Cancers最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Nutrition in HPV Infection and Cervical Cancer Development: A Review of Protective Dietary Factors.","authors":"Maria Guitian, Gabriel Reina, Silvia Carlos","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While nutrition is often considered a protective factor against cancer, there is a scarcity of strong, conclusive evidence supporting its direct impact on cervical cancer (CC) prevention. This study aims to review the existing literature on the relationship between women's nutrition and infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of CC. It explores the key nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns that may influence the onset and progression of this disease, including research carried out in sub-Saharan Africa, other low-income countries, and worldwide. The review process revealed that, despite the large initial pool of articles, the majority were excluded because they were not focused on nutrition and CC. However, the articles that met the inclusion criteria suggested an association between diet and lower susceptibility to persistent HPV infections, which could progress into cervical lesions or cancer. Notably, lower folate intake was associated with up to a nine-fold higher risk of CIN3+ lesions (OR 8.9, 95% CI 3.4-24.9), while increased consumption of certain vitamins and antioxidant-rich foods consistently correlated with lower HPV persistence and progression. These results could indicate that consuming antioxidant compounds, certain vitamins, dietary patterns, and functional foods may offer protective benefits against developing this disease and its progression. By emphasizing nutrition as a modifiable factor, this review seeks to raise awareness and propose a holistic approach to CC prevention-integrating public health, dietary considerations, and equity-driven strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Cancer: Towards Precision Medicine.","authors":"Jacob Hagen, Logan Hornung, William Barham, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Adam Bess, Kevin Contrera, Devraj Basu, Vlad Sandulache, Guillaume Spielmann, Sagar Kansara","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) encompasses malignant neoplasms originating from the soft tissues of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, skin, and thyroid [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Sexual Health and Dysfunction Across the Cancer Care Continuum: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vivian Salama, Brandon M Godinich, Peyton M Lilly, Phillip M Pifer, Adrienne L Duckworth, Samantha J Hall, Maher Alabboodi, R Alfredo Siochi, David A Clump, Ashkan Emadi","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual dysfunction (SD) and sexual health problems are common distressing and often under-addressed issues among both male and female patients with cancer and without cancer [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylation Analyses in Liquid Biopsy of Lung Cancer Patients: A Novel and Intriguing Approach Against Resistance to Target Therapies and Immunotherapies.","authors":"Domenico Trombetta, Marco Donatello Delcuratolo, Federico Pio Fabrizio, Francesco Delli Muti, Antonio Rossi, Antonella Centonza, Francesco Pio Guerra, Angelo Sparaneo, Michele Piazzolla, Paola Parente, Lucia Anna Muscarella","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>As one of the intensely studied epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation plays a key role in tumours, including lung cancer. Hypermethylation in tumour suppressor genes or hypomethylation in oncogenes is an important event in tumorigenesis. Minimally invasive detection of aberrant DNA methylation by liquid biopsy could provide invaluable biomarkers for lung cancer screening, early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, also providing a useful tool to monitor response to targeted therapies and immunotherapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we discuss the current state-of-the-art cfDNA methylation analysis of NSCLC patients, examine the unique features and limitations of detection methods in a clinical context, and highlight the last research findings in the context of main biological and immunological therapies in lung cancer. Thus, the main goal of this review is to provide a critical overview of the most important published studies that report cfDNA methylation as prognostic biomarker for resistance to target therapies and immunotherapies in lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>DNA methylation-based biomarkers show promise for lung cancer detection and management. In particular, ctDNA methylation has been shown to play an important role in detecting resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies. Nonetheless, DNA methylation biomarkers still lack large-scale validation, actually precluding their rapid implementation in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoformulated Terpenoids in Cancer: A Review of Therapeutic Applications, Mechanisms, and Challenges.","authors":"Arunagiri Sharmila, Priyanka Bhadra, Chandra Kishore, Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj, Joachim Kavalakatt, Anupam Bishayee","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a major global health concern, and thus, there is a growing demand for efficient and selective therapies with low systemic toxicity. Natural bioactive compounds have emerged as promising alternatives, and terpenoids have shown notable anticancer properties. They exert antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects through the regulation of multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways, including modulation of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and inhibition of tumor-promoting inflammation. However, their clinical translation is constrained by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, and inadequate tumor accumulation. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer strategies to overcome these limitations. Nanocarrier-based systems improve the solubility, stability, and pharmacokinetics of terpenoids, while enabling tumor-targeted delivery and controlled release. Various strategies, such as enhanced permeability and retention effect, ligand-mediated active targeting, and stimuli-responsive release have been used to achieve selective tumor accumulation and improved therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of nanoformulated terpenoids in cancer with a special emphasis on their therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action. Preclinical studies demonstrate that nanocarrier-loaded terpenoids significantly increase bioavailability, enhance apoptosis, and suppress tumor angiogenesis compared with free terpenoids. The incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning further holds promise for the rational design of nanomedicines, accelerating their path toward clinical translation. Collectively, these developments position nanoformulated terpenoids as a powerful platform in precision oncology with strong potential for future application in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Prognostic Evaluation of the Revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2023 and 2009 Staging Systems in Early Endometrial Cancer.","authors":"Su Lim Lee, Yu Ri Shin, Hokun Kim, Sung Eun Rha","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: We comparatively evaluated the prognostic performance of the 2009 and 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems for early-stage endometrial cancer based on histological subtype stratification. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort of 472 patients with FIGO 2009 stage I-II between 2004 and 2019 was analyzed. Patients were restaged using both systems. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were determined according to histopathological aggressiveness. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank testing compared the performance of the systems. Cox proportional hazards regression identified independent prognostic factors. A hypothetical modification of the FIGO 2023 system was evaluated for aggressive subtypes. <b>Results</b>: In all, 388 patients had nonaggressive histology, and 84 patients had aggressive histology. For cases of nonaggressive histology, FIGO 2023 demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination for OS and RFS (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas FIGO 2009 showed significant stratification for OS (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but not RFS (<i>p</i> = 0.149). For cases of aggressive histology, FIGO 2009 showed significant stratification for RFS (<i>p</i> = 0.017) but not OS (<i>p</i> = 0.31), whereas FIGO 2023 showed no significant stratification for either endpoint. The hypothetical modification of the FIGO 2023 staging system showed significantly improved discrimination for RFS (<i>p</i> = 0.019) but not OS. Multivariate analysis identified age and lymphovascular space invasion as independent prognostic factors in nonaggressive cancers, whereas cervical stromal involvement was significant in aggressive subtypes. <b>Conclusions</b>: The prognostic utility of the FIGO staging system is histology dependent. Although FIGO 2023 offers enhanced risk stratification for nonaggressive endometrial cancers, its discriminatory power for aggressive subtypes remains limited, indicating the need for histology-specific refinements of future staging frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Many Patients with Choroidal Melanoma Would Be Eligible for Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy to Enable Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy?","authors":"Bertil Damato, Antonio Eleuteri, Sarah E Coupland, Helen Kalirai, Heinrich Heimann","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Neoadjuvant systemic therapy may enhance ocular and visual preservation, also prolonging life in patients with choroidal melanoma. We investigated how many choroidal melanomas would be eligible for such treatment to enable Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort comprised 5859 patients treated for choroidal melanoma at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre between 1993 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>If the objective is ocular conservation, then, after excluding tumors > 16 mm in diameter, involving disc and/or more than two clock hours of angle or iris, and/or extending extraocularly, approximately 60.5%, 65.1%, and 67.6% of patients would remain eligible for neoadjuvant systemic therapy, according to whether the maximum allowable tumor thickness is 8 mm, 10 mm or 12 mm, respectively. If the objective is preservation of 20/80 vision, and if exclusion criteria also include vision worse than 20/80 and tumor extension to within 3 mm of optic disc and/or fovea, then 31.0%, 33.2% and 34.1% of tumors would remain in the three tumor-thickness groups, respectively. Chromosome 3 loss would be found in approximately 33%, 52% and 56% of tumors measuring 11-12 mm, 13-14 mm and >14 mm, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the provided data and with effective neoadjuvant treatment, approximately two thirds of subjects with choroidal melanoma requiring enucleation could potentially become candidates for ruthenium-106 brachytherapy and as many as one third could also have the potential for preservation of useful vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypo-Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Management of Brain Metastases.","authors":"Stylianos Pikis, Georgios Mantziaris, Kimball Sheehan, Darrah Sheehan, Jason P Sheehan","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of brain metastases in cancer patients due to longer life expectancy and improvements in neuroimaging highlights the need for effective local treatments. Despite advancements in systemic targeted therapies, their low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrance limits their intracranial efficacy. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has largely supplanted whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for patients with up to 10 brain lesions due to superior neurocognitive outcomes and high local control. While single-fraction SRS provides low radiation toxicity with smaller lesions, high-volume metastases necessitate doses above tolerance limits to achieve comparable local control. As tumor volume increases, the number of tumor cells also increases, requiring higher doses of radiation than the maximum tolerated doses reported in the RTOG 9005 study to achieve tumor control. Hypo-fractionated SRS (HySRS) permits the delivery of high radiation doses over 2-5 fractions, thus mitigating the risk of radiation toxicity while maintaining high local control. This review presents the available evidence and ongoing clinical trials on HySRS for the management of brain metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Viral DNA Profiling in Obesity, Adenomatous Polyposis, and Colorectal Cancer Identifies Human β-Papillomavirus Types as Potentially Sex-Related and Modifiable Cancer Risk Indicators.","authors":"Veronica Fertitta, David Israel Escobar Marcillo, Grete Francesca Privitera, Manuela Del Cornò, Valeria Guglielmi, Annamaria Agnes, Barbara Varano, Luca Colangeli, Lorenzo Ferri, Sandrine McKay-Chopin, Paolo Sbraccia, Roberto Persiani, Alfredo Pulvirenti, Zdenko Herceg, Massimo Tommasino, Tarik Gheit, Paola Fortini, Lucia Conti","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and a leading cause of death worldwide. Identifying non-invasive, early indicators of CRC risk remains essential and could help reduce its health burden. Excess adiposity and chronic inflammation are major predisposing factors for precancerous adenomatous polyposis (AP) and CRC, while diet- or surgery-induced weight loss was associated with a reduced risk. Viral infections also represent cancer risk factors through direct or synergic mechanisms, though no definitive causal link has been established for CRC. Moreover, interest is growing on the role of oral viruses as predictors of disease. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, highly sensitive and specific Luminex-based screening assays were used to perform a comprehensive characterization of oral infections by Human Herpes (HHV), Polyoma (HPyV) and Papilloma (HPV) Viruses in CRC patients (N = 50), healthy controls (N = 46; normal weight, NW = 26; overweight, OW = 20), and high-risk individuals with obesity (N = 35) or adenomatous polyposis (AP, N = 22). <b>Results</b>: We observed increased HPyV prevalence in AP, and higher single and multiple β-HPV infection rates in AP and CRC compared to controls. A panel of β-HPV genotypes, including oncogenic HPV5, was overrepresented in CRC and high-risk groups, and some of them showed an association with the male sex. The prevalence of most infections decreased in the obese cohort following bariatric surgery, alongside weight loss and reduction of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, oral infections by viral types previously detected in CRC tissue and adjacent mucosa also declined after surgery. <b>Conclusions</b>: Altogether, these findings suggested a role for oral β-HPV types as potential sex- and lifestyle-related, modifiable indicators of cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Oncogenic Potential of Human Papillomavirus in Subungual and Plantar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature.","authors":"Richard Moraga, Theresa Hopkins, Gracie S Sclamberg, Elisa S Gallo","doi":"10.3390/cancers17183029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17183029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nail unit, known as the subungual region, and of the plantar foot is rare but often misdiagnosed due to its similar appearance to verruca, a common wart. The delayed diagnosis and treatment of SCC in the subungual and plantar foot leads to poorer outcomes. Human papillomavirus (HPV), and specifically the oncogenic potential of particular strains, influences SCC pathogenesis, progression, and treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review aims to address the current state of knowledge as well as deficits associated with clinical treatment of SCC in two anatomically challenging locations: verrucous carcinoma (VC), a variant of SCC that affects the plantar foot, and subungual SCC. Articles reviewed were evaluated based on date of publication, quality, and originality. Additionally, articles published after 2015 were given preferential consideration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review highlights considerations to reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes when considering two uncommon cutaneous malignancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recognize that misdiagnosis poses a barrier in the treatment of both plantar VC and subungual SCC. As such, we identify pertinent clinical pearls to assist in accurate identification and treatment of SCC in these locations. Lastly, we address the role of HPV and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of SCC to improve treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}