Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of nano-particles on the combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on biodiesel-producer gas combination","authors":"K.A. Sateesh, V.S. Yaliwal, B.K. Murugande, N.R. Banapurmath, P.V. Elumalai, Dhinesh Balasubramanian, Krupakaran Radhakrishnan Lawrence, Yasser Fouad, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Huu Cuong Le, Thanh Tuan Le, Md Abul Kalam, Chan Choon Kit, Yelamasetti Balram","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105560","url":null,"abstract":"In this experimental study, efforts were undertaken to augment the overall efficiency of a dual-fuel engine. This present study was conducted in three steps. In the initial phase, Aluminium oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH)) was synthesized and analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). In the second part of the study, the impact of AlO(OH) NP dosage on the performance of a producer gas-powered diesel engine was investigated. To optimize adequate AlO(OH) NPs addition, three working fluids are prepared by dissolving NPs in dairy scum oil methyl ester (DiSOME) biodiesel ranging from 20 to 60 ppm and varied in steps of 20. In the next phase, the present study examined the effect of 60 ppm of various NPs, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and AlO(OH) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a 1-cylinder 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode using a combination of DiSOME and producer gas. The study concluded that DiSOME-PG operation with 60 ppm AlO(OH) and without nano-addition resulted in decreased BTE by 2.9 % and 14.6 % respectively compared to diesel-supported dual fuel operation. To the extent that exhaust levels are concerned, AlO(OH) addition to the DiSOME-PG combination lowers hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions than identical fuel amalgamation without AlO(OH) NP. It is noticed that the retarded combustion related to the DiSOME-producer gas mixture can be improved with NP addition. The DiSOME-producer gas functioning with NPs addition is the individuality of this current effort.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental comparison and optimal machine learning technique for predicting the thermo-hydraulic performance of Low-GWP refrigerants (R1234yf, R290, and R13I1/R290) during evaporation in plate heat exchanger","authors":"Rajendran Prabakaran, Thangamuthu Mohanraj, Palanisamy Dhamodharan, Sung Chul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105556","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, employing machine learning techniques (MLTs) to forecast the evaporation/condensation performance of refrigerants, namely the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and frictional pressure drop (FPD), has become increasingly significant. In the current investigation, an experimental comparison of the evaporation HTC and FPD of R1234yf, R290, and R13I1/R290 was explored in an offset strip fin-plate heat exchanger. Following this, six MLTs—support vector regressor (SVR), multilayer perceptron regressor (MLPR), gradient boosting regressor (GBR), AdaBoost regressor (ABR), ridge regressor (RR), and K-nearest neighbors regressor (KNNR)—were proposed to forecast the HTC and FPD of these refrigerants. The comparative experimental analysis revealed that the evaporation-HTC of R290 was 27.8–76.2 % and 46.2–73.8 % higher than that of R1234yf and R13I1/R290, respectively, while FPD declined by up to 74.8 % and 57.2 %, respectively. Under the same working conditions, the first transition from nucleation to convective boiling occurred in the order of R1234yf, R13I1/290, and R290. In addition, nucleate boiling dominated at lower vapor quality, while convective boiling prevailed at higher vapor quality. A total of 336 experimental data points corresponding to various test conditions from existing studies and current experiments were considered for the MLT prediction analysis. According to the results, GBR (without any enhancement approaches) was the best approach for forecasting the FPD and HTC, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.125 % and 0.131 %, respectively. Additionally, to enhance the forecasting efficiency of the MLTs, feature selection, analysis of principal components, and hyperparameter tuning were employed. According to feature importance, mass flux, reduced pressure, saturation temperature, heat flux, and entry vapor quality were identified as the most influential parameters on the FPD and HTC. Ultimately, the most accurate predictions of HTC and FPD, with the lowest MAE of 0.111 %, were achieved using MLPR and SVR, respectively, with feature selection.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categorization of R134a flow-induced vibration and noise in multi-conditions and effect of thermal load on the vibration in automobile air conditioning","authors":"Xin-Gang Zhu, Dong-Qing Zhu, Ming-Yu Shi, Zhi-Fu Zhou, Qin Zhao, Wen-Yu Jia, Ji-Xin Zhang, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105558","url":null,"abstract":"The gurgling and hiss noise near thermal expansion valve (TXV) in automobile air conditioning gradually become prominent. However, the causes of noise from the flow-induced vibration (FIV) have not been confirmed. In this paper, the vibration, noise and R134a-flow patterns are recorded synchronously to investigate the FIV causes in multi-conditions. Based on different flow patterns at TXV inlet, all conditions are categorized into four types to explore the relationship of flow patterns, FIV and noise. Then two causes are summarized. Firstly, the intermittent liquid-phase FIV is attributed to the intensive evaporation in a throttling process and mainly occurs in transition from liquid-phase flow to mist flow. Secondly, the sustaining two-phase FIV occurs as long as the gas of two-phase flow accelerates through TXV. For liquid-phase FIV, the pressure drop in two-phase region and vapor quality determined by thermal load always show positive correlation with vibration. For two-phase FIV, the annular-wavy flow increases amplitude of vibration peaks, but they are distributed at the similar frequency band regardless of thermal load and flow pattern. The vibration peaks of X, Y and Z are mainly distributed at 6000 Hz–9000 Hz. Decreasing thermal load reduces Y-vibration peak by 83.7 %.