Cancers最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of a 3S PRAME VLD-Specific T Cell Receptor and Its Use in Investigational Medicinal Products for TCR-T Therapy of Patients with Myeloid Malignancies.","authors":"Maja Bürdek, Petra U Prinz, Kathrin Mutze, Stefanie Tippmer, Christiane Geiger, Giulia Longinotti, Dolores J Schendel","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020242","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>MDG1011 is an autologous TCR-T therapy developed as a treatment option for patients with myeloid malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and multiple myeloma (MM). It is specific for the target antigen PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME). The recombinant TCR used in MDG1011 recognizes PRAME_100-108 VLD-peptide presented by HLA-A*02:01-encoded surface molecules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two preclinical batches of MDG1011, produced from enriched CD8+ T cells of healthy donors, underwent rigorous evaluation of on-target and off-target recognition of tumor cells and test cells representing healthy tissues. MDG1011 investigational medicinal products (IMPs) were produced for 13 patients. VLD-TCR surface expression was assessed using dual-marker flow cytometry using TCR V-beta-specific antibody and VLD/HLA-A2-specific multimer. Functionality was assessed by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion and cell-mediated cytotoxicity of target cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical MDG1011 batches displayed strong VLD-TCR expression, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity after antigen-specific activation, while showing no signals of on-target/off-tumor or off-target recognition. All IMPs had good VLD-TCR expression as well as functionality after activation by multiple target cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preclinical studies demonstrated that MDG1011 displayed key 3S attributes of high specificity, sensitivity, and safety required for regulatory approval of a first-in-human (FIH) clinical study of patients with myeloid malignancies (CD-TCR-001: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03503968). MDG1011 IMP manufacturing was successful at 92%, even including heavily pretreated elderly patients with very advanced disease. The IMPs applied in nine patients all displayed antigen-specific functionality. Elsewhere, clinical study results for MDG1011 showed no dose-limiting toxicity and signs of biological and/or clinical activity in several patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging in Urothelial Cancer: Current Status and Future Directions.","authors":"Sam McDonald, Kevin G Keane, Richard Gauci, Dickon Hayne","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020232","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The role of molecular imaging in urothelial cancer is less defined than other cancers, and its utility remains controversial due to limitations such as high urinary tracer excretion, complicating primary tumour assessment in the bladder and upper urinary tract. This review explores the current landscape of PET imaging in the clinical management of urothelial cancer, with a special emphasis on potential future advancements including emerging novel non-¹⁸F FDG PET agents, PET radiopharmaceuticals, and PET-MRI applications. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed database, using keywords such as \"PET\", \"PET-CT\", \"PET-MRI\", \"FDG PET\", \"Urothelial Cancer\", and \"Theranostics\". Studies were screened for relevance, focusing on imaging modalities and advances in PET tracers for urothelial carcinoma. Non-English language, off-topic papers, and case reports were excluded, resulting in 80 articles being selected for discussion. <b>Results</b>: ¹⁸F FDG PET-CT has demonstrated superior sensitivity over conventional imaging, such as contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, for detecting lymph node metastasis and distant disease. Despite these advantages, FDG PET-CT is limited for T-staging of primary urothelial tumours due to high urinary excretion of the tracer. Emerging evidence supports the role of PETC-CT in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in identifying recurrence, with a high diagnostic accuracy reported in several studies. Novel PET tracers, such as ⁶⁸Ga-labelled FAPI, have shown promising results in targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, providing higher tumour-to-background ratios and detecting lesions missed by traditional imaging. Antibody-based PET tracers, like those targeting Nectin-4, CAIX, and uPAR, are under investigation for their diagnostic and theranostic potential, and initial studies indicate that these agents may offer advantages over conventional imaging and FDG PET. <b>Conclusions:</b> Molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving field in urothelial cancer, offering improved diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. While ¹⁸F FDG PET-CT has shown utility in staging, further prospective research is needed to establish and refine standardised protocols and validate new tracers. Advances in theranostics and precision imaging may revolutionise urothelial cancer management, enhancing the ability to tailor treatments and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms of Resistance and Novel Treatment Approaches.","authors":"Shabnam Eghbali, Thatcher Ross Heumann","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020236","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and, with only 15-20% of HCC patients being suitable for potentially curative treatments, the vast majority of patients with HCC ultimately require systemic therapy. For decades, the choice of effective systemic therapy for HCC remained sparse. In recent years, after the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab demonstrated superior overall survival over the first-line standard, sorafenib, there has been a major therapeutic paradigm shift to immunotherapy-based regimens for HCC. While representing a great leap forward for the treatment of this cancer, the reality is that less than one-third of patients achieve an objective response to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy, so there remains a significant clinical need for further therapeutic optimization. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of immunotherapy for unresectable HCC and delve into the tumor intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to established immunotherapies with a focus on novel therapeutic targets with strong translational potential. Following this, we spotlight emerging immunotherapy approaches and notable clinical trials aiming to optimize immunotherapy efficacy in HCC that include novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor microenvironment modulators, targeted delivery systems, and locoregional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic-Assisted Colon Cancer Surgery: Faster Recovery and Less Pain Compared to Laparoscopy in a Retrospective Propensity-Matched Study.","authors":"Chun-Yu Lin, Yi-Chun Liu, Chou-Chen Chen, Ming-Cheng Chen, Teng-Yi Chiu, Yi-Lin Huang, Shih-Wei Chiang, Chang-Lin Lin, Ying-Jing Chen, Chen-Yan Lin, Feng-Fan Chiang","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020243","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objective</b>: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with colon cancer accounting for approximately 60% of all CRC cases. Surgery remains the primary and most effective treatment. Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has emerged as a promising approach for colon cancer resection. This retrospective study compares RAS and laparoscopic-assisted surgery (LSS) for stage I-III colon cancer resections at a single medical center in East Asia. <b>Methods</b>: Between 1 January 2018, and 29 February 2024, patients undergoing colectomy were classified into right-side and left-side colectomies. Propensity score matching was conducted based on age group, gender, ASA score, and BMI to ensure comparability between groups. After matching, there were 50 RAS and 200 LSS cases for right colectomy (RC), and 129 RAS and 258 LSS cases for left colectomy (LC). Perioperative outcomes were compared between the two surgical approaches. The primary outcomes were recovery milestones, while secondary outcomes included complications and postoperative pain scores. <b>Results</b>: RAS demonstrated faster recovery milestones compared to LSS (hospital stay: 6.5 vs. 10.2 days, <i>p</i> = 0.005 for RC; 5.5 vs. 8.2 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for LC). RAS also resulted in lower rates of ileus (14% vs. 26%, <i>p</i> = 0.064 for RC; 6.2% vs. 15.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.007 for LC) and higher lymph node yields (31.4 vs. 26.8, <i>p</i> = 0.028 for RC; 25.8 vs. 23.9, <i>p</i> = 0.066 for LC). Major complication rates showed no significant difference between RAS and LSS (4.0% vs. 7.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.746 for RC; 4.7% vs. 3.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.563 for LC). Patients in the RAS group experienced earlier diuretic phases and reported significantly lower postoperative pain scores (3.0 vs. 4.1, <i>p</i> = 0.011 for RC; 2.9 vs. 4.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for LC). <b>Conclusions</b>: Robotic-assisted surgery is associated with faster recovery, lower rates of ileus (LC), higher lymph node yield (RC) and reduced postoperative pain compared to laparoscopic-assisted surgery for colon cancer resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rare Entity of Basaloid Thymic Carcinoma: A Multicentric Retrospective Analysis from the Italian Collaborative Group for ThYmic MalignanciEs (TYME).","authors":"Chiara Catania, Sara Manglaviti, Paolo Zucali, Matteo Perrino, Enrico Ruffini, Luca Di Tommaso, Antonio Mazzella, Lorenzo Spaggiari, Angelo Delmonte, Giuseppe Lo Russo, Marina Garassino, Piergiorgio Solli, Giulia Pasello, Lorenzo Rosso, Filippo Lococo, Guido Rindi, Sara Ricciardi, Fernanda Picozzi, Paraskevas Lyberis, Benedetta Tinterri, Laura Pala, Fabio Conforti, Tommaso De Pas","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020239","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>thymic basaloid carcinoma (BTC) is an extremely rare tumor, and very little data are available on BTC's biology, clinical behavior, drug sensitivity, and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective observational study on patients diagnosed with BTC in 11 referral centers of TYME. All BTC diagnoses were reviewed by the referring pathologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight patients were identified. A total of 22/28 patients were included. Eighteen patients had TNM stage I-III disease, and all underwent surgery; three patients received preoperative chemotherapy, and 10 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. With a median follow-up of 46 (1-133) months, median overall survival (mOS) and median relapse-free survival were not reached. At 48 months, OS was 77% (95%CI 43-92), and DFS was 63% (95%CI 30-83). The median OS of the 4 patients