CancersPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101707
Timoleon Granitsas, Ioannis Anastassakis, Stamatios Brempos, Kyriakos Brempos
{"title":"Echolaser Focal Treatment for Prostate Cancer Guided by Fiducial Marker Placement.","authors":"Timoleon Granitsas, Ioannis Anastassakis, Stamatios Brempos, Kyriakos Brempos","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101707","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Focal therapy has emerged as a viable alternative to radical prostate cancer treatment, offering oncologic control while minimizing morbidity. EchoLaser focal laser ablation (FLA) is a minimally invasive technique that utilizes high-precision laser energy for tumor destruction. This study evaluated the oncologic outcomes, procedural efficiency, and safety of EchoLaser focal therapy, comparing fiducial-assisted (FM+) and non-fiducial (FM-) approaches. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Athens Medical Center, Greece, including 50 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with EchoLaser therapy. Patients were categorized into FM+ (n = 31) and FM- (n = 19) groups. Oncologic control (MRI and PSA levels at six months), procedural efficiency (operative time), and safety (adverse events) were assessed. <b>Results</b>: At six months, 80% of patients (n = 40) had no residual disease on MRI, while 20% (n = 10) showed persistent or recurrent tumor activity. PSA levels declined from 10.26 ± 14.99 ng/mL to 2.70 ± 2.67 ng/mL, reflecting a 74% median reduction. Procedure time was shorter in FM+ patients (33.48 ± 2.41 min vs. 45.79 ± 2.92 min, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Adverse events occurred only in the FM- group, including one case of urinary retention. <b>Conclusions</b>: FLA with EchoLaser using fiducial marker enhances procedural efficiency and could have a positive impact on oncologic control. These findings suggest that fiducial markers should be integrated into focal therapy protocols. Longer follow-up studies are needed to confirm the long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of Two Novel Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines with Characteristics of Mucinous Borderline Tumors or Dedifferentiated Carcinoma-Implications for Tumor Heterogeneity and the Complex Carcinogenesis of Mucinous Tumors.","authors":"Hasibul Islam Sohel, Umme Farzana Zahan, Tohru Kiyono, Masako Ishikawa, Sultana Razia, Kosuke Kanno, Hitomi Yamashita, Shahataj Begum Sonia, Kentaro Nakayama, Satoru Kyo","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101716","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary (MBOTs) are characterized by their unique histological features and intermediate malignant potential; however, the factors underlying their molecular carcinogenesis and tumor biology remain largely unknown. Developing cell lines from these tumors presents an ongoing challenge. The purpose of this study is to establish MBOT cell lines and characterize their biological features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Epithelial cells were collected and purified from surgically removed MBOT samples and then stably maintained with an extended life span by overexpressing <i>Cyclin</i>D1/<i>CDK4</i> in combination with <i>human telomerase reverse transcriptase</i>. The characterization of resulting cell lines was defined by morphology, growth kinetics, functional analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and tumorigenicity in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two independent cell lines, HMucBOT-1 and HMucBOT-2, were successfully established from the tissues of a patient with an MBOT, with the latter showing more aggressive growth capacity. In the patient-derived xenograft model, HMucBOT-1 cells retained the original morphological characteristics of the MBOT, whereas HMucBOT-2 cells displayed a transition to mucinous carcinoma accompanying undifferentiated carcinoma, suggestive of dedifferentiated carcinoma. Genetic analysis of the original tumor sample and HMucBOT-2 cells revealed shared oncogenic mutations. However, <i>KRAS</i> amplification and certain copy number alterations were uniquely observed in the HMucBOT-2 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The above results indicate that HMucBOT-1 can serve as a preclinical model for investigating the biological behavior of and potential targeted therapies for human MBOTs, with HMucBOT-2 serving as a valuable tool for studying the heterogeneity and genetic diversity of this tumor and explaining the potential causes of treatment failure or relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101708
Megan R Greenberg, Thomas Lucido, Kritika Singh, Joanna M Rhodes
