Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of flame-retardant expandable graphite modified silk fibroin-based rigid polyurethane foam","authors":"Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qihong Guan ,&nbsp;Qikai Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At present, in order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the use of petrochemical products, the preparation of flame-retardant polyurethane foam (PUF) using green raw materials is increasingly attracting widespread attention. A biomass protein-based green flame-retardant rigid PUF (RPUF) with expandable graphite (EG) and silk fibroin (SF) was prepared in a one-step process. Thermal stability, combustion characteristics and compression properties of modified RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, cone test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL-94 vertical burning test and mechanical compression test. The RPUF with 10 wt% EG (RPUF-SF/EG10) exhibited superior heat resistance, with the highest initial decomposition temperature (Ti), integral programmed decomposition temperatures (IPDT) and activation energy (E). And RPUF-SF/EG10 had the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), and it also showed the highest LOI and had a flammability rating of V-0. In Addition, the apparent density and compressive strength of RPUF-SF/EG10 were the largest among the four EG-added materials. The results indicated that RPUF-SF/EG10 had excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy and compression resistance, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of SF and EG in the system. This provided a valuable reference for the development of new, environmentally friendly and high-performance RPUFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105418"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A solving new method for the urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in a diesel engine using coupled hyperbolic-parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs)","authors":"Wenlong Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Gao ,&nbsp;Yuelin You ,&nbsp;Changwen Jiang ,&nbsp;Taoyi Hua ,&nbsp;Bocong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To control the diesel engine urea SCR system with high accuracy, firstly, the partial differential equations of the SCR system are simplified through variable substitution and the method of characteristic lines to eliminate the partial derivative terms of the hyperbolic partial differential equations in the flow direction. The backward difference method is used to solve the problem, and the adaptive time step is adjusted to improve computational efficiency. Secondly, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied to identify the model parameters per second based on the 1800-s test bench data. By combining the experimental data with the parameter identification results, this paper calculated the downstream NOx concentration with 99.5 % accuracy. Finally, the 1800s transient test data was applied to a commonly used single-state SCR control model, and cell numbers 1–4 of the cases were numerically simulated. It was found that the reduced-order model had a computation time of 1 s but was less accurate. When the test data was applied to the model presented in this study, the calculation time was 27s, and the model's calculation results show that the average error of the downstream NOx concentration is 16.95 ppm, which is 14.3 ppm lower than that of the two-cell one-state model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of the beam-down technology into SOLATOM's linear Fresnel solar field: Design and experimental results","authors":"Sebastián Taramona ,&nbsp;Jesús Gómez-Hernández ,&nbsp;Javier Villa Briongos ,&nbsp;Agustín Mingot ,&nbsp;Miguel Frasquet","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The beam-down linear Fresnel solar field (BDLFR) is a concentrating solar technology that can irradiate linearly a heat flux on a ground receiver. This technology is developed for thermally processing high-density materials up to temperatures of 150–300 °C, such as asphalt aggregates. Here, the linear beam-down technology has been scaled-up and tested. SOLATOM's commercial linear Fresnel reflector has been re-adapted to a BDLFR. This demonstrator loop is located in Universitat Politècnica de València (39.47° N, 0.37° W) and consists of ten linear mirrors 50 cm wide, curved along the transversal axis, and oriented clockwise 18° from the East-West axis. Different beam-down configurations were studied for the design conditions, and once the design was established, it was built using ten flat 15 cm wide mirrors and coupled to a SOLATOM XL module. The modified solar field was tested on day 269 and the obtained heat flux was measured, achieving a peak of 4100 W/m² for a direct irradiance of 640 W/m², in two adjacent normal distributions due to misalignments and errors in the installation of beam-down. This was contrasted with Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations, and with proper mirror alignment it is expected to achieve 7750 W/m² under similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105424"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation studies on performance enhancement of spray cooling - Machine learning approach","authors":"Umesh B. Deshannavