Cancers最新文献

{"title":"HDAC Inhibitors Can Enhance Radiosensitivity of Head and Neck Cancer Cells Through Suppressing DNA Repair.","authors":"Jennifer Antrobus, Bethany Mackinnon, Emma Melia, Jonathan R Hughes, Jason L Parsons","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), currently ~800,000 cases per year worldwide, is rising. Radiotherapy remains a mainstay for the treatment of HNSCC, although inherent radioresistance, particularly in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative disease subtypes, remains a significant barrier to effective treatment. Therefore, combinatorial strategies using drugs or inhibitors against specific cellular targets are necessary to enhance HNSCC radiosensitivity to lead to an improvement in patient outcomes. Given that radiotherapy acts through targeting and damaging DNA, a common strategy is to focus on enzymes within DNA-dependent cellular pathways, such as DNA damage repair. <b>Methods:</b> Here, we have employed a 3D spheroid model of HNSCC (FaDu) in combination with a targeted drug screen to identify novel radiosensitisers that suppress tumour growth. <b>Results:</b> We identified that histone deacetylases (HDACs) were prominent candidates, and subsequently identified that the HDAC inhibitors mocetinostat and pracinostat, as well as the combined HDAC-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor CUDC-101, were effective at radiosensitising cell models of HNSCC (FaDu, A253, UMSCC11b) through their impact on both spheroid growth and clonogenic survival assays. We also demonstrated that this combinatorial strategy leads to inhibition of the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through the neutral comet assay and γH2AX foci analysis using immunofluorescence microscopy, providing a mechanism of action through which HDAC inhibition functions in HNSCC radiosensitisation. <b>Conclusions:</b> We believe that this approach should be further investigated in preclinical models, in order to realise the full therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibition for the radiosensitisation of HNSCC, eventually leading to improved patient treatment efficacy and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenge of External Generalisability: Insights from the Bicentric Validation of a [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET Based Radiomics Signature for Primary Prostate Cancer Characterisation Using Histopathology as Reference.","authors":"Samuele Ghezzo, Praveen Gurunath Bharathi, Heying Duan, Paola Mapelli, Philipp Sorgo, Guido Alejandro Davidzon, Carolina Bezzi, Benjamin Inbeh Chung, Ana Maria Samanes Gajate, Alan Eih Chih Thong, Tommaso Russo, Giorgio Brembilla, Andreas Markus Loening, Pejman Ghanouni, Anna Grattagliano, Alberto Briganti, Francesco De Cobelli, Geoffrey Sonn, Arturo Chiti, Andrei Iagaru, Farshad Moradi, Maria Picchio","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: PSMA PET radiomics is a promising tool for primary prostate cancer (PCa) characterisation. However, small single-centre studies and lack of external validation hinder definitive conclusions on the potential of PSMA PET radiomics in the initial workup of PCa. We aimed to validate a radiomics signature in a larger internal cohort and in an external cohort from a separate centre. <b>Methods</b>: One hundred and twenty-seven PCa patients were retrospectively enrolled across two independent hospitals. The first centre (IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Centre 1) contributed 62 [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET scans, 20 patients classified as low-grade (ISUP grade < 4), and 42 as high-grade (ISUP grade ≥ 4). The second centre (Stanford University Hospital, Centre 2) provided 65 [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET scans, and 49 low-grade and 16 high-grade patients. A radiomics model previously generated in Centre 1 was tested on the two cohorts separately and afterward on the entire dataset. Then, we evaluated whether the radiomics features selected in the previous investigation could generalise to new data. Several machine learning (ML) models underwent training and testing using 100-fold Monte Carlo cross-validation, independently at both Centre 1 and Centre 2, with a 70-30% train-test split. Additionally, models were trained in one centre and tested in the other, and vice versa. Furthermore, data from both centres were combined for training and testing using Monte Carlo cross-validation. Finally, a new radiomics signature built on this bicentric dataset was proposed. Several performance metrics were computed. <b>Results:</b> The previously generated radiomics signature resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 80.4% when tested on Centre 1, while it generalised poorly to Centre 2, where it reached an AUC of 62.7%. When the whole cohort was considered, AUC was 72.5%. Similarly, new ML models trained on the previously selected features yielded, at best, an AUC of 80.9% for Centre 1 and performed at chance for Centre 2 (AUC of 49.3%). A new signature built on this bicentric dataset reached, at best, an average AUC of 91.4% in the test set. <b>Conclusions:</b> The satisfying performance of radiomics models when used in the original development settings, paired with the poor performance otherwise observed, emphasises the need to consider centre-specific factors and dataset characteristics when developing radiomics models. Combining radiomics datasets is a viable strategy to reduce such centre-specific biases, but external validation is still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distribution