{"title":"The Impact of Minimal Residual Disease Measurement in the Management of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.","authors":"Megan R Greenberg, Thomas Lucido, Kritika Singh, Joanna M Rhodes","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101708","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has advanced considerably in recent years. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) and B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors (BCL2is) such as venetoclax have largely supplanted chemoimmunotherapy for both frontline and relapsed CLL. With the introduction of additional innovative agents and regimens, the clinical role of measurable residual disease (MRD) has become complicated. <i>Methods:</i> In this article, we will review the existing literature on MRD and its utility in the management of CLL. We will review the definitions of MRD, review MRD detection methods, and discuss the use of MRD in the current CLL treatment landscape. In doing so, we will clarify the present and conceivable future roles of MRD for the treatment of CLL. <i>Conclusions:</i> MRD is a powerful tool to assess response to CLL therapies, and can be prognostic with certain treatment regimens, such as fixed-duration venetoclax-based treatment. While we do not recommend MRD testing in routine clinical practice, we believe it has an important role in assessing treatment response and will be utilized routinely in the future. Further studies to incorporate MRD into treatment strategies for CLL are ongoing and will help to inform how we utilize it in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101706
Yiqun Han, Ahmed Shah, Yuan Yao, Robert W Mutter, Meng Xu-Welliver
{"title":"Clinical Differences Among Histological Categories of Sarcoma: Insights from 97,062 Patients.","authors":"Yiqun Han, Ahmed Shah, Yuan Yao, Robert W Mutter, Meng Xu-Welliver","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101706","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the clinical heterogeneity of sarcomas by examining associations between histological subtypes, metastatic patterns, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed data from 97,062 adult patients diagnosed with sarcoma between 2000 and 2020, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Fourteen histological subtypes were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for baseline differences, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify prognostic variables. <b>Results:</b> The most prevalent subtypes were sarcoma not otherwise specified (31.9%), leiomyosarcoma (17.1%), and liposarcoma (13.9%). Metastatic patterns differed significantly by subtype; liver metastases were most common in sarcomas with small blue round cell (SBRC) features (8.9%) and stromal sarcoma (6.1%), while lung metastases were frequently observed in Ewing sarcoma (10.0%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (9.7%). Median overall survival (mOS) varied widely, ranging from 234 months in chondrosarcoma to 16-20 months in rhabdomyosarcoma and SBRC sarcoma. Overall, patients with primary sarcoma had significantly better survival than those with treatment-related disease (119.0 vs. 45.0 months, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), with this trend consistent across most subtypes. Treatment responses were subtype- and size-dependent. For instance, surgery plus radiotherapy improved outcomes in giant cell sarcoma regardless of tumor size, whereas chemotherapy provided benefit only in tumors larger than 5 cm. Combined surgery and radiotherapy offered additional survival benefit in select subtypes, including chordoma, leiomyosarcoma (>5 cm), and synovial sarcoma (<5 cm). <b>Conclusions:</b> Sarcomas exhibit substantial clinical and prognostic heterogeneity across histological subtypes. These findings underscore the importance of subtype-specific, individualized treatment strategies in optimizing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): A Focus on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, and NK/T-Cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Magdalena Łyko, Joanna Maj, Alina Jankowska-Konsur","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101709","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) encompass a diverse group of neoplasms arising from the clonal proliferation of B-cell progenitors, T-cell progenitors, mature B-cells, mature T-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. These malignancies account for over 90% of lymphoid neoplasms. The link between the gut microbiome and neoplasms has been extensively studied in recent years. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may be involved not only in the development of the disease, but also in modulating the efficacy of implemented therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the potential involvement of the gut microbiome in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Moreover, we discuss the relationship between gut microbiome changes before and after treatment and their association with treatment outcomes, focusing on chemotherapy and CAR T-cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101715
Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Paolo Pronzato, Domenico Amoroso, Grazia Arpino, Francesco Atzori, Alessandra Beano, Laura Biganzoli, Giancarlo Bisagni, Livio Blasi, Cristina Capello, Rita Chiari, Alessia D'Alonzo, Michelino De Laurentiis, Angela Denaro, Alessandra Fabi, Daniele Farci, Francesco Ferraù, Elena Fiorio, Alessandra Gennari, Francesco Giotta, Filippo Giovanardi, Vanesa Gregorc, Lorenzo Livi, Emanuela Magnolfi, Anna Maria Mosconi, Raffaella Palumbo, Palma Pugliese, Carlo Putzu, Giuseppina Rosaria Rita Ricciardi, Ferdinando Riccardi, Laura Scortichini, Simon Spazzapan, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Nicola Tinari, Giuseppe Tonini, Anna Maria Vandone, Giorgio Mustacchi
{"title":"Survival Outcomes of Luminal Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients According to Changes in Molecular Subtype at Re-Biopsy: Insights from the GIM-13-AMBRA Study.","authors":"Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Paolo Pronzato, Domenico Amoroso, Grazia Arpino, Francesco Atzori, Alessandra Beano, Laura Biganzoli, Giancarlo Bisagni, Livio Blasi, Cristina Capello, Rita Chiari, Alessia D'Alonzo, Michelino De Laurentiis, Angela Denaro, Alessandra Fabi, Daniele Farci, Francesco Ferraù, Elena Fiorio, Alessandra Gennari, Francesco Giotta, Filippo Giovanardi, Vanesa Gregorc, Lorenzo Livi, Emanuela Magnolfi, Anna Maria Mosconi, Raffaella Palumbo, Palma Pugliese, Carlo Putzu, Giuseppina Rosaria Rita Ricciardi, Ferdinando Riccardi, Laura Scortichini, Simon Spazzapan, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Nicola Tinari, Giuseppe Tonini, Anna Maria Vandone, Giorgio Mustacchi","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101715","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: The treatment of MBC patients is guided by receptor status, with re-biopsy at relapse recommended to reassess hormone receptor (HR) status. Various treatment options are available for HER2-veMBC, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and checkpoint inhibitors. The study highlights the importance of determining receptor subtype for guiding treatment choices. <b>Patients and Methods</b>: The GIM 13 AMBRA study is a longitudinal cohort study involving 42 centers in Italy. It includes data from 939 HER2- MBC patients enrolled between May 2015 and September 2020. The study analyzes the impact of HR expression changes on clinical outcomes using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and other statistical methods. <b>Results</b>: Among the 939 patients, 588 were rebiopsied at first relapse. The study found no significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), or overall survival (OS) between patients whose tumors changed molecular subtype and those who did not. However, post-progression survival from first-line treatment (PPS1) was different between the two groups. <b>Discussion</b>: The study confirms the phenomenon of receptor discordance between primary tumors and metastases. It emphasizes the need for re-biopsy in recurrent MBC to guide treatment strategies. The findings align with previous studies and highlight the importance of understanding receptor changes for improving patient outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b>: The GIM 13 AMBRA study provides valuable insights into the impact of molecular subtype changes on survival outcomes in Luminal MBC patients. It underscores the importance of re-biopsy and personalized treatment strategies in managing metastatic breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Skin Cancer: What's New?","authors":"Sarah Bencardino, Francesca Bernardi, Mariangela Allocca, Alessandra Zilli, Federica Furfaro, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, Ferdinando D'Amico","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101710","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The introduction of biologic therapies and small molecule drugs has revolutionized the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), providing targeted control of inflammation. However, concerns remain regarding their long-term safety profiles, particularly in relation to cancer risk. Chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive therapies contribute to malignancy risk, including skin cancers, such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). This review examines the evidence on skin cancer risks associated with these therapies, focusing on specific drug classes and their mechanisms. <b>Results:</b> Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have shown conflicting evidence regarding melanoma risk, with some studies reporting a modest increase and others finding no significant association. Anti-integrin agents, such as vedolizumab, and interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors, including ustekinumab, have demonstrated favorable safety profiles with minimal skin cancer risks. Selective IL-23 inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators have limited long-term data, but early findings indicate a low incidence of skin malignancies. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors do not show an increased risk of skin cancers in IBD. <b>Conclusions</b>: Current evidence suggests that skin cancer risk in IBD patients treated with biologics and small molecule drugs varies by drug class. TNF inhibitors and JAK inhibitors are associated with higher risks, while other therapies show lower malignancy risks. Regular skin cancer screening and protective measures remain critical, particularly for patients with additional risk factors. Further long-term studies are essential to refine safety profiles and inform clinical practice in this evolving therapeutic landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101698
Laura Keaver, Christopher McLaughlin
{"title":"Understanding the Diverse Experiences of Those Living with and Beyond Cancer: Implications for Personalised Care from a Latent Profile Analysis of HRQoL.","authors":"Laura Keaver, Christopher McLaughlin","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101698","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality of life is a multidimensional construct that encompasses how an individual's social, emotional, and physical traits influence everyday life [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101702
Ronald Anderson, Nomzamo M Mkhize, Mahlatse M C Kgokolo, Helen C Steel, Theresa M Rossouw, Lindsay Anderson, Bernardo L Rapoport
{"title":"Current and Emerging Insights into the Causes, Immunopathogenesis, and Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Ronald Anderson, Nomzamo M Mkhize, Mahlatse M C Kgokolo, Helen C Steel, Theresa M Rossouw, Lindsay Anderson, Bernardo L Rapoport","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101702","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with the ominous risks of metastasis and recurrence, underscores the importance of identifying novel therapies and validated biomarkers to augment patient management, particularly in the context of well-established and advanced disease. Following a brief overview of the well-recognized epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of cSCC, the current review is focused on risk factors, most prominently excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) as a cause of persistent, pro-tumorigenic mutagenesis, and immune suppression. The next phase of the review encompasses an evaluation of the search for key driver mutations in the pathogenesis of cSCC, including the role of these and other mutations in the formation of immunologically reactive neoepitopes. With respect to additional mechanisms of tumorigenesis, immune evasion is prioritized, specifically the involvement of cell-free and infiltrating cellular mediators of immune suppression. Prominent amongst the former are the cytokine, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the prostanoid, prostaglandin E2, and the emerging immune suppressive nucleoside adenosine. In the case of the latter, tumor-infiltrating and circulating regulatory T cells have been implicated as being key players. The final sections of the review are focused on an update of the immunotherapy of established and advanced disease, as well as on the search for novel, reliable lesional and systemic biomarkers with the potential to guide patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.3390/cancers17101703
Sakshi Arora, Andrew M Scott, Peter W Janes
{"title":"ADAM Proteases in Cancer: Biological Roles, Therapeutic Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities.","authors":"Sakshi Arora, Andrew M Scott, Peter W Janes","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101703","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase) family members are multifunctional transmembrane proteases that govern tumorigenesis and metastasis by cleaving membrane-bound substrates such as growth factors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Several ADAMs, including ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, and ADAM17, are overexpressed in malignancies and are linked with a poor prognosis. These proteases contribute to tumour growth by regulating cell proliferation, cell fate, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. ADAM10 and ADAM17, especially, facilitate the shedding of critical developmental and growth factors and their receptors, as well as immuno-regulatory molecules, hence promoting tumour progression, immune escape, and resistance to therapy. Recent work has unveiled multiple regulatory pathways that modulate ADAM functions, which include trafficking, dimerization, and conformational modifications that affect substrate accessibility. These observations have rekindled efforts to produce selective ADAM inhibitors, avoiding the off-target consequences reported with early small molecule inhibitors targeting the enzyme active site, which is conserved also in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Promising approaches tested in preclinical models and, in some cases, clinical settings include more selective small-molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates designed to specifically target ADAMs. In this review, we will discuss the emerging roles of ADAMs in cancer biology, as well as the molecular processes that control their function. We further discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting ADAMs, with a focus on recent advances and future directions in the development of ADAM-specific cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}