Cancers最新文献

{"title":"Correction: De Sanctis et al. Lck Function and Modulation: Immune Cytotoxic Response and Tumor Treatment More Than a Simple Event. <i>Cancers</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 2630.","authors":"Juan Bautista De Sanctis, Jenny Valentina Garmendia, Hana Duchová, Viktor Valentini, Alex Puskasu, Agáta Kubíčková, Marián Hajdúch","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and Prognostic Stratification Based on Genomic Features in Myelodysplastic and Myeloproliferative Neoplasm- and Their Overlapping Conditions.","authors":"Jong-Mi Lee, Ginkyeng Lee, Taeksang Kim, Ari Ahn, Jin Jung, Yoo-Jin Kim, Silvia Park, Daehun Kwag, Sung-Eun Lee, Sung-Soo Park, Tong-Yoon Kim, Bin Cho, Nack-Gyun Chung, Jae Wook Lee, Jae Won Yoo, Suejung Jo, Yonggoo Kim, Myungshin Kim","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Myeloid neoplasms encompass a diverse group of disorders. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical and genomic data of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS), and their overlapping conditions, such as MDS/MPN and aplastic anemia (AA), to help redefine the disease classification. <b>Methods</b>: Clinico-genomic data of 1585 patients diagnosed with MPN (<i>n</i> = 715), MDS (<i>n</i> = 698), MDS/MPN (<i>n</i> = 78), and AA (<i>n</i> = 94) were collected. Patterns of 53 recurrent genomic abnormalities were compartmentalized into 10 groups using a Dirichlet process (DP). <b>Results:</b> These genomic groups were correlated with specific genomic features, survival outcomes, and disease subtypes. Groups DP1 and DP5, characterized by <i>JAK2</i> and <i>CALR</i> mutations, respectively, showed very favorable prognoses among the patients with MPN. Groups DP2, DP7, and DP9 demonstrated very adverse prognoses across the disease subtypes. DP2 included patients with MDS harboring <i>TP53</i> mutations and complex karyotypes; DP9 comprised patients with acute myeloid leukemia-related mutations, including <i>NPM1</i>; and DP7 included patients with <i>SETBP1</i> mutations. Groups DP10 and DP8, linked to <i>SF3B1</i> and <i>DDX41</i> mutations or chromosome 1q derivatives, presented a favorable risk profile. Improved survival was observed with transplantation in groups DP2, DP7, and DP9. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings highlight the role of genomic classifications in guiding personalized treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing the understanding and management of myeloid neoplasms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrastive Clustering-Based Patient Normalization to Improve Automated In Vivo Oral Cancer Diagnosis from Multispectral Autofluorescence Lifetime Images.","authors":"Kayla Caughlin, Elvis Duran-Sierra, Shuna Cheng, Rodrigo Cuenca, Beena Ahmed, Jim Ji, Mathias Martinez, Moustafa Al-Khalil, Hussain Al-Enazi, Javier A Jo, Carlos Busso","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging systems have recently been developed to quickly and non-invasively assess tissue properties for applications in oral cancer diagnosis. As a non-traditional imaging modality, the autofluorescence signal collected from the system cannot be directly visually assessed by a clinician and a model is needed to generate a diagnosis for each image. However, training a deep learning model from scratch on small multispectral autofluorescence datasets can fail due to inter-patient variability, poor initialization, and overfitting. <b>Methods:</b> We propose a contrastive-based pre-training approach that teaches the network to perform patient normalization without requiring a direct comparison to a reference sample. We then use the contrastive pre-trained encoder as a favorable initialization for classification. To train the classifiers, we efficiently use available data and reduce overfitting through a multitask framework with margin delineation and cancer diagnosis tasks. We evaluate the model over 67 patients using 10-fold cross-validation and evaluate significance using paired, one-tailed <i>t</i>-tests. <b>Results:</b> The proposed approach achieves a sensitivity of 82.08% and specificity of 75.92% on the cancer diagnosis task with a sensitivity of 91.83% and specificity of 79.31% for margin delineation as an auxiliary task. In comparison to existing approaches, our method significantly outperforms a <i>support vector machine</i> (SVM) implemented with either <i>sequential feature selection</i> (SFS) (<i>p</i> = 0.0261) or L1 loss (<i>p</i> = 0.0452) when considering the average of sensitivity and specificity. Specifically, the proposed approach increases performance by 2.75% compared to the L1 model and 4.87% compared to the SFS model. In addition, there is a significant increase in specificity of 8.34% compared to the baseline autoencoder model (<i>p</i> = 0.0070). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our method effectively trains deep learning models for small data applications when existing, large pre-trained models are not suitable for fine-tuning. While we designed the network for a specific imaging modality, we report the development process so that the insights gained can be applied to address similar challenges in other non-traditional imaging modalities. A key contribution of this paper is a neural network framework for multi-spectral fluorescence lifetime-based tissue discrimination that performs patient normalization without requiring a reference (healthy) sample from each patient at test time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Hematological and Non-Hematological Disorders.","authors":"Qi Zhang, Rita Yim, Paul Lee, Lynn Chin, Vivian Li, Harinder Gill","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is associated with an increased risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) such as myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In general, CH comprises clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). It is an age-related phenomenon characterized by the presence of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that acquire a fitness advantage under selection pressure. Individuals with CHIP have an absolute risk of 0.5-1.0% per year for progressing to MDS or AML. Inflammation, smoking, cytotoxic therapy, and radiation can promote the process of clonal expansion and leukemic transformation. Of note, exposure to chemotherapy or radiation for patients with solid tumors or lymphomas can increase the risk of therapy-related MN. Beyond hematological malignancies, CH also serves as an independent risk factor for heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease. Prognostic models such as the CH risk score and MN-prediction models can provide a framework for risk stratification and clinical management of CHIP/CCUS and identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from close surveillance. For CH or related disorders, therapeutic strategies targeting specific CH-associated mutations and specific selection pressure may have a potential role in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Real Life, with the Emergence of Immunotherapy.","authors":"Alice Daumas, Celestin Bigarre, Mohamed Boucekine, Audrey Zaccariotto, Bertrand Kaeppelin, Alice Mogenet, Etienne Gouton, Johan Pluvy, Pascale Tomasini, Xavier Muracciole, Sebastien Benzekry, Laurent Greillier, Laetitia Padovani","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is recommended to decrease the incidence of brain metastases (BM) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ESSCLC) without BM after response to chemotherapy. However, PCI is associated with significant neurocognitive effects, and new studies are debating its benefits. Moreover, the introduction of immunotherapy in the management of the disease has raised new questions, and there is a lack of data on PCI and immunotherapy. We report a single-center retrospective study evaluating the impact of omitting PCI from real-life treatment, including immunotherapy, of patients with ES-SCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified patients followed at APHM between January 2014 and January 2021 for ES-SCLC without BM with an indication for PCI. The main assessment criteria considered in this study were overall survival (OS) and brain metastasis-free survival (BMFS) between patients who received PCI and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>56 patients were included, 25 receiving PCI and 31 without PCI. The median follow-up was 16 months. Eighteen patients received immunotherapy, mostly in the group without PCI (<i>p</i> = 0.024). The median OS and BMFS were, respectively, 11.7 and 13.4 months in patients with PCI, and 20.3 and 10.7 months in patients without PCI, without any significant statistical difference (<i>p</i> = 0.412, <i>p</i> = 0.336). The prognostic factors highlighted in multivariate analysis were initial performance status (PS) < 2 for OS (HR = 2.74 (IC95% [1.23; 6.13])) and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) < 0.12 for BMFS (HR = 1.21 (IC95% [1.01; 1.45])). A recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) found PS, immunotherapy, and age to be influential factors for OS but not PCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical results of our study showed no benefit of PCI in terms of OS and BMFS for patients with ES-SCLC. This can be explained by the lack of benefit of PCI or by the introduction of immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with Localized, Primary Head and Neck Synovial Sarcoma.","authors":"Riddhi R Patel, Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Behrang Amini, Alexander J Lazar, Patrick P Lin, Robert S Benjamin, Andrew J Bishop, Ryan P Goepfert, Dejka M Araujo","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> this study aims to evaluate the survival outcomes of patients suffering from head and neck synovial sarcoma (HNSS), especially in relation to patients with a localized disease at diagnosis. <b>Methods:</b> this retrospective chart review includes 57 patients diagnosed with primary HNSS between 1981 and 2020 who presented with a localized disease at diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) from the end of the primary tumor treatment are estimated. The Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards regression are used. <b>Results:</b> the 5-year OS, LRFS, and MFS are estimated at 80.4% (95% CI: 66.6%, 88.9%), 67.7% (95% CI: 50.0%, 80.4%), and 50.6% (95% CI: 34.4%, 64.8), respectively. Compared to patients undergoing surgical resection alone, those receiving radiation therapy (RT) with surgery have better LRFS (HR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.57), and those undergoing neo/adjuvant chemotherapy with surgery and RT have better MFS (HR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.95). Moreover, among the patients with tumors ≥ 4 cm, those subject to neo/adjuvant chemotherapy have significantly better MFS (5-year MFS: 53.2%, 95% CI: 29.0%, 72.5%) than those treated with surgery and RT alone (5-year MFS: 20.0%, 95% CI: 0.8%, 58.2%) (LR-<i>p</i> = 0.003). <b>Conclusions:</b> overall, the prognosis of HNSS patients looks favorable. Perioperative RT significantly improves local control, and perioperative chemotherapy plays a vital role in delaying metastasis formation in patients with primary HNSS when diagnosed with a localized disease. Importantly, we recommend that systemic therapy should be considered for HNSS patients with tumors ≥ 4 cm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the Future of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Therapy: Immune-Based Strategies and Targeted Innovations.","authors":"Alberto Carturan, Sonia Morè, Antonella Poloni, Serena Rupoli, Erika Morsia","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous cutting-edge immunotherapy approaches have been developed for hematological malignancies, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors for lymphomas, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell treatments for B-cell cancers, and monoclonal antibody therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, achieving similar breakthroughs in MPNs has proven challenging. The key obstacles include the absence of universally expressed and MPN-specific surface markers, significant cellular and molecular variability among both individual patients and across different MPN subtypes, and the failure of treatments to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response due to the immune system disruptions caused by the myeloid neoplasm. Currently, there are several innovative therapies in clinical trials for MPNs. These include new JAK inhibitors with greater specificity for JAK2, as well as \"add-on\" medications designed to enhance the effectiveness of ruxolitinib, in both patients who are new to the drug and in those who have shown suboptimal responses. Additionally, there is ongoing exploration of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will explore the immunotherapy approaches that are currently used in clinical practice for MPNs, as well as emerging strategies that are likely to change the treatment of these diseases in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediagnostic Plasma Nutrimetabolomics and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Control Analysis Within the EPIC Study.","authors":"Enrique Almanza-Aguilera, Miriam Martínez-Huélamo, Yamilé López-Hernández, Daniel Guiñón-Fort, Anna Guadall, Meryl Cruz, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Agnetha L Rostgaard-Hansen, Anne Tjønneland, Christina C Dahm, Verena Katzke, Matthias B Schulze, Giovanna Masala, Claudia Agnoli, Rosario Tumino, Fulvio Ricceri, Cristina Lasheras, Marta Crous-Bou, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Amaia Aizpurua-Atxega, Marcela Guevara, Kostas K Tsilidis, Anastasia Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou, Elisabete Weiderpass, Ruth C Travis, David S Wishart, Cristina Andrés-Lacueva, Raul Zamora-Ros","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective</b>: Nutrimetabolomics may reveal novel insights into early metabolic alterations and the role of dietary exposures on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. We aimed to prospectively investigate the associations between plasma metabolite concentrations and PCa risk, including clinically relevant tumor subtypes. <b>Methods</b>: We used a targeted and large-scale metabolomics approach to analyze plasma samples of 851 matched PCa case-control pairs from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Associations between metabolite concentrations and PCa risk were estimated by multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple testing correction. <b>Results</b>: Thirty-one metabolites (predominately derivatives of food intake and microbial metabolism) were associated with overall PCa risk and its clinical subtypes (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but none of the associations exceeded the FDR threshold. The strongest positive and negative associations were for dimethylglycine (OR = 2.13; 95% CI 1.16-3.91) with advanced PCa risk (n = 157) and indole-3-lactic acid (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.09-0.87) with fatal PCa risk (n = 57), respectively; however, these associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results from the current nutrimetabolomics study suggest that apart from early metabolic deregulations, some biomarkers of food intake might be related to PCa risk, especially advanced and fatal PCa. Further independent and larger studies are needed to validate our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Circadian Rhythm of Intracellular Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation Through Heme Synthesis Pathway in Bladder Urothelial Cancer Cells Exposed to 5-Aminolevulinic Acid.","authors":"Nobutaka Nishimura, Makito Miyake, Sayuri Onishi, Mitsuru Tomizawa, Takuto Shimizu, Kenta Onishi, Shunta Hori, Yosuke Morizawa, Daisuke Gotoh, Yasushi Nakai, Nobumichi Tanaka, Kiyohide Fujimoto","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The standard recommendation for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis. The intensity of the fluorescence caused by the intracellular accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) varies among tumors and patients. This study investigated the circadian rhythm of intracellular PPIX accumulation in bladder urothelial cancer cells exposed to 5-aminolevulinic acid. <b>Methods</b>: The expression of two clock genes, <i>PER2</i> and <i>BMAL1</i>, and their impact on intracellular PPIX accumulation were evaluated in two bladder cancer cell lines, UM-UC-3 and J82, and mouse xenograft models. We evaluated the enzymes involved in the heme synthesis pathway that potentially affect the circadian rhythm of intracellular PPIX accumulation. The red fluorescence intensity of the images captured during photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumors was quantified and compared among the four groups according to surgery start time: 9 a.m.-11 a.m., 11 a.m.-1 p.m., 1-3 p.m., and 3-5 p.m. <b>Results</b>: We observed the circadian rhythm of intracellular PPIX accumulation, which was potentially regulated by the clock genes <i>PER2</i> and <i>BMAL1</i>. Two enzymes involved in the heme synthesis pathway, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase, exhibit a circadian rhythm. The fluorescence intensity started gradually increasing at 12 p.m., and the highest level was observed in patients who underwent surgery between 3 and 5 p.m. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest that it may be possible to optimize the timing of the photodynamic diagnosis in photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder cancer based on the circadian rhythm to improve tumor detection and treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Markers of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Aleksandra Ozygała, Joanna Rokosz-Mierzwa, Paulina Widz, Paulina Skowera, Mateusz Wiliński, Borys Styka, Monika Lejman","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic cancers characterized by hyperproliferation of the myeloid lineages. These clonal marrow disorders are extremely rare in pediatric patients. MPN is reported to occur 100 times more frequently in adults, and thus research is primarily focused on this patient group. At present, modern diagnostic techniques, primarily genetic, facilitate the identification of the biology of these diseases. The key genes are <i>JAK2</i>, <i>MPL</i>, and <i>CALR</i>, namely, driver mutations, which are present in approximately 90% of patients with suspected MPN. Moreover, there are more than 20 other mutations that affect the development of these hematological malignancies, as evidenced by a review of the literature. The pathogenic mechanism of MPNs is characterized by the dysregulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway (<i>JAK2</i>, <i>MPL</i>, <i>CALR</i>), DNA methylation (<i>TET2</i>, <i>DNMT3A</i>, <i>IDH1/2</i>), chromatin structure (<i>ASXL1</i>, <i>EZH2</i>), and splicing (<i>SF3B1</i>, <i>U2AF2</i>, <i>SRSF2</i>). Although rare, myeloproliferative neoplasms can involve young patients and pose unique challenges for clinicians in diagnosis and therapy. The paper aims to review the biological markers of MPNs in pediatric populations-a particular group of patients that has been poorly studied due to the low frequency of MPN diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}