Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive investigation of early pilot (e-pilot) mode split injection variations for improving NG-diesel dual-fuel combustion in a medium-speed marine engine: Experiments and CFD study","authors":"Mustafa Deniz Altinkurt ,&nbsp;Gokhan Coskun ,&nbsp;Martin Tunér ,&nbsp;Ali Turkcan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas/diesel dual-fuel combustion is a novel technique that offers high thermal efficiency and reduced emissions without requiring extensive hardware changes or complex aftertreatment systems. Previous study conducted on the same setup has shown that increasing the diesel mass split ratio (SR) between two injections and advancing the start of first injection (SOI₁) improved NO_x, HC emissions, and combustion efficiency. In this study, in-cylinder flow, spray and combustion was simulated in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to reveal the effects of variable SR and early SOI₁, enabling e-pilot combustion. First, experiments at 50 % and 70 % SR were validated, and additional cases (85 and 92.5 %) with higher SR were analyzed via CFD simulations. Low and high temperature reactions are investigated using formaldehyde (CH₂O) and OH radicals, respectively.</div><div>Increasing SR delays low and high-temperature reaction phases. Initial OH formation occurs near the cylinder wall at SR = 50 % and shift toward the center as SR increases. Higher SR and advanced SOI₁ result in decreased P_max and retarded combustion. CFD results show that unburned HCs effectively decrease with increasing SR. Advancing SOI₁ results in a greater decrease in NO_x emissions than an increase in HC emissions. Increasing SR decreases both NO_x and HC emissions, increases gross indicated power by up to 3.9 %, and reduces specific fuel consumption by 2.5 %. The early pilot (e-pilot) strategy used in this work effectively controls fuel-temperature stratification and emissions by controlling low and high-temperature reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105881"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle carbon footprint analysis of deep load regulation in coal-fired power plants based on machine learning: A case study of a 1000 MW unit in Hunan province","authors":"Xiaopan Liu,&nbsp;Haonan Yu,&nbsp;Hanzi Liu,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global climate change intensifies, China has proposed goals of reaching peak emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Achieving these targets will require coal power plants, the backbone of China's electricity system, to provide more flexible peaking support as renewable penetrations rise. However, the deep peak shaving operation needed to bolster grid flexibility may significantly alter coal plants' carbon emission characteristics. Here we develop a comprehensive, machine learning-based model to analyze the lifecycle carbon footprint of a representative 1000 MW coal unit in Hunan Province under various loading regimes. Our model encompasses emissions from fuel transport, combustion, environmental controls, and other stages, finding that combustion accounts for approximately 60 % of total CO₂. Applying the model to scenarios with deep peak shaving, we show that carbon intensity may rise by 15–30 % compared to baseload conditions. Drawing on these insights, we propose operational strategies such as optimizing combustion and environmental controls at 20–50 % loading and using intelligent dispatch to minimize startup/shutdown cycles below 30 % loading. We demonstrate that such targeted measures could avoid approximately 5 % of CO₂ emissions when the unit operates below 30 % capacity for over 1000 h per year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105861"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical investigation into enhancing natural convection heat transfer through corona wind in a needle-to-cylinder configuration","authors":"Chakrit Suvanjumrat ,&nbsp;Jetsadaporn Priyadumkol ,&nbsp;Kunthakorn Khaothong ,&nbsp;Weerachai Chaiworapuek","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing natural convection heat transfer in heated electrical devices, particularly those with curved geometries and limited space for cooling systems is a crucial area of research. This study experimentally evaluated the performance of a corona wind generator—an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) system—employing needle-to-cylinder configurations to improve natural convection around a heated cylinder. Three configurations were investigated: a single vertical wire electrode, a single lateral wire electrode, and two lateral wire electrodes, positioned perpendicular to the cylindrical surface at varying distances. Voltages ranging from 0 to 9000 V were applied to produce a corona wind jet. The findings revealed that lateral wire electrode configurations significantly enhanced natural convection heat transfer, achieving an average Nusselt number improvement exceeding 51.17 % at 8000 V compared to natural convection alone. Among these, the single lateral electrode configuration demonstrated superior performance, yielding a 13.87 % higher average Nusselt number than the vertical electrode configuration. It was observed that the corona wind jet initially impinged on the heated cylinder; however, increasing the distance between the electrode tip and the cylinder caused the jet to rise due to buoyancy, reducing its cooling effectiveness. Despite this limitation, the lateral electrode configurations effectively enhanced natural convection. The experimental results were utilized to develop a practical Nusselt number correlation that integrates voltage, electrode tip distance, distance of two electrodes, and cylinder diameter. The proposed model demonstrated high accuracy, with R² values ranging from 0.81 to 0.94, offering a valuable tool for designing efficient cooling systems for electrical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105864"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer and thermal radiation analysis on unsteady nonlinear curved stretching sheet with convective heat exchange and slip velocity dynamics","authors":"Shakil Shaiq ,&nbsp;Noreen Sher Akbar ,&nbsp;Rashid Mehmood ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Tripathi ,&nbsp;Taseer Muhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow of nanofluid over a curved stretching surface has significant practical implications in several advanced engineering applications such as cooling of electronics and power devices, heat exchanger designs (like in helical coils or curved channels), polymer manufacturing, metal and textile, metal forming, in turbines and compressors, and many more. By using nanofluids, cooling or lubrication during these processes can be enhanced. Keeping this in mind, the present study deals with propylene glycol-based nanofluid's transport and thermal mechanism over an unsteady, nonlinear curved stretching sheet. Nanometer-sized particles of gold and silver are infused in the propylene glycol to constitute a working nanofluid. The prevailing governing problem is modeled using a curvilinear coordinate system, keeping in view the geometrical configuration of the problem at hand. Problem is simplified using boundary layer approach and partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and dimentionless parameters. Numerical solutions are evaluated for velocity, temperature, skinfriction and Nusselt number. Significant physical profiles such as velocity, temperature, Skin friction, Nusselt number, and streamline patterns are explored against various sundry parameters. Higher skin friction is noticed in the case of Silver-Propylene Glycol based nanofluid compared to Gold-Propylene nanofluid, while the opposite behavior is witnessed for the case of Nusset number where gold nanoparticles depicted promising results in better heat transfer rates. Magnetic field parameter has a substantial impact on streamlining patterns by suppressing turbulence and improving overall flow stability.It is seen that nanoparticles bring 1 % rise in skin friction, slip parameter influence on skin friction is 20 %, streaching parameter m and Hartman number M rise skin friction 1 % and 3 % respectively.It is also analyzed that Biot number highly influence the Nusselt number 55 % as compared to the other parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105869"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Even Span Greenhouse Solar Dryer (ESGSD) for drying Persian shallot; Kinetic analysis, machine learning modeling and quality evaluation","authors":"Morteza Taki ,&nbsp;Mohammad Noshad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Jasemi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Isvandi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental analysis of the Even Span Greenhouse Solar Dryer (ESGSD) for drying Persian shallot. The results are compared with three different oven drying methods at three temperatures including: 70 °C, 60 °C and 50 °C. Additionally, the study includes color analysis, kinetic modeling and mass prediction of dried shallot using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model. The results showed that for the oven drying methods at 50 °C and 60 °C, the Modified Midilli model had the highest accuracy, while for 70 °C the Hasibuan and Daud was the most accurate model. The RMSE indexes were 0.024, 0.014 and 0.027 for the oven methods at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C, respectively. For Solar 1 and Solar 2 (both in ESGSD), the Two-term and Hasibuan and Daud models were the best, both with an RMSE of 0.019. Color analysis indicated no significant difference in the ΔE index between the oven method at 50 °C and ESGSD drying. However, significant differences were observed for the oven methods at 60 °C and 70 °C compared to other methods. The GPR model, using the K-fold cross-validation, showed MAPE of 2.77 %, 3.91 % and 3.34 % for training, testing and total phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105880"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hall current impact and variable thermal conductivity of hydrodynamic nanostructure semiconductors subjected to decaying heat source","authors":"Hashim M. Alshehri","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of Hall currents, nonlocality, and variable thermal conductivity on wave propagation within a nanostructured hydrodynamic semiconductor medium. Utilizing a two-dimensional (2D) framework grounded in photo-thermoelasticity theory, we employ the normal mode technique to analyze the interactions between thermal, elastic, acoustic, and electromagnetic waves under the influence of Hall currents and nonlocally parameters. This approach allows us to investigate the complex coupling and propagation dynamics arising from thermomechanical and photothermal effects, considering the unique impacts of thermal conductivity variations. Additionally, specific boundary conditions are applied to better simulate realistic scenarios subjected to decaying heat sources, and the results are presented graphically to illustrate the effects quantitatively. The discussion of these numerical results provides new insights into wave dynamics in advanced nanostructure hydro-semiconductor materials, with implications for high-precision nanotechnology applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105875"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscous dissipation and variable density impact on heat-mass transmission in magneto Ree-Eyring nanofluid across stretched sheet with multiple slips","authors":"Irfan Haider ,&nbsp;Nawishta Jabeen ,&nbsp;Ahmad Hussain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Mohsin ,&nbsp;Jihad Younis ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Shaaban ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Assiri","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105871","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present research investigates the impact of entropy optimization and variable density on heat and mass transfer in magneto Ree-Eyring nanofluid across stretched sheet with thermal-concentration slip. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids is increased by adding nanoparticles in base fluids. In many industrial sectors, the primary cooling mechanism occurs with the movement of non-Newtonian nanofluids such as biomedical engineering, cancer therapy, thermally extraction systems, and other fields. The partial differential equations (PDEs) model of present work transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using well defined similarity variable and stream functions. These differential equations are further solved by using central difference technique and Newton-Raphson method. The graphical and numerical results of physical factors of present model with the support of Keller Box scheme and MATLAB software. Quantitative information about the patterns of nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and velocity with respect to other physical parameters such as Prandtl number (Pr), power-law index (n), Lewis number (&lt;em&gt;Le&lt;/em&gt;), thermophoretic factor (Nt), Brownian motion number (Nb), Weissenberg number (We), magnetic field (ξ), Eckert factor (Ec), thermal slip (Bt), and concentration slip (Bc) are established. The findings are demonstrated and examined in detail using a number of graphical presentations. The numerical amount of skin friction (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;″&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Nusselt&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;number&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;′&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;concentration&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;rate&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ϕ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;′&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; are measured and compared with literature and have demonstrated good validation. The temperature and mass transmission processes have got maximum amount at Ec = 5.0 and velocity profile inclined up at ξ = 1.0 while the value of Weissenberg number remained high We = 20.1. It is found that the skin friction profile (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;″&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) has expressed declined with increasing Le, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;″&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, achieved maximum value at Le = 0.1 and then reduced at Le = 2.5. The &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;′&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and radiative effects on unsteady MHD flow of Casson fluid past a rotating porous medium with variable mass diffusion","authors":"J. Prakash ,&nbsp;A. Selvaraj ,&nbsp;P. Ragupathi ,&nbsp;Qasem M. Al-Mdallal ,&nbsp;S. Saranya","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines the radiative components in heat and mass transfer phenomena in an unsteady MHD flow of Casson fluid past a vertical plate, set in a rotating porous medium. The fluid on the surface of the plate is maintained at a constant temperature while the mass transfer is set to vary. To examine the impact of heat generation, radiation, and variable mass diffusion on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, the appropriate models are devised. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are addressed through the use of Laplace transformations. The findings indicate that buoyancy forces imparted by the Grashof numbers considerably increase the velocity due to convection currents. However, the magnetic parameter counteracts velocity due to the Lorentz force while larger porosity increases fluid flow. Furthermore, radiation was demonstrated to decrease velocity and temperature from loss of heating while heat transfer increased temperature and velocity by injecting energy into the system. From the above results it can be seen that there are applications of these findings in the industrial and environmental context for example during MHD flow and filtration processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105865"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire-induced temperature response of main cables and suspenders in suspension bridges: 1:4-scaled experimental and numerical study","authors":"Gaoming Du ,&nbsp;Gao Liu ,&nbsp;Ya Ni ,&nbsp;Bolong Xu ,&nbsp;Shaokun Ge ,&nbsp;Jiqiu Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As traffic increases, vehicle fires on suspension bridges present significant threats to structural integrity and traffic safety. This study, centered on a suspension bridge in China, investigates the thermal responses of main cables and suspenders during vehicle fires using 1:4 scale gasoline pool fire experiments and numerical simulations. The study examines the effects of wind speed, pool size, and lane position on flame dynamics and the temperature response of cables. The results demonstrated that higher wind speeds and larger pool sizes enhance the mass burning rate, leading to flame deflection and uneven temperature distribution along the cables. Under a wind speed of 1.56 m/s, the emergency lane fire generated a maximum temperature of approximately 960 °C at the base, while the slow lane fire reached 909 °C at a height of 1.6 m. These findings highlight the greater thermal threat posed by emergency lane fires. A fire protection zoning strategy is proposed: the 0–12.8 m zone should be protected with a target temperature of 1000 °C, and the 12.8–20.8 m zone with a target of 700 °C, with a fire resistance duration of 90 min. This research provides a critical reference for the fire protection design of suspension bridge cables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105878"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of a 10 kW photovoltaic power system and lithium battery energy storage system for off-grid electro-hydrogen coupling","authors":"Bo Hui ,&nbsp;Fu Liang ,&nbsp;Fan Ren ,&nbsp;Shengneng Zhu ,&nbsp;Sijun Su ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Li ,&nbsp;Qibin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The burgeoning adoption of photovoltaic and wind energy has limitations of volatility and intermittency, which hinder their application. Electro-hydrogen coupling energy storage systems emerge as a promising solution to address this issue. This technology combines renewable energy power generation with hydrogen production through water electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cell power generation, effectively enabling the consumption and peak load management of renewable energy sources. This paper presents a power system with a 10 kW photovoltaic system and lithium battery energy storage system designed for hydrogen-electric coupled energy storage, validated through the physical experiments. The results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in mitigating the impact of randomness and volatility in photovoltaic power generation. Moreover, the energy management system can adjust bus power based on load demand. Testing the system in the absence of photovoltaic power generation reveals its capability to supply energy to the load for 3 h, with a minimum operating load power of 3 kW, even under weather conditions unsuitable for photovoltaic power generation. These findings showed the potential of electro-hydrogen coupling energy storage systems in addressing the challenges associated with renewable energy integration, paving the way for a reliable and sustainable energy supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105877"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}