{"title":"ANFIS approach and thermal performance of solar air heaters integrated with phase change materials and porous foam gradient under mechanical vibrations","authors":"Saleh Chebaane , Somayeh Davoodabadi Farahani , Tarek Salem Abdennaji , Lioua Kolsi , Aliakbar Karimipour , Walid Aich","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically examines the performance of a solar air heater (SAH) that combines PCM, porous foam gradients, and forced mechanical vibrations. The impact of using PCMs, porous foam gradients, forced vibrations, and Re on the thermal efficiency of SAH(η) has been analyzed. Simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent software based on the FVM approach. Various scenarios for the spatial variation of porosity coefficients in the porous foam gradient were considered. The results designate that the incorporation of PCMs leads to a significant increment in η, with enhancements of 78 %, 77.07 %, 77.8 %, and 75.43 % for different materials, including RT35HC, Paraffin wax, Eicosane, and Tetracosane, respectively. Additionally, an increment in the Re correlates with a decrement in the average melting fraction, with the highest thermal efficiency observed at Re = 3000. Positioning the porous foam gradient in the PCM region, rather than in the air zone, results in an increment of η 13.35 %–13.74 %. The effect of mechanical vibrations on system performance leads to a reduction in η by 14 %–30 %. Finally, the artificial intelligence model, ANFIS neural network demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.99731, accurately predicting η. These findings can contribute to improving the design and η of SAHs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of heat pump drying process using NSGA-II and response surface methodology: a case study of sludge","authors":"Zhaofan Wu , Yongcun Li , Wentao Zhou , Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep drying is essential for the resource utilization of sludge, with the heat pump drying process currently being an energy-saving solution. A heat pump staged drying experimental device is built, and the drying process is set to three stages: low temperature (30 °C), medium temperature (40 °C), and high temperature (50 °C). To achieve multiple objectives of sufficient sludge drying effect, high energy efficiency, and short total drying time, this paper proposes an optimization method combining NSGA-II with response surface methodology. First, the efficacy coefficients of different objectives are determined for standardized evaluation. Then, the response model of each objective is obtained by response surface methodology, and the influence of the duration of each stage on the response is explored. Finally, the optimal process conditions are determined through the optimization of NSGA-II. The durations of the low, medium, and high temperature stages are 2.4897 h, 2.4878 h, and 1.5879 h, respectively. The corresponding energy efficiency score, drying effect, and total drying time are 0.8998, 0.8836, and 6.5654 h, respectively. Compared with constant medium temperature drying, the energy efficiency score increases by 4.3 %, the drying effect increases by 5.4 %, and the total drying time is reduced by 17.9 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analysis of thermal performance enhancement of photovoltaic–thermal system using ternary nanofluid","authors":"Ischia Kurniawati , Yonmo Sung","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) system equipped with CuO–MgO–TiO<sub>2</sub> as the ternary nanofluid transported via a serpentine tube for heat dissipation is proposed. The ternary fluid prevents overheating and enhances the thermal performance of the system. A numerical analysis was conducted using computational fluid dynamics with advanced consideration of the nanofluid concentration and temperature by involving specific input codes to predict the fluid properties. In the numerical analysis, the PVT system was evaluated using different nanofluid concentrations (0 %–0.9 %), inlet velocities (0.01–0.25 m/s), and solar irradiation magnitudes (300–1000 W/m<sup>2</sup>) under steady-state conditions. The results of a three-dimensional simulation indicate that employing a nanofluid with higher concentration and inlet velocity improves the convection during heat rejection from the plate surface. Although the investigation into the effect of nanofluid concentration indicates only a marginal contribution to temperature reduction, it enables more effective internal temperature distribution in the working fluid. Solar irradiation contributes further to the improvement of thermal performance by injecting more heat into the PVT system. The highest thermal performance enhancement of 40 % is achieved by accelerating the inlet velocity from 0.1 to 0.4 m/s. A subtle performance degradation is observed during concentration increments, which is counteracted by the substantial gains from the higher inlet velocity. The thermal performance of the PVT is improved by approximately 20 % when increasing the nanofluid concentration from 0 % to 0.5 % and solar irradiation from 700 to 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup>. These thermal enhancements also correspond to notable carbon reduction potentials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niu Yihui , Li Ziran , Si Rongjun , Wang Lei , Zhu Pikai , Jiang Lingui , Gong Yuke , Du Bingshu
