Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of drying performances of various types of heat pump tumble dryers at different climate regions","authors":"Yongju Lee ,&nbsp;Seonghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Changho Han ,&nbsp;Dongchan Lee ,&nbsp;Yongchan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clothes tumble dryers, including vented electric dryers (VEDs) and closed-loop heat pump dryers (CHDs), are widely used in households because of their convenience. However, VEDs consume excessive amounts of energy, and CHDs require a long drying time; therefore, improvements in both energy efficiency and drying speed are needed. This study proposes a novel vented heat pump tumble dryer (VHD) that combines the advantages of both the VED and CHD to improve the drying performance. The performance improvement and limitations of the VHD compared to those of the VED and CHD are analyzed using a simulation model. The VHD demonstrates an 18.1 % reduction in drying time and a 25.3 % reduction in overall power consumption compared to the CHD. Furthermore, the VHD shows a substantially higher specific moisture extraction rate than the VED with an optimized control logic, while maintaining a similar drying time. In addition, the VHD exhibits a better drying performance than the CHD in different climates, with up to 31 % shorter drying time and 55 % higher energy efficiency. The results of this study provide fundamental performance characteristics of various types of heat pump tumble dryers and can be used to optimize VHDs and CHDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105866"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer, exergy, and cost: A sustainable analysis of concentric tube heat exchangers","authors":"Samer Ali ,&nbsp;Chadi Nohra ,&nbsp;Georges El Achkar ,&nbsp;Jalal Faraj ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the heat transfer, exergetic performance, and overall cost of counter-flow concentric tube heat exchangers under various geometric and flow conditions. A systematic parametric analysis is performed using 2700 two-dimensional axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics simulations. The analysis spans Reynolds numbers from 1000 to 20000, covering both laminar and turbulent regimes, and considers four fluid combinations (air–air, air–water, water–air, water–water) with temperature-dependent properties. Geometric variations include three inner diameters (0.01 m, 0.02 m, 0.05 m), three diameter ratios (1.25, 1.5, 3), and three lengths (0.4 m, 0.6 m, 4 m). Results show that increasing Reynolds number enhances the heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient. For instance, the heat transfer coefficient remains below 60 W/m<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mi>⋅</mi></mrow></math></span>K for air–air configurations, rises to 100–150 W/m<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mi>⋅</mi></mrow></math></span>K for air–water and water–air cases, and reaches up to 2000 W/m<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mi>⋅</mi></mrow></math></span>K for water–water setups. Smaller inner diameters, lower diameter ratios, and longer heat exchangers achieve high effectiveness and exergetic efficiencies up to 0.8, indicating superior thermodynamic performance. However, these configurations often incur higher operating costs, exceeding 10,000–12,000 USD over a 10-year period for long, small-diameter units, compared to 2,000–2,600 USD for shorter or larger-diameter designs. This research provides a comprehensive framework to balance heat transfer enhancement, exergy utilization, and cost-effectiveness in designing sustainable heat exchanger systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature field characteristics of slab ends of double-block ballastless track in large daily temperature difference region","authors":"Youxin Wei ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Shiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanxi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In regions with large daily temperature differences, double-block ballastless tracks have experienced severe interface damage and warping deformation at the slab ends. A new indoor experiment was conducted on the track structure, simulating temperature variations through controlled air temperatures. Cross-sectional infrared data was analyzed to explore overlooked temperature field characteristics of slab ends. Combined with numerical simulations, the temperature field of the track slab was further analyzed. The results show that the daily temperature difference within the slab interior is significantly less than 50 % of that in the ambient air, whereas the daily temperature difference within a 60 cm range at the slab ends is much higher. Notably, the outermost 30 cm of the slab ends experiences a daily temperature difference that is 6–7 °C greater than that within the slab interior. The temperature gradient distribution at the slab ends displays a complex pattern, deviating from the typical top-to-bottom decreasing trend. Moreover, the maximum vertical overall temperature gradient across the track slab reaches approximately 30 °C/m. To enhance the adaptability of double-block ballastless tracks to harsh temperature environments, optimization of expansion joint settings and adjustment of design value for negative temperature gradient are recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105858"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing a novel metal-organic framework for clean water production: Synergistic evaporation boost in double slope distiller","authors":"Swellam W. Sharshir ,&nbsp;Mosaad R. Sharaby ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Naggar ,&nbsp;Lotfy A. Lotfy ,&nbsp;M. Ismail ,&nbsp;Areej Al Bahir ,&nbsp;N.S. Abd EL-Gawaad ,&nbsp;M.O.A. El-Samadony ,&nbsp;Sung-Hwan Jang ,&nbsp;Zhanhui Yuan ,&nbsp;Hany Koheil","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates the integration of Fe-Co-Al @ BTC Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) into a double slope solar still (DSSS) to enhance the evaporation rate. Three configurations were tested: MOF as a nanofluid in the basin water (Case I), MOF as a nanofluid with an atomizer (Case II), and MOF for thin film evaporation (Case III). A comprehensive 4E analysis—Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental—evaluated the performance of the DSSS relative to conventional solar still (CSS). The MOF improved DSSS performance through its superior thermal properties and large surface area. Performance results showed notable improvements. Energy efficiency increased significantly, with Case III improving by 103 %, Case II by 82.3 %, and Case I by 53.3 %. Exergy efficiency witnessed more dramatic enhancements, with Case III rising by 162 %, Case II by 137 %, and Case I by 70.6 %. Accumulated distillate followed a similar pattern, with Case III rising by 92.12 %, Case II by 68.54 %, and Case I by 34.66 %. Case III demonstrated the most promising outcomes, achieving the lowest freshwater cost at 0.0122 $/L—a 26.22 % reduction from CSS. Additionally, the MOF integration resulted in CO₂ mitigation ranging from 1.49 to 2.2 tons annually, generating carbon credits between 37.13 and 54.94 $/year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105876"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a diamond microchannel heat sink with orthogonal ribs","authors":"Liang Du ,&nbsp;Wenbo Hu ,&nbsp;Ningkang Deng ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongxing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As electronic devices advance toward higher power densities and increased miniaturization, the resulting rise in heat flux presents significant challenges to their performance, reliability, operational lifespan, and energy efficiency. Effective thermal management technologies ensure that electronic equipment operates under optimal conditions, extends its service life, improves system integration and reliability, and ensures compliance with industry regulations and standards. Microchannel heat sinks are gaining increasing attention as an efficient thermal management solution. This study systematically analyzes the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of diamond microchannel heat sinks with various rib types (rhombic transverse rib, rhombic vertical rib, and rhombic orthogonal rib) and shapes (circular orthogonal rib, rhombic orthogonal rib, forward triangular orthogonal rib, reverse triangular orthogonal rib, and square orthogonal rib) using numerical simulations performed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. The results indicate that rhombic transverse ribs and rhombic vertical ribs only disrupt the fluid flow in a single direction, whereas rhombic orthogonal ribs not only disturb the fluid in both transverse and vertical directions but also increase the solid-liquid contact area, thereby significantly enhancing heat transfer performance. However, the orthogonally arranged ribs complicate the fluid flow path and increase flow resistance, leading to a higher pressure drop. Compared to the transverse rib and vertical rib microchannel heat sinks, the heat transfer coefficient of the orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink increases by 182.8 % and 17.9 %, respectively, while the pressure drop rises by 1000.5 % and 17.5 %, respectively. The square orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink achieves an exceptional balance between pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient, resulting in the best comprehensive performance. Following that, the reverse triangular orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink, forward triangular orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink, and rhombic orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink demonstrated progressively lower comprehensive performance, with the circular orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink exhibiting the lowest comprehensive performance. In the square orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink, both the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient increase with the enlargement of rib width. When the rib width is 0.4, the performance evaluation coefficient reaches 1.92. Therefore, the unique rib arrangement design of the orthogonal rib microchannel heat sink not only optimizes fluid flow and enhances heat transfer capacity but also effectively addresses the heat dissipation challenges of electronic devices. It serves as an ideal thermal management solution for modern high-power, high-density integrated electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105850"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of unsteady MHD bio-convective flow with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux over a stretching surface","authors":"Chinnam A.A.E. Shalini ,&nbsp;Charankumar Ganteda ,&nbsp;G.V. Ramana Reddy ,&nbsp;B Uma Maheswari ,&nbsp;G. Kokila ,&nbsp;Vediyappan Govindan ,&nbsp;Haewon Byeon ,&nbsp;Seepana Praveenkumar ,&nbsp;Busayamas Pimpunchat","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study explores the properties of mass and heat transfer in a time-dependent, unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a permeable, radiative, and expanded surface, incorporating bio-convection, nanoparticle suspension, and gyrotactic bacteria dynamics. The model considers the effects of emission, speed slip, and bio-thermal convection in the fluid system. The Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model is employed to account for the finite speed of thermal diffusion, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with the shooting technique is utilized for numerical solutions. Additionally, the study investigates the influence of mass suction, heat source, and aligned magnetic field on the boundary layer. The local concentration of mobile microorganisms decreases as the stretching parameter and bio-convection Schmidt both improve. The concentration φ(η) gets stronger, and when Sc values increase, it decreases. The concentration of microorganism <span><math><mrow><mi>h</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>η</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is strengthened by increasing angle β, but it is diminished by increasing <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span> and Sc, respectively.Even if the rate of temperature transmission (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span>) is maximal for positive values of A relative to negative values, the friction drags (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) are more powerful for negative values of A than for positive values of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105862"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing battery and supercapacitor management in electric vehicles: A hybrid approach for enhanced performance and reduced harmonics","authors":"M. Siva Ramkumar ,&nbsp;S. Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;Jayant Giri ,&nbsp;T. Sathish ,&nbsp;Amanullah Fatehmulla","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating super-capacitors and batteries requires optimizing energy flow, designing robust controllers for different driving conditions, managing voltage ranges and power fluctuations, and thermal management to ensure system longevity and performance. According to studies, hybrid battery and supercapacitor (SCAP) energy management is best for electric vehicles (EVs). The PIDA-PCA-KF-ISGO hybrid technique uses the Proportional Integral Derivative Accelerator (PIDA), Principle Component Analysis with Kernel Function (PCA-KF), and Improved Snow Geese Optimization (ISGO). An online low-frequency battery power demand prediction approach uses a PIDA-PCA-KF algorithm trained using load power need to match hybrid energy storages dataset features. The SCAP receives high-frequency power requirements simultaneously. The ISGO method regulates SCAP voltage within a reasonable range. The method targets battery peak power and power variation. First, the SCAP's reference voltage is derived using real-time load and vehicle dynamics, motor parameters, driving environment, and regenerative braking systems. The approach uses input elements such load current, battery current, and SCAP State of Charge (SOC) to reduce battery power variance and loss. The suggested method is tested in MATLAB against numerous benchmarks. The recommended solution reduces battery current total harmonic distortion (THD) to 10.49 %, compared to 77.39 % by the standard differential flatness strategy and 34.52 % by the PSO strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic characteristics and oxygen threshold limiting the Re-ignition of overfired coal residues in sealed fire zones","authors":"Liangzhou Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Jinliang Li ,&nbsp;Xuyao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermodynamic properties and oxygen threshold limiting the re-ignition of overfired coal residues within sealed fire zones under controlled oxygen conditions. Thermogravimetric experiments were conducted to analyze re-ignition behavior across varying heating rates and oxygen concentrations. The re-ignition process is delineated into three distinct phases: low-temperature pyrolysis, oxygen adsorption, and combustion. Elevated oxygen concentrations accelerate re-ignition and combustion by lowering ignition and burnout temperatures, shortening combustion duration, and increasing the maximum weight loss rate, indicating a more rapid and intense combustion process. The threshold oxygen concentration for re-ignition suppression was identified between 3 % and 5 %, effectively restricting combustion due to limited oxygen availability. Re-ignition mechanisms shift with oxygen levels, from the A-E model at 5 %, to Jander diffusion at 15 %, and to the shrinking spherical model at 21 %. Below 5 % oxygen, combustion becomes oxygen-limited, with pyrolysis predominating. In this phase, the activation energy fluctuates and significantly decreases around the 5 % threshold, marking a critical shift in the combustion process. These insights offer important guidance for safely reopening fire zones in coal mines and for reducing re-ignition risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105863"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of vacuum cooling integrated ice thermal energy storage system in maintaining Malaysia's indoor thermal comfort conditions","authors":"Chong Jin Yang,&nbsp;Mohd Rashdan Isa","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the relationship between water volume, cooling rate, and thermal insulation in a vacuum cooling integrated ice thermal energy storage (ITES) system through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, experimental work, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) integration. CFD simulations explored the solidification process with varying water volumes and the melting process with different insulation materials, including nickel, aluminum, and copper. The results demonstrated that larger water volumes were harder to cool due to high latent heat, while nickel provided the best insulation performance. Experimental findings confirmed that water volume is inversely proportional to the cooling rate, with the lowest water level achieving the lowest final temperature in the cooling material production system while nickel is best used as insulation in cooling system. The highest water volume showed a higher COP due to its greater mass and energy output. Lastly, an IoT system, developed using Python and Freeboard software, was integrated into the system to show that IoT automation integration could further optimize energy efficiency and maximize system productivity. Overall, the results highlight the promising potential of the vacuum cooling ITES system for cooling applications and could satisfy thermal comfort requirements in Malaysia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105824"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal orientation of phase change material energy storage systems for different performance indicators and charging levels","authors":"Reda Ameen ,&nbsp;ELSaeed Saad ELSihy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shedid ,&nbsp;Hosny Abou-Ziyan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper establishes the contradictory relationship between the storage orientation and both the charging levels and the performance indicators of single-stage latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS). The performance indicators (cycle charging capacity, charging time, charging rate, and average effectiveness) at seven inclination angles (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90°) and six charging levels (0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 0.98, 0.99, and 1.0) are obtained. A three-dimensional transient simulation model based on the enthalpy porosity technique is developed to evaluate the LHTESS performance. The results showed that the best inclination angle for the single-stage LHTESS is strongly related to the charging level and the considered performance indicator. The charging time and charging rate are more sensitive to the orientation and charging level than the effectiveness or cyclic charging capacity. Conversely, the maximum cycle charging capacity is independent of the charging level, as it always occurs with the horizontal LHTESS. At the complete charging level, the lowest charging time, the highest charging rate, and average effectiveness happen at an inclination angle of 60°. In contrast, the highest charging rate occurs at inclination angles of 15, 30, 45, and 60° at charging levels of 0.50, 0.70–0.90, 0.98–0.99, and 1.0, respectively. Also, the highest average effectiveness occurs for the horizontal LHTESS at liquid fractions of 0.50 and 0.70, 30° for a liquid fraction of 0.90, and 45° for liquid fractions of 0.98 and 0.99.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105857"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}