diagnosed with metastatic disease was 7 months. Six patients received first-line systemic treatment for metastatic disease, and all showed tumor responses. Anti-tumor activity was also observed with an anti-VEGFR TKI and a multi-TKI inhibitor combined with an anti-PD1 antibody. Next-generation sequencing performed in three tumor samples did not identify actionable alterations or microsatellite instability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BTC is an extremely rare tumor that usually presents as a localized disease. Patients diagnosed with stage I-III disease can achieve long-term DFS, and efforts should be made to perform radical surgical resection combined with perioperative treatment whenever appropriate. Patients with advanced disease progression have a poor prognosis despite a high response rate to systemic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Treatment Decisions for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: A Reinforcement Learning Approach.","authors":"Hakan Şat Bozcuk, Leyla Sert, Muhammet Ali Kaplan, Ali Murat Tatlı, Mustafa Karaca, Harun Muğlu, Ahmet Bilici, Bilge Şah Kılıçtaş, Mehmet Artaç, Pınar Erel, Perran Fulden Yumuk, Burak Bilgin, Mehmet Ali Nahit Şendur, Saadettin Kılıçkap, Hakan Taban, Sevinç Ballı, Ahmet Demirkazık, Fatma Akdağ, İlhan Hacıbekiroğlu, Halil Göksel Güzel, Murat Koçer, Pınar Gürsoy, Bahadır Köylü, Fatih Selçukbiricik, Gökhan Karakaya, Mustafa Serkan Alemdar","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020233","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although higher-generation TKIs are associated with improved progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, the optimal selection of TKI treatment remains uncertain. To address this gap, we developed a web application powered by a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to assist in guiding initial TKI treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and mutational data from advanced NSCLC patients were retrospectively collected from 14 medical centers. Only patients with complete data and sufficient follow-up were included. Multiple supervised machine learning models were tested, with the Extra Trees Classifier (ETC) identified as the most effective for predicting progression-free survival. Feature importance scores were calculated by the ETC, and features were then integrated into a Deep Q-Network (DQN) RL algorithm. The RL model was designed to select optimal TKI generation and a treatment line for each patient and was embedded into an open-source web application for experimental clinical use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 318 cases of EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC were analyzed, with a median patient age of 63. A total of 52.2% of patients were female, and 83.3% had ECOG scores of 0 or 1. The top three most influential features identified were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (log-transformed), age (log-transformed), and the treatment line of TKI administration, as tested by the ETC algorithm, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.73, whereas the DQN RL algorithm achieved a higher AUC value of 0.80, assigning distinct Q-values across four TKI treatment categories. This supports the decision-making process in the web-based 'EGFR Mutant NSCLC Treatment Advisory System', where clinicians can input patient-specific data to receive tailored recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RL-based web application shows promise in assisting TKI treatment selection for EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC patients, underscoring the potential for reinforcement learning to enhance decision-making in oncology care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Confirms Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia as a Distinct Oral Cancer Subtype: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Alex Proaño, Gracia Sarrion-Perez, Leticia Bagan, Jose Bagan","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020245","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Oral cancers in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL-OSCC) exhibit different clinical and prognostic outcomes from those seen in conventional oral squamous cell carcinomas (cOSSCs). The aim of the present study is to compare the genome-wide DNA methylation signatures in fresh frozen tissues between oral squamous cell carcinomas in patients with PVL and cOSCC using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was carried out at the Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the General University Hospital of Valencia. For the epigenomic study, unsupervised exploratory bioinformatic analyses were performed using principal component and heatmap analysis. Supervised differential methylation analyses were conducted using a rank-based regression model and a penalized logistic regression model to identify potential prognostic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The unsupervised analyses of the global methylation profiles did not allow us to differentiate between the distinct oral cancer groups. However, the two supervised analyses confirmed the existence of two oral carcinoma phenotypes. We identified 21 differentially methylated CpGs corresponding to 14 genes. Among them, three CpGs had not been previously assigned to any known gene, and the remaining were associated with genes unrelated to oral cancer. The AGL, WRB, and ARL15 genes were identified as potential prognostic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the significant role of epigenetic