{"title":"Genetic Blueprints in Lung Cancer: Foundations for Targeted Therapies.","authors":"Andra Dan, Livia-Malina Burtavel, Madalin-Codrut Coman, Ina-Ofelia Focsa, Simona Duta-Ion, Ioana-Ruxandra Juganaru, Andra-Giorgiana Zaruha, Patricia-Christina Codreanu, Irina-Maria Strugari, Iulian-Andrei Hotinceanu, Laurentiu-Camil Bohiltea, Viorica-Elena Radoi","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer, a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of the lung, is characterized by its aggressive growth and poor prognosis, making it a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234045
Alessandro Gambella, Roberto Fiocca, Marialuisa Lugaresi, Antonietta D'Errico, Deborah Malvi, Paola Spaggiari, Anna Tomezzoli, Luca Albarello, Ari Ristimäki, Luca Bottiglieri, Elena Bonora, Kausilia K Krishnadath, Gian Domenico Raulli, Riccardo Rosati, Uberto Fumagalli Romario, Giovanni De Manzoni, Jari Räsänen, Sandro Mattioli, Federica Grillo, Luca Mastracci
{"title":"Pre-Surgical Endoscopic Biopsies Are Representative of Esophageal and Esophago-Gastric Junction Adenocarcinoma Histologic Classes and Survival Risk.","authors":"Alessandro Gambella, Roberto Fiocca, Marialuisa Lugaresi, Antonietta D'Errico, Deborah Malvi, Paola Spaggiari, Anna Tomezzoli, Luca Albarello, Ari Ristimäki, Luca Bottiglieri, Elena Bonora, Kausilia K Krishnadath, Gian Domenico Raulli, Riccardo Rosati, Uberto Fumagalli Romario, Giovanni De Manzoni, Jari Räsänen, Sandro Mattioli, Federica Grillo, Luca Mastracci","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives:</b> The Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Study Group Europe (EACSGE) recently proposed a granular histologic classification of esophageal-esophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinomas (EA-EGJAs) based on the study of naïve surgically resected specimens that, when combined with the pTNM stage, is an efficient indicator of prognosis, molecular events, and response to treatment. In this study, we compared histologic classes of endoscopic biopsies taken before surgical resection with those of the surgical specimen, to evaluate the potential of the EACSGE classification at the initial diagnostic workup. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 106 EA-EGJA cases with available endoscopic biopsies and matched surgical resection specimens were retrieved from five Italian institutions. Histologic classification was performed on all specimens to identify well-differentiated glandular adenocarcinoma (WD-GAC), poorly differentiated glandular adenocarcinoma (PD-GAC), mucinous muconodular carcinoma (MMC), infiltrative mucinous carcinoma (IMC), diffuse desmoplastic carcinoma, diffuse anaplastic carcinoma (DAC), and mixed subtypes. Related risk subgroups (low-risk versus high-risk) were also assessed. The correlations of histologic classes and risk subgroups between diagnostic biopsies and surgical resection specimens were explored with Spearman's correlation test. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives were also calculated. <b>Results:</b> A strong positive correlation between biopsies and surgical specimens occurred for both histologic classes (coefficient: 0.75, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and risk subgroups (coefficient: 0.65, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The highest sensitivities and specificities were observed for MMC, IMC, and DAC (100% and 99% for all), followed by WD-GAC (sensitivity 91%, specificity 79%) and PD-GAC (sensitivity 722%, specificity 86%). The low-risk and high-risk groups presented a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 76% (low-risk) and 76% and 89% (high-risk). <b>Conclusions:</b> The EACSGE histologic classification of EA-EGJAs and associated prognostic subgroups can be reliably assessed on pre-operative diagnostic biopsies. Further studies on larger and more representative cohorts of EA-EGJAs will allow us to validate our findings and confirm if the EA-EGJA biopsy histomorphology and clinical TNM staging will be as efficient as the surgical specimen histomorphology and pTNM in predicting patient prognoses and tailoring personalized therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234044
Agnieszka Drab, Krystian Wdowiak, Wiesław Kanadys, Maria Malm, Joanna Dolar-Szczasny, Grzegorz Zieliński, Mariola Borowska, Urszula Religioni