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure the role of hydrogen with algae spirogyra biodiesel and fuel-borne additive on a diesel engine: An experimental assessment on dual fuel combustion mode","authors":"S. Aravind ,&nbsp;Debabrata Barik ,&nbsp;Gandhi Pullagura ,&nbsp;Sreejesh S.R. Chandran ,&nbsp;Elumalai PV ,&nbsp;Prabhu Paramasivam ,&nbsp;Dhinesh Balasubramanian ,&nbsp;Yasser Fouad ,&nbsp;Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ,&nbsp;Md Abul Kalam ,&nbsp;Chan Choon Kit","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation is focused on the study of the overall performance of a single-cylinder diesel engine with the use of 99.99 % pure elemental hydrogen (H₂), as a gaseous fuel and algae Spirogyra biodiesel 30 % (SBD30) with 1.5 % Di-tert Butyl Peroxide (1.5%DTBP) as cetane improver and 2 % Algae Residual Carbon Nanoparticle (2%ARCNP). During the investigation, the hydrogen flow rate was controlled by an electronic gas injector and varied in the range of 5–20 lpm in the increment of 5 lpm. Among the fuel blends SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H₂ acted as a good combination to reduce ID and CD; and to boost HRR, BTE, and EGT. Additionally, this resulted in a drastic decline in the emission components such as HC, CO, and smoke. However, a surge in NO was observed for all the fuel sampled by the induction of H₂. For SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H₂ a shorter ID and CD were observed at 7.2°CA and 34.5 °CA than diesel respectively at full load. The MCP for SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H₂ was 81 bar which occurred at 9.2°CA, however, the HRR was 61.3 J/°CA which was 1.2 % lower than that of 20 LPM hydrogen flow rate, at full load respectively. By using hydrogen + DTBP + ARCNP, the BSFC was overall lower by about 22 % and the BTE was improved by about 36.1 %. The CO, HC, and smoke for SBD30 + 1.5%DTBP+2%ARCNP+15H₂ was 64.8 %, 38.8 %, and 29.2 % lower than diesel however, the NO emission was 32.6 % higher than diesel at full load respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 105566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on temperature gradient of ultra-thick foam sandwich composite structure during curing","authors":"Yi Sun ,&nbsp;Xue-Ying Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu-Kui Wang ,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Zhao ,&nbsp;Si-Si Xu ,&nbsp;Pei-Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Chu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper conducts numerical simulations and experimental measurements on the temperature distribution of ultra-thick foam sandwich composite structure with varying ply thicknesses, aiming to investigate the influence of prepreg ply thickness on the temperature gradient of foam sandwich structure. Firstly, the curing kinetic of CYCOM970/T300 prepreg was studied using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Then, thermal analysis of foam sandwich composite structure with different ply thicknesses was conducted using ABAQUS software combined with user subroutines. Subsequently, thermocouple sensors were used to measure the curing temperature of foam sandwich structure. The results indicate that the prepreg ply thickness has a significant impact on the temperature gradient during the curing process of foam sandwich structure. When there are a larger number of prepreg plies, overheating of the prepreg on the foam upper layer occurs, resulting in a significant temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the structure. In this case, reducing the heating rate of the autoclave curing process can effectively reduce the temperature overshoot of the prepreg on the foam upper layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 105552"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation analysis of La2Ce2O7 thermal barrier coating in marine internal combustion engine","authors":"Bin Jiang, Zuoqin Qian, Chunhui Wang, Chunguang Fei, Siwei Zhu, Zihao Shu, Yuxuan Du, XinYu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105564","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of thermal barrier coating (TBC) technology's applications, YSZ is ubiquitously employed as a ceramic coating material owing to its superior thermal insulation capabilities and its adept thermal expansion compatibility in high-temperature settings. However, YSZ is susceptible to cracking and phase transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase, a phenomenon that is exacerbated by thermal stresses experienced during high-temperature operations and subsequent cooling cycles. To address the thermal cycle durability and phase stability issues revealed in the traditional single ceramic layer material YSZ, a double-layer ceramic coating structure on pistons has been examined by three-dimensional simulation approach. When the thickness of the thermal barrier coating (comprising 0.1 mm + 0.3 mm) is held constant, the conventional YSZ material is chosen as the ceramic substrate. Through numerical calculations, the influence rules of various ceramic top layer materials are analyzed. It is discovered that the thermal insulation effect of the LCO-YSZ double-layer ceramic layer coating piston is superior. On this basis, the influence of the thickness of the ceramic top layer on the temperature field is investigated. The results indicate that the temperature of the piston substrate decreases as the thickness of the top layer increases, and the temperature of the piston substrate drops approximately 2 °C with an increase of 0.05 mm in thickness.