{"title":"Study on the shock wave and flame propagation characteristics of gas explosion in multi-branch tunnel network","authors":"Niu Yihui , Li Ziran , Si Rongjun , Wang Lei , Zhu Pikai , Jiang Lingui , Gong Yuke , Du Bingshu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the explosion shock wave propagation law and flame propagation mechanism within a multibranch complex tunnel network, we built a multibranch complex pipeline experimental system consisting of parallel and angular branches. Gas explosion overpressure peak, flame propagation time, light signal, and other factors are then investigated. The peak overpressure of the gas at 9.5 % concentration is 1.083 MPa. In the parallel branch, overpressure tends to decrease with increasing propagation distance. In the angular branch, the peak overpressure in the middle part of the angular branch is higher than that in the rest of the measurement points, maximum value of 0.769 MPa. The direction of flame propagation is affected by pressure. the flame is weak in the angular branch of the pipeline network, and the flame is mainly propagated along the parallel branch. The maximum propagation speed is 312.85 m/s. The explosion causes the gas to expand and heat up, and the turbulence generated by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas disturbance enhances the flame duration and flame light signal. The results of the study will provide a reference for the prevention of gas explosions and the design of coal mine roadways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106282"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of a two-phase mini-channel cold plate for a 2 kW fiber laser device","authors":"Qingwen Gui, Youwei He, Yanan Zou, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase-change direct cooling is regarded as a promising thermal management scheme for the high power and lightweight fiber laser devices. However, limited research has been conducted to the design and analysis of the two-phase cold plate, which is the core component of the phase-change cooling system for fiber laser. This paper addresses the influence of the structure parameter on the performance of a two-phase mini-channel cold plate used in the phase-change cooling system for a 2 kW fiber laser. Firstly, a fluid-solid coupling heat transfer model for the baseline cold plate is established. The accuracy of the simulation is validated by experiment. Next, validated simulation method is employed to analyze the effects of rib number, rib width, and rib height on the heat dissipation performance of the cold plate. Further, the study investigates the impact of key operating parameters, including heat source power and refrigerant flow rate, on the performance of the phase-change cold plate. Finally, by analyzing the relationship between the highest temperature of the cold plate, heat source power, and coolant flow rate, a performance map is created for the highest temperature of the cold plate. This map allows for better matching of the required coolant flow rate for the cooling plate under given heat dissipation load, which would play a crucial role in designing the controller for the phase-change cooling system for the 2 kW fiber laser.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106277"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic performance analysis of sensible and latent cold thermal energy storage systems for building cooling networks","authors":"Bilal Lamrani , Rubayyi T. Alqahtani , Abdelhamid Ajbar , Mouhcine benaicha","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of increasing energy demands and the need for efficient cooling strategies in buildings, Cold Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems offer a promising solution for enhancing the energy flexibility of district cooling networks. However, there remains a need to better understand and quantify the dynamic performance of different TES technologies particularly under realistic operating conditions. This study aims to develop and compare the dynamic thermal performance of sensible and latent cold TES systems integrated into building cooling networks. A lumped dynamic thermal model is proposed for a shell-and-tube TES configuration, enabling fast and accurate simulation of system behavior. The model is validated using experimental data from the literature and applied to analyze chilled water (sensible storage) and phase change materials (PCMs) including RT4 and RT5HC (latent storage). Key performance indicators such as constant cold power delivery duration, tank state of discharge, and average cooling effectiveness are evaluated. Results demonstrate that increasing the cooling load from 50 kW to 70 kW reduces the cold power delivery duration by approximately 45 %. Conversely, increasing the PCM tank volume from 2 m<sup>3</sup> to 4 m<sup>3</sup> extends this duration by up to 80 %. The PCM RT5HC enables a discharging period 4.5 times longer than chilled water, with a cooling effectiveness reaching 60 % for a 6 m<sup>3</sup> tank compared to only 25 % for a 2 m<sup>3</sup> tank. These outcomes underscore the potential of latent TES especially when using high-latent-heat PCMs like RT5HC for achieving enhanced thermal stability, extended discharge capacity, and improved energy efficiency in practical district cooling applications. The proposed modeling approach provides a valuable tool for system design, control, and future optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analysis of molten iron flow and heat transfer in plumbing casting defect detection using split tracking approach","authors":"Sirawit Namchanthra , Pannita Phirommark , Tinnapob Phengpom , Jetsadaporn Priyadumkol , Wichuphan Wijitdamkerng , Watcharapong Chookaew , Chakrit Suvanjumrat , Machimontorn Promtong","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gravity sand casting, widely utilised in plumbing manufacturing for metal part production, is the focus of this research to enhance its efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to address molten flow, solidification, and cooling dynamics to reduce surface and internal defects. FLOW-3D CAST software was utilised with Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to examine flow patterns during the filling and solidification process. Suitable riser locations, quantities, and sprue placements were determined, emphasising their critical role in enhancing quality. The control of crystallisation temperatures and accurate positioning of pouring caps were also highlighted. Insights into refining gravity sand casting are provided, laying the groundwork for future CFD validation studies to confirm defect reduction in air valve production and further improvements in process parameters. Rapid filling within 20 s at 1550 °C influenced a 740-s solidification process. Key solidification phases between 100 and 600 s were crucial for improving casting efficiency and quality. Proper riser and sprue configurations were found to be essential for process efficiency and waste reduction, demonstrating economic benefits for sustainable manufacturing practices. Enhanced accuracy in simulating fluid dynamics during casting was achieved by benchmarking Split Lagrangian tracking schemes against other methods, which is critical for predicting process behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of flow phase transition and heat transfer of N2O medium at the rock core scale of dry hot rock","authors":"Yongsheng Liu , Jiansong Zhang , Jianxin Xia , Jianguo Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phase characteristics of the heat exchange medium play a crucial role in the thermal performance of the heat reservoir in Enhanced Geothermal Systems. A numerical model was developed at the core scale for a two-dimensional rough single fracture, incorporating the phase-change behavior of N<sub>2</sub>O. The thermal-hydraulic transport characteristics of liquid and supercritical N<sub>2</sub>O within a single fracture in hot dry rock were investigated under varying inlet velocity and temperature conditions. The results reveal the following key findings: (1) When N<sub>2</sub>O is in the supercritical state, vortex-like streamlines are more likely to form at the corners of the flow channel. Under high-velocity and low-temperature conditions, the temperature variation of N<sub>2</sub>O at the fracture edges exhibits a more pronounced sawtooth pattern. (2) At an inlet velocity of 0.01 m/s, the phase state of N<sub>2</sub>O varies at different locations within the fracture channel: liquid near the inlet and supercritical near the outlet. (3)Compared to the inlet temperature, the inlet velocity has a more pronounced effect on the heat extraction rate at the outlet. When the inlet velocity of N<sub>2</sub>O is 0.01 m/s and the temperature is 40 °C, the maximum heat extraction rate reaches 830.89 W/m. These findings provide valuable insights into the thermal-hydraulic transport processes of heat exchange medium with phase-change characteristics in fractured reservoirs of hot dry rock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative analysis of heat pipe and rotary regenerative heat exchangers","authors":"Koray Özdemi̇r , Elif Öğüt","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a mathematical modeling study combined with experimental part of a heat pipe heat exchanger (THEX) was performed. Then, the rotary type regenerative heat exchanger (RHEX), which is widely used in heat recovery applications, is also analytically modeled. Using these models confirmed by experimental data from literature, a regenerative heat exchanger design with the same volume as the heat pipe heat exchanger has been designed. Using proposed designs, heat pipe heat exchanger and rotary type regenerative heat exchanger with the same mass flowrates and air inlet temperatures were compared in terms of air outlet temperatures, total effectiveness value, total fan power requirements, mass and material cost. In this context, effects of hot stream inlet velocity were investigated. Under the same operating conditions, the total effectiveness value of THEX is found to be 24.7 % higher than RHEX, the total fan power requirement at RHEX is approximately 45 times higher than THEX, the total mass of RHEX is approximately 16 times higher than THEX. In addition, RHEX total material cost is approximately 4 times higher than THEX. In general, the heat pipe heat exchanger stands out in terms of effectiveness, total fan power requirement, and cost for heat recovery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junping Si, Guang Zhao, Yun Wang, Mingyan Tong, Jinkang Cheng, Jin Lei, Hongwei Wu, Yueyan Song, Yongqiang Li, Yong Luo
{"title":"Heat exchange capability of main heat exchangers in pressurized water test loop under low parameter conditions during fuel assembly irradiation","authors":"Junping Si, Guang Zhao, Yun Wang, Mingyan Tong, Jinkang Cheng, Jin Lei, Hongwei Wu, Yueyan Song, Yongqiang Li, Yong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steady-state irradiation test for fuel assemblies is a key aspect of nuclear reactor fuel development, for revealing irradiation resistance and verifying the safety of new fuel assemblies before engineering application. The impact of low parameter conditions on the heat transfer capacity of main heat exchangers in the pressurized high-temperature water test loop was studied. A segmented fitting method for determining flow turning points was established, and proposals for series-parallel configurations and new regenerative heat exchanger designs were presented. It is shown that the total heat exchange power of two main heat exchangers operating in parallel is not always greater than that of a single unit. There exists a flow turning point, and above this point, operating the two main heat exchangers in parallel is beneficial. Through segmented fitting, the flow turning points at different inlet water temperatures can be obtained. The average difference in turning points obtained from fitting and calculations is only 0.6 %, with a corresponding average power deviation of 1.8 %. Besides, for low parameter operating conditions, the issues of insufficient heat exchange power can be addressed by using a series connection of the main heat exchangers and adjusting the heat exchange area of the regeneration section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106276"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}