{"title":"A Global Regional Comparison of the Risk of Breast Cancer in Woman Using Oral Contraceptives-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Agnieszka Drab, Krystian Wdowiak, Wiesław Kanadys, Maria Malm, Joanna Dolar-Szczasny, Grzegorz Zieliński, Mariola Borowska, Urszula Religioni","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Incidence of breast cancer (BrCa) may be correlated with country development, with a rise in cases anticipated in regions of the world that are currently undergoing an economic transformation. Herein, differences with regard to the occurrence of breast cancer between individual countries may depend on the distribution of risk factors, the level of early detection, also ethnicity and race, as well as clinical characteristics. The aim of our study was to identify and then investigate observational studies in which the risk of breast cancer was associated with the use of oral hormonal contraceptives (OCs), with particular emphasis on geographic region, and to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the obtained data. <b>Methods</b>: RR (relative risk) was calculated and displayed in forest plots for visual interpretation. Accordingly, 74 studies involving a total of 198,579 women were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. This is the first meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the evidence between OC use and BrCa risk in connection with geographical region. <b>Results</b>: The cumulative results of the meta-analysis for specific parts of the world are: Africa (RR = 1.16, <i>p</i> = 0.216) and the Americas (RR = 1.03, <i>p</i> = 0.597); Asia (RR = 1.29, <i>p</i> = 0.014); European countries (RR = 1.01, <i>p</i> = 0.904); and Middle East countries (RR = 1.29, <i>p</i> = 0.043). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of BrCa for the analyzed variables that depended upon the geographical region. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our meta-analysis suggests that OC use may be associated with a higher BrCa risk, although a statistically significant association was not found for all geographical regions of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234046
Fatih Gurcan, Ahmet Soylu
{"title":"Synthetic Boosted Resampling Using Deep Generative Adversarial Networks: A Novel Approach to Improve Cancer Prediction from Imbalanced Datasets.","authors":"Fatih Gurcan, Ahmet Soylu","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study examines the effectiveness of different resampling methods and classifier models for handling imbalanced datasets, with a specific focus on critical healthcare applications such as cancer diagnosis and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address the class imbalance issue, traditional sampling methods like SMOTE and ADASYN were replaced by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which leverage deep neural network architectures to generate high-quality synthetic data. The study highlights the advantage of GANs in creating realistic, diverse, and homogeneous samples for the minority class, which plays a significant role in mitigating the diagnostic challenges posed by imbalanced data. Four types of classifiers, Boosting, Bagging, Linear, and Non-linear, were assessed to evaluate their performance using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC AUC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline performance without resampling showed significant limitations, underscoring the need for resampling strategies. Using GAN-generated data notably improved the detection of minority instances and overall classification performance. The average ROC AUC value increased from baseline levels of approximately 0.8276 to over 0.9734, underscoring the effectiveness of GAN-based resampling in enhancing model performance and ensuring more balanced detection across classes. With GAN-based resampling, GradientBoosting classifier achieved a ROC AUC of 0.9890, the highest among all models, demonstrating the effectiveness of GAN-generated data in enhancing performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings underscore that advanced models like Boosting and Bagging, when paired with effective resampling strategies such as GANs, are better suited for handling imbalanced datasets and improving predictive accuracy in healthcare applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234033
Nabil Adam, Robert Wieder
{"title":"Predictive Modeling of Long-Term Survivors with Stage IV Breast Cancer Using the SEER-Medicare Dataset.","authors":"Nabil Adam, Robert Wieder","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Treatment of women with stage IV breast cancer (BC) extends population-averaged survival by only a few months. Here, we develop a model for identifying individual circumstances where appropriate therapy will extend survival while minimizing adverse events.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our goal is to develop high-confidence deep learning (DL) models to predict survival in individual stage IV breast cancer patients based on their unique circumstances generated by patient, cancer, treatment, and adverse event variables. We previously showed that predictive DL survival modeling of potentially curable stage I-III patients can be improved by combining time-fixed and time-varying covariates. Here, we demonstrate that DL-based predictive survival modeling in stage IV patients, where treatment does not offer a cure, can generate accurate individual survival predictions by considering subsequent lines of potential treatment to guide therapy. This guidance is rarely obtainable in the nearly limitless scenarios of metastatic disease.