dysregulation in OSCC, particularly in cases preceded by PVL. We have provided data on differential methylation genes that could be involved in the molecular carcinogenesis of PVL-OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Regucalcin: A Potent Suppressor in the Cancer Cell Microenvironment.","authors":"Masayoshi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020240","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regucalcin gene is located on the X chromosome, comprising seven exons and six introns. This gene and protein are expressed in various tissues and cells and is predominantly expressed in human liver, kidney, and adrenal tissues. Regucalcin gene expression is enhanced via a mechanism mediated by several signaling molecules and transcription factors. Regucalcin plays a multifunctional role in cellular regulation in maintaining cell homeostasis. In addition, regucalcin has been implicated in several metabolic disorders and diseases. In particular, regucalcin plays a role as a novel suppressor in several types of cancer patients. Increased expression of regucalcin suppresses the growth of human cancer cells, suggesting its pivotal role in suppressing tumor development. The survival time of cancer patients is prolonged with increased expression of regucalcin in the tumor tissues. The adhesion, migration, invasion, and bone metastatic activity of cancer cells are blocked by the overexpression of regucalcin, promoting dormancy in cancer patients. Interestingly, regucalcin is also found in human serum, suggesting its character as a novel biomarker in various diseases. This extracellular regucalcin has been shown to suppress human cancer cells' growth and bone metastatic activity. Thus, extracellular regucalcin may play a vital role as a suppressor of human cancer activity. Alteration of the serum regucalcin levels in physiological and pathophysiological conditions may influence the activity of cancer cells in the microenvironment. This review will discuss the potential role of extracellular regucalcin in cancer cell activity as a critical suppressor in the cancer microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of Peripheral Intraneural Tumors: A Comprehensive Review for Radiologists.","authors":"Kapil Shirodkar, Mohsin Hussein, Pellakuru Saavi Reddy, Ankit B Shah, Sameer Raniga, Devpriyo Pal, Karthikeyan P Iyengar, Rajesh Botchu","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020246","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Intraneural tumors (INTs) pose a diagnostic challenge, owing to their varied origins within nerve fascicles and their wide spectrum, which includes both benign and malignant forms. Accurate diagnosis and management of these tumors depends upon the skills of the radiologist in identifying key imaging features and correlating them with the patient's clinical symptoms and examination findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comprehensive review systematically analyzes the various imaging features in the diagnosis of intraneural tumors, ranging from basic MR to advanced MR imaging techniques such as MR neurography (MRN), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article emphasizes the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions using characteristic MRI features, such as the \"target sign\" and \"split-fat sign\" for tumor characterization. The role of advanced multiparametric MRI in improving biopsy planning, guiding surgical mapping, and enhancing post-treatment monitoring is also highlighted. The review also underlines the importance of common diagnostic pitfalls and highlights the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to achieve an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment strategy, and post-therapy surveillance planning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this review, we illustrate the main imaging findings of intraneural tumors, focusing on specific MR imaging features that are crucial for an accurate diagnosis and the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SORL1-Mediated EGFR and FGFR4 Regulation Enhances Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Ziyan Jiang, Fangfang Bi, Zhiping Ge, Miranda Mansolf, Tobias M P Hartwich, Viktoriia Kolesnyk, Kevin Yang, Wonmin Park, Dongin Kim, Olga Grechukhina, Pei Hui, Sang Wun Kim, Yang Yang-Hartwich","doi":"10.3390/cancers17020244","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17020244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy are a major challenge of ovarian cancer treatment. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is critical for developing more effective targeted therapies for ovarian cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of thirteen pairs of matching primary and recurrent ovarian cancers to identify genes that were upregulated in the recurrent tumors. Among these genes, we identified sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) and its role in promoting carboplatin resistance through regulating the stability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth receptor 4 (FGFR4) using ovarian cancer models in vitro and in vivo. We further identified that an anti-SORL1 antibody inhibited the pro-tumor functions of SORL1. Our data showed that a selective inhibitor of FGFR4, FGF401, can improve the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer. This study has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of targeting the SORL1/FGFR4 pathway to improve the chemoresponse of patients with recurrent and/or resistant ovarian cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}