</em></sub>, <em>J</em><sub><em>SC</em></sub>, and <em>FF</em> retaining 98%, 97%, and 93% of their initial values, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"308 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Strong, William Holderbaum, Yoshikatsu Hayashi
{"title":"Electro-active polymer hydrogels exhibit emergent memory when embodied in a simulated game environment","authors":"Vincent Strong, William Holderbaum, Yoshikatsu Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The goal of artificial neural networks is to utilize the functions of biological brains to develop computational algorithms. However, these purely artificial implementations cannot achieve the adaptive behavior found in biological neural networks (BNNs) via their inherent memory. Alternative computing mediums that integrate biological neurons with computer hardware have shown similar emergent behavior via memory, as found in BNNs. By applying current theories in BNNs, can emergent memory functions be achieved with alternative mediums? Electro-active polymer (EAP) hydrogels were embedded in the simulated game-world of Pong via custom multi-electrode arrays and feedback between motor commands and stimulation. Through performance analysis within the game environment, emergent memory acquisition was demonstrated, driven by ion migration through the hydrogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venkatesh Kabra, Conner Fear, Paul W.C. Northrop, J. Vernon Cole, Partha P. Mukherjee
{"title":"Differential pulse voltammetry analytics for lithium-ion battery degradation","authors":"Venkatesh Kabra, Conner Fear, Paul W.C. Northrop, J. Vernon Cole, Partha P. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the growing need for lithium-ion batteries in high-power applications, an accurate estimation of battery state of health is critical for long cyclability. In this work, an analytics approach based on pulse voltammetry is presented for lithium-ion batteries. A physics-based modeling framework is developed to predict pulse voltammogram signatures for generic voltage pulses. In combination with a parameter estimation technique, this model presents an <em>in situ</em> diagnostic tool that captures key electrode-specific parameters with rapid accuracy. Using this approach, we quantify degradation descriptors such as the growth of the resistive layer, interfacial area evolution, and lithium-intercalation state. Pulse voltammetry signatures, obtained periodically during fast-charge cycling experiments, show distinct trends at low temperature and room temperature. Active particle cracking plays a major role in the low-temperature capacity fade of lithium-ion cells, while a combination of cracking and impedance rise is the major cause of degradation at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bat-Or Shalom, Miguel A. Andrés, Ashley R. Head, Boruch Z. Epstein, Olga Brontvein, Virginia Pérez-Dieste, Ignacio J. Villar-Garcia, Alex S. Walton, Kacper Polus, Robert S. Weatherup, Baran Eren
{"title":"Chemical state of nickel nanoparticles during the oxygen evolution reaction in a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution","authors":"Bat-Or Shalom, Miguel A. Andrés, Ashley R. Head, Boruch Z. Epstein, Olga Brontvein, Virginia Pérez-Dieste, Ignacio J. Villar-Garcia, Alex S. Walton, Kacper Polus, Robert S. Weatherup, Baran Eren","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chemical state of nickel anodes during the oxygen evolution reaction can impact their electrocatalytic performance. Here, X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies reveal the chemical state of nickel nanoparticles under oxygen evolution reaction conditions in a mildly alkaline carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution. Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>3+</sup> species are observed at the reaction onset potential with a 7:4 ratio, with no remaining metallic nickel. These species include NiO, which increasingly converts to other Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>3+</sup> species once the potential is increased above the onset potential. Conversely, when a 20-nm-thick nickel film is used instead of nickel nanoparticles, a significant amount of metallic nickel remains in the inner layers. Nickel nanoparticles also undergo significant morphological and structural changes during the reaction, as evidenced by <em>ex situ</em> transmission electron microscopy. Amorphization of the nanoparticles is attributed to significant H<sub>2</sub>O incorporation, with the oxygen intensity increasing both in <em>operando</em> and <em>ex situ</em> measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohua Liu, Jing Huang, Yong Du, Lei Wang, Per Eklund
{"title":"Enhanced thermoelectric properties of flexible self-supporting carbon nanotube film/polypyrrole composites","authors":"Xiaohua Liu, Jing Huang, Yong Du, Lei Wang, Per Eklund","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102163","url":null,"abstract":"For energy harvesting by flexible thermoelectrics, composite materials have prospects for wearable electronics and require processing methods yielding composites with high thermoelectric performance. Here, we report the fabrication of flexible carbon nanotube film (CNTF)/polypyrrole (PPy) composites by polymerization of PPy on the CNTF. The two-dimensional network structure of CNTF can solve the limitations on the thermoelectric performance of CNT/PPy caused by the poor dispersion and orientation of CNTs. The CNTF/PPy composites exhibit a maximum thermoelectric power factor of 369.2 μWmK at 300 K, which is nearly twice of that of the CNTF (191.2 μWmK). The composites also display flexibility under repeated bending. Composites treated with pre-stretching obtain a higher power factor of 403.8 μWmK at 320 K. This method provides a pathway for optimizing the thermoelectric properties of composites based on CNTF. The study is of importance for application prospects in the fields of thermoelectric conversion and multifunctional wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Naphthopyran-based photoswitching for simpler chemical sensing and imaging using phase-sensitive mode","authors":"Yu Cheng, Yifu Wang, Jingying Zhai, Xiaojiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intensity-based fluorescence imaging suffers from spectral overlap and optical background interference. As an alternative, fluorescence lifetime measurements on the nanosecond level are also largely constrained. Herein, we propose phase-sensitive detection of photoswitchable probes containing naphthopyran and fluorescent donors. The method features reaction kinetics in the millisecond-to-second regime, allowing frequency domain detection with cost-effective equipment. A phase shift (Δϕ) in the fluorescence of the probes is extracted by fast Fourier transform, establishing a dependence on the molar ratio of donor to acceptor. Thus, Δϕ is proposed as a self-referencing quantity for selective highlighting of fluorescent probes and a dynamic signal readout in chemical sensing. Phase-sensitive detection of protamine, a polycationic protein often used as a neutralizer of the anticoagulant heparin during surgery, is successfully realized based on the platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":9703,"journal":{"name":"Cell Reports Physical Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}