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>We applied the SEER-Medicare linked dataset from 1991 to 2016 to investigate 14,312 unique stage IV patients with 1,880,153 entries. We used DeepSurv- and DeepHit-, Nnet-survival- and Cox-Time DL-based predictive models to consider the combination of time-fixed and time-varying covariates at each visit for each patient. We adopted random sampling to divide the input dataset into training, validation, and testing sets. We verified the models' implementation using the pycox package and fine-tuned the models using the open-source library Amazon SageMaker Python SDK 2.232.2 (software development kit). Our results demonstrated the proof of principle of the models by generating individual patients' survival curves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>By extending the survival prediction models to consider stage IV BC patients' time-fixed and time-varying covariates, we achieved a prediction error below 10%. Based on their circumstance-specific situations, these models can predict survival in individual stage IV patients with high confidence. The models will serve as an important adjunct to treatment decisions in patients with stage IV BC and test what-if scenarios of treatment or no treatment options to optimize therapy for extending patient lives and minimizing adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234037
Liqiao Ma, Michael Digby, Kevin Wright, Marguerite A Germain, Erin M McClure, Francisca Kartono, Syed Rahman, Scott D Friedman, Candace Osborne, Alpesh Desai
{"title":"The Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Comorbidities on Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Recurrence After Image-Guided Superficial Radiation Therapy.","authors":"Liqiao Ma, Michael Digby, Kevin Wright, Marguerite A Germain, Erin M McClure, Francisca Kartono, Syed Rahman, Scott D Friedman, Candace Osborne, Alpesh Desai","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers in the United States. Image-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) is an effective treatment for NMSCs. Patient comorbidities and socioeconomic status (SES) are known contributors to health disparities. However, the impact of comorbidities or SES on the outcomes of IGSRT-treated NMSCs has not yet been studied. This study evaluated freedom from recurrence in IGSRT-treated NMSCs stratified by SES and the number of comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This large retrospective cohort study evaluated associations between SES (via Area Deprivation Index (ADI)) or comorbidity (via Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)) and 2-, 4-, and 6-year year freedom from recurrence in patients with IGSRT-treated NMSC (<i>n</i> = 19,988 lesions).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Freedom from recurrence in less (ADI ≤ 50) vs. more (ADI > 50) deprived neighborhoods was 99.47% vs. 99.61% at 6 years, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.2). Freedom from recurrence in patients with a CCI of 0 (low comorbidity burden) vs. a CCI of ≥7 (high comorbidity burden) was 99.67% vs. 99.27% at 6 years, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that there are no significant effects of SES or comorbidity burden on freedom from recurrence in patients with IGSRT-treated NMSC. This supports the expansion of IGSRT in deprived neighborhoods to increase access to care, and IGSRT should be a consideration even in patients with a complex comorbidity status.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234032
Marcin Adam Zębalski, Aleksandra Krzywon, Krzysztof Nowosielski
{"title":"Prehabilitation-A Simple Approach for Complex Patients: The Results of a Single-Center Study on Prehabilitation in Patients with Ovarian Cancer Before Cytoreductive Surgery.","authors":"Marcin Adam Zębalski, Aleksandra Krzywon, Krzysztof Nowosielski","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Prehabilitation is a low-cost, safe procedure with no side effects, and it may have a positive impact on postoperative outcomes. However, it is not widely implemented. Our study aimed to assess the impact of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer within the field of gynecological oncology. <b>Methods</b>: We analyzed 110 patients with ovarian cancer who participated in a prehabilitation program before cytoreductive surgery. Based on the results of a 6-min walk test (6MWT), patients were divided into two groups: Group A (patients who improved their 6MWT results) and Group B (patients who did not improve their 6MWT results). <b>Results</b>: Patients in Group A demonstrated better postoperative outcomes. The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in Group A compared to Group B (median 7 [5, 9] vs. 9 [6, 17], <i>p</i> = 0.032). Group A also had a lower overall number of complications and also fewer complications, as summarized by the Clavien-Dindo classification, compared to Group B. <b>Conclusions</b>: Patient adherence to prehabilitation recommendations was adequate. Prehabilitation was associated with improved postoperative outcomes, including shorter hospital stays and fewer complications. These benefits were more pronounced with higher patient compliance with the prehabilitation program and improvements were recorded in preoperative physical capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intraoperative Transbronchial Metallic Coil Marking for Small Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions in a Hybrid Operation Room.","authors":"Naoya Kawakita, Hiroaki Toba, Naoki Miyamoto, Shinichi Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Sumitomo, Taihei Takeuchi, Atsushi Morishita, Ayaka Baba, Emi Takehara, Keisuke Fujimoto, Masakazu Goto, Hiromitsu Takizawa","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Computed tomography (CT)-guided transbronchial metallic coil marking is useful for identifying the locations of small peripheral pulmonary lesions. Even deeply located lesions may be accurately identified and resected with adequate margins. This method is also applicable to multiple lesions. The present study examined the efficacy of our marking method using cone-beam CT (CBCT) under general anesthesia in a hybrid operation room. <b>Methods</b>: In the hybrid operation room, an ultrathin bronchoscope was inserted into the objective bronchus under virtual bronchoscopic navigation, and a metallic coil was installed under CBCT guidance. The lesion was then resected with wedge resection by single- or 3-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery under fluorescence guidance. Eighty-seven patients with 90 lesions were treated between October 2016 and December 2022. The median lesion size was 11 mm and the median distance from the pleural surface was 8.7 mm. Lesions comprised 19 pure ground-glass nodule (GGN), 35 partly solid, and 36 solid types. <b>Results</b>: All lesions were visualized by CBCT, and metallic coils were installed into the objective bronchi. The median distance from lesions to coils was 3.6 mm, and the median marking time was 23.5 min. All lesions were resected with sufficient margins. In total, 57 lesions were diagnosed as primary lung cancer, 26 as metastatic lung tumors, 3 as nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and 4 as others. There were no complications associated with the marking procedure. <b>Conclusions</b>: CBCT represents an alternative modality for identifying peripheral lung lesions due to its ability to visualize even small GGNs. It is a minimally invasive technique because the treatment sequence is completed under general anesthesia with the same quality as previous methods performed in a CT-equipped interventional radiology suite.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234036
Mafalda Costa, Catarina Lopes Fernandes, Helena Magalhães
{"title":"Perioperative Treatment in Gastric Cancer: A Fast-Changing Field.","authors":"Mafalda Costa, Catarina Lopes Fernandes, Helena Magalhães","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and its incidence is rising. Surgery is the only curative strategy and its association with perioperative chemotherapy is now standard treatment for most resectable tumors. Despite treatment advances, disease relapse is high, even in early stages, and continued improvement in curative treatment is imperative. With deeper knowledge of gastric cancer heterogeneity, molecular subtypes, and the tumor immune microenvironment, new standard treatment strategies may emerge in the near future. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current treatment landscape in resectable gastric cancer and future perspectives for the next decade regarding new agents such as targeted therapies, immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and the combination of multiple treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancersPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234034
Anthony E Quinn, Scott D Bell, Austin J Marrah, Mark R Wakefield, Yujiang Fang
{"title":"The Current State of the Diagnoses and Treatments for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Anthony E Quinn, Scott D Bell, Austin J Marrah, Mark R Wakefield, Yujiang Fang","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer, accounting for 75% of malignant kidney tumors, and is generally associated with poor patient outcomes. With risk factors including smoking, obesity, and hypertension, all of which have a high prevalence in the United States and Europe, as well as genetic factors including tuberous sclerosis complex and Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, there is an increasing need to expand our present understanding. The current clear cell renal cell carcinoma knowledge is outdated, with obsolete diagnostic criteria and moderately invasive surgical treatments still prevailing, partially ascribed to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The standard of treatment relies on surgical intervention, including radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy, while more recent treatments target neoplastic growth pathways and immune regulation checkpoints.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}