and Predictive Factor of Extra-Pancreatic Malignancy Occurrence in Patients with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm-A Ten-Year Follow-Up Case-Control Study in Taiwan.","authors":"Sheng-Fu Wang, Chi-Huan Wu, Kai-Feng Sung, Yung-Kuan Tsou, Cheng-Hui Lin, Mu-Hsien Lee, Nai-Jen Liu","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>A higher incidence of extra-pancreatic malignancies (EPMs) in patients with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) than in the general population has been shown in several studies. We suppose that EPMs also occur after IPMN has been diagnosed, but few reports have discussed the risk factors that have been identified, except for old age, which was only noted in one study. Our study aims to recognize the distribution of EPMs in Taiwanese patients with a longer duration of follow-up and investigate the risk factors to predict EPMs in IPMN patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 114 patients with pancreatic IPMN from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The characteristics of the patients were all recorded. Different EPMs are demonstrated as occurring before, concurrently with, or after IPMN diagnosis. The risk factors were compared between patients with or without an EPM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After an average follow-up duration of 10.45 years, 47 EPMs occurred in 42 patients (36.8%), and over half were found after IPMN was diagnosed (55.3%). The most common EPMs were colon cancer and lung cancer (21.3%). Moreover, cyst size progression was highly associated with EPM occurrence (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and predictive of EPM occurrence after IPMN (<i>p</i> = 0.002), with a cut-off value of 1 cm (accuracy: 79%; sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 58%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Colon cancer and lung cancer account for the majority EPMs in Taiwan. EPMs were also frequently found after IPMN diagnosis when the follow-up duration was prolonged up to 10.45 years. Cyst size progression is a risk factor of EPM after IPMN diagnosis and we suggest a cut-off value of 1 cm for clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Disparities in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"Géraldine Pignot, Philippe Barthélémy, Delphine Borchiellini","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender differences in prevalence, tumor invasiveness, response to treatment, and clinical outcomes exist in different types of cancer. The aim of this article is to summarize the sex disparities in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment and try to suggest areas for improvement. Although men are at a higher risk of developing bladder tumors, women tend to be diagnosed with more advanced stages at diagnosis and are more likely to present with upfront muscle-invasive disease. Non-urothelial histological subtypes are more frequently reported in women. Regarding non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), several studies have shown that women have a higher risk of disease recurrence after treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, due to different immunogenicities. In localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy are less likely to be performed on women and sexual-sparing procedures with neobladder diversion are rarely offered. Finally, women appear to have a poorer prognosis than men, potentially due to the sex-associated intrinsic features of hosts and tumors that may drive differential therapeutic responses, particularly to immune-based therapies. Women are also more likely to develop severe adverse events related to systemic therapies and are underrepresented in randomized studies, leading to a gap between the real world and trials. In conclusion, studies investigating the role of sex and gender are urgently needed to improve the management of urothelial carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity and Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer: Genetic, Metabolic, and Immune Perspectives.","authors":"Ari Hashimoto, Shigeru Hashimoto","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer has long been believed to be a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of mutations in key genes involved in cellular processes. However, recent advances in sequencing technology have demonstrated that cells with cancer driver mutations are also present in normal tissues in response to aging, environmental damage, and chronic inflammation, suggesting that not only intrinsic factors within cancer cells, but also environmental alterations are important key factors in cancer development and progression. Pancreatic cancer tissue is mostly comprised of stromal cells and immune cells. The desmoplasmic microenvironment characteristic of pancreatic cancer is hypoxic and hypotrophic. Pancreatic cancer cells may adapt to this environment by rewiring their metabolism through epigenomic changes, enhancing intrinsic plasticity, creating an acidic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and inducing noncancerous cells to become tumor-promoting. In addition, pancreatic cancer has often metastasized to local and distant sites by the time of diagnosis, suggesting that a similar mechanism is operating from the precancerous stage. Here, we review key recent findings on how pancreatic cancers acquire plasticity, undergo metabolic reprogramming, and promote immunosuppressive microenvironment formation during their evolution. Furthermore, we present the following two signaling pathways that