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of rectangular fin heat sink performance and prediction based on artificial neural network","authors":"Zheng Lan, Yu-hao Feng, Ying-wen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105569","url":null,"abstract":"The plate-fin heat sink is a widely used heat dissipation device in thermal management systems, playing a crucial role in maintaining the stable operation of electronic equipment and reducing economic costs. In this study, the wind tunnel experimental device was employed to test the thermal and hydraulic properties of a rectangular fin heat sink. The CFD model was utilized to investigate the Nusselt number and friction factor of the rectangular fin heat sink under varying Reynolds numbers, fin numbers, and fin widths. The results indicate that as Reynolds number increases, the friction factor decreases while the Nusselt number increases. An increase in fin number leads to a decrease in both Nusselt number and friction factor. Moreover, with an increase in fin width, the friction factor increases while changes occur differently for Nusselt number at different Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, a multi-layer feedforward neural network based on a genetic algorithm (GA-BP) is employed to predict both Nusselt number and friction factor; subsequently evaluating these predicted results. The findings demonstrate that GA-BP neural network can accurately and rapidly predict thermal and hydraulic properties of heat sinks under various conditions including different Reynolds numbers, fin numbers, and fin widths.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel silicon carbide plate-fin heat exchanger and its thermal and hydraulic performance for SOFC cathode air preheater application","authors":"Song Jialiang, Chen Yongdong, Zou Hongwei, Zhang Mingran, Peng Xiaomin, Yu Gaige","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105570","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a novel silicon carbide (SiC) plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHE) for the cathode air preheater application of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). An innovative assembly method and a reliable connection structure with the system's metal pipelines were proposed, and then a prototype of the SiC PFHE with offset strip fins was developed. Additionally, a performance testing apparatus for the SOFC cathode air preheater was built. Based on this testing setup, experimental studies and application validation on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the SiC PFHE were conducted. Finally, the application prospect of SiC PFHE in SOFC systems was further evaluated and compared with metallic plate heat exchangers. The results indicate that the assembly structure and test procedure of the SiC PFHE not only realize the reliable high temperature sealing, but also effectively reduce the thermal stress of SiC ceramic material. Essential parameters such as overall heat transfer coefficient, Colburn factor, and friction factor reveal consistent trends with existing literature under various operating conditions at average Reynolds number in the range from 84 to 361. The SiC PFHE has significant advantages in upper operating temperature limit and high temperature structural integrity and reliability.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of quenching and tempering heat treatment on heat flux to the workpiece in dry milling of AISI 1045 steel","authors":"Nícolas Pinheiro Ramos, Mariana de Melo Antunes, Antonio Augusto Araújo Pinto da Silva, Gilmar Guimarães, Sandro Metrevelle Marcondes de Lima e Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105567","url":null,"abstract":"Dry machining offers cost and environmental benefits in metal cutting, but the absence of cutting fluid can elevate workpiece temperature, impacting surface quality and dimensional accuracy. This study explores and quantifies the impact of quenching and tempering heat treatment on the heat flux to the work material in dry milling AISI 1045 steel. Inverse heat transfer analysis determines the maximum magnitude of a moving Gaussian heat source corresponding to the heat load into the milled part. The inverse estimates are obtained from temperature measurements taken when machining samples subject to different heat treatment conditions. The estimated heat flux and the measured temperature are discussed in the context of the metallo-thermomechanical connection with microstructural aspects, hardness, and thermal properties. The results reveal a substantial increase in thermal energy transferred to the milled steel when quenched and tempered, with a 33 % higher heat input compared to normalized conditions. This condition is mainly attributed to the increased hardness and reduced thermal conductivity of the tempered martensitic structure obtained through hardening. The estimates show deviations of less than ±5 %, according to uncertainty calculations based on thermal sensitivity and sensor accuracy.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy improvement of thermal distribution analysis of 10 kV dry-type iron-core reactor","authors":"Caibo Liao, Bang Liu, Kai Li, Wanqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105554","url":null,"abstract":"Hotspot temperature is a key factor affecting the safe operation for power equipment like reactor. The different distribution of the magnetic field in the iron-core and windings results in non-uniform distribution of the electromagnetic losses. However, the influence of non-uniform losses on the temperature distribution is rarely discussed in the previous studies. In this paper, the thermal behavior of 10 kV dry-type iron-core reactor considering the influence of non-uniform losses is studied to obtain more accurate simulation results. First, the winding model with separate coils is used instead of traditional cylinder structure, and the loss of each coil is obtained by equivalent calculation method. Then, the thermal characteristics of reactor with different winding models and loss distributions are analyzed. In addition, the effect of the above factors on windings temperature distribution is discussed. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the test results of 10 kV dry-type reactor in 110 kV indoor substation. The result indicates the simulation result considering the non-uniform losses distribution is closer to the measured result. The temperature distribution of windings in vertical direction is more consistent with the real situation as well.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}