we have identified: one based on the small G-protein ARF6 driven by <i>KRAS/TP53</i> mutations, and the other based on the RNA-binding protein Arid5a mediated by inflammatory cytokines, which promote both metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion in pancreatic cancer. Finally, the striking diversity among pancreatic cancers in the relative importance of mutational burden and the tumor microenvironment, their clinical relevance, and the potential for novel therapeutic strategies will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXACT-Net: Framework for EHR-Guided Lung Tumor Auto-Segmentation for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Radiotherapy.","authors":"Hamed Hooshangnejad, Gaofeng Huang, Katelyn Kelly, Xue Feng, Yi Luo, Rui Zhang, Ziyue Xu, Quan Chen, Kai Ding","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Lung cancer is a devastating disease with the highest mortality rate among cancer types. Over 60% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, accounting for 87% of lung cancer diagnoses, require radiation therapy. Rapid treatment initiation significantly increases the patient's survival rate and reduces the mortality rate. Accurate tumor segmentation is a critical step in diagnosing and treating NSCLC. Manual segmentation is time- and labor-consuming and causes delays in treatment initiation. Although many lung nodule detection methods, including deep learning-based models, have been proposed. Most of these methods still have a long-standing problem of high false positives (FPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we developed an electronic health record (EHR)-guided lung tumor auto-segmentation called EXACT-Net (EHR-enhanced eXACtitude in Tumor segmentation), where the extracted information from EHRs using a pre-trained large language model (LLM) was used to remove the FPs and keep the TP nodules only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The auto-segmentation model was trained on NSCLC patients' computed tomography (CT), and the pre-trained LLM was used with the zero-shot learning approach. Our approach resulted in a 250% boost in successful nodule detection using the data from ten NSCLC patients treated in our institution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that combining vision-language information in EXACT-Net multi-modal AI framework greatly enhances the performance of vision only models, paving the road to multimodal AI framework for medical image processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Versus Open Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Trials.","authors":"Alberto Aiolfi, Matteo Calì, Francesco Cammarata, Federica Grasso, Gianluca Bonitta, Antonio Biondi, Luigi Bonavina, Davide Bona","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Minimally invasive distal gastrectomy (MIDG) has been shown to be associated with improved short-term outcomes compared to open distal gastrectomy (ODG) in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). The impact of MIDG on long-term patient survival remains debated. Aim was to compare the MIDG vs. ODG effect on long-term survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as pooled effect size measures. Five-year overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were primary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five RCTs were included (2835 patients). Overall, 1421 (50.1%) patients underwent MIDG and 1414 (49.9%) ODG. The ages ranged from 48 to 70 years and 63.4% were males. The pooled 5-year OS (HR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.70-1.04; I² = 0.0%) and 5-year DFS (HR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.87-1.23; I² = 0.0%) were similar for MIDG vs. ODG. The TSA shows a cumulative z-curve without crossing the monitoring boundaries line (Z = 1.96), thus suggesting not conclusive 5-year OS and DFS results because the total information size was not sufficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MIDG and ODG seem to have equivalent 5-year OS and DFS in patients with LAGC. However, the cumulative evidence derived from the TSA showed that the actual information size is not sufficient to provide conclusive data.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligo-Recurrence in Lung Cancer; The Most Curable State Among Advanced Disease?","authors":"Yoshihisa Shimada","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the introduction of effective systemic therapies and advancements in precision medicine, recurrence or progression remains common in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For a subset of patients with more localized metastatic disease-referred to as oligometastases and oligo-recurrence-emerging evidence suggests that a multimodal approach combining systemic therapy with local ablative therapies (LATs) may offer curative potential. Oligo-recurrence is defined by the presence of a limited number of metastases and recurrences in patients with controlled primary lesions. In this review, we focus on providing a comprehensive overview of the evidence supporting the concepts of oligo-recurrence in lung cancer, which is considered one of the most curable states among advanced diseases. Although the definition remains variable and is still under discussion, retrospective studies have reported that it is not a rare condition (occurring in 18-53% of cases) and shows relatively better survival outcomes regardless of whether a local ablative therapy (LAT) is performed. However, this classification remains a topic of ongoing debate and warrants further exploration. In addition to an ongoing randomized clinical trial on oligo-recurrent NSCLC, further rigorous studies specifically addressing oligo-recurrence are needed to refine treatment strategies for this advanced yet potentially curable state. These investigations are essential for developing effective, tailored approaches to optimize outcomes for patients within this prognostically favorable subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Obstruction: Evaluating Self-Expandable Metallic Stents (SEMSs) vs. Emergency Surgery for Challenging pT4 Obstructive Colon Cancer: Multicentre Retrospective Study.","authors":"Marta Paniagua García-Señoráns, Carlos Cerdán-Santacruz, Oscar Cano-Valderrama, Inés Aldrey-Cao, Beatriz Andrés-Asenjo, Fernando Pereira-Pérez, Blas Flor-Lorente, Sebastiano Biondo, On Behalf Of Collaborating Group For The Study Of Metachronous Peritoneal Metastases Of pT Colon Cancer","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Colon cancer presents as an obstruction in almost 30% of patients. Self-expandable metallic stents emerged as an alternative to emergency surgery, despite early controversies around their use. Improved techniques led to stent incorporation in clinical guidelines. Our objective is to compare colectomies performed after the insertion of self-expandable metallic stents versus emergency surgeries in pT4 obstructive left colon cancer, analysing postoperative and oncological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational retrospective multicentre study involving 50 hospitals and analysing data from patients with pT4 obstructive tumours treated for curative intent between 2015 and 2017. Patients with left-sided obstructive colon cancer were included, with exclusion criteria being palliative surgery or incomplete resection. Primary outcomes were local, peritoneal, and systemic recurrence rates, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and the rate of surgeries without major complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 196 patients were analysed, 128 undergoing emergency surgery and 68 receiving colonic stents. Stents more frequently allowed for minimally invasive surgeries: 33.8% vs. 4.7% (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The stent group showed fewer major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) at 4.5% vs. 22.4% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), fewer infectious complications at 13.2% vs. 23.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.1), and fewer organ-space infections at 3.3% vs. 15.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.03). No significant differences in recurrence rates, 29.4% vs. 28.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.8); disease-free survival, 44.5 vs. 44.3 months (<i>p</i> = 0.5); or overall survival, 50.5 vs. 47.6 months (<i>p</i> = 0.4), were found between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-expandable metallic stents are a safe alternative for pT4 obstructive left colon cancer, improving postoperative outcomes without compromising short- and medium-term oncological results. Consideration of experienced clinicians and potential referral to centres with advanced stenting capabilities may enhance patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Significance of Body Weight Loss During Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Masataka Taoka, Eiki Ichihara, Toshihide Yokoyama, Koji Inoue, Tomoki Tamura, Akiko Sato, Naohiro Oda, Hirohisa Kano, Kayo Nakamura, Haruyuki Kawai, Masaaki Inoue, Nobuaki Ochi, Nobukazu Fujimoto, Hirohisa Ichikawa, Chihiro Ando, Isao Oze, Katsuyuki Kiura, Yoshinobu Maeda, Katsuyuki Hotta","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Limited data are available on the frequency and significance of body weight loss during cancer therapy. This study investigated the frequency of patients who experienced body weight loss during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the impact of weight loss on treatment outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> Using the clinical data of 370 patients with NSCLC who received a combination of ICI and chemotherapy at 13 institutions, this study investigated the frequency of body weight loss > 5% during treatment and determined the impact of body weight loss on patient outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Of the 370 included patients, 141 (38.1%) lost more than 5% of their body weight during ICI plus chemotherapy (WL group). The 2-month landmark analysis showed that patients who experienced body weight loss of >5% during treatment had worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than those who did not (OS 14.0 and 31.1 months in the WL non-WL groups, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001; PFS 6.8 and 10.9 months in the WL non-WL groups, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Furthermore, a negative impact of body weight loss on survival was observed even in those who had obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25.0) at the start of therapy (OS 12.8 and 25.4 months in the WL non-WL groups, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001; PFS 5.7 and 10.7 months in the WL non-WL groups, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.038). <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, weight loss of >5% during ICI plus chemotherapy negatively influenced patient outcomes. Further and broader studies should investigate the role of nutritional status, specifically weight change and nutritional support, in responsiveness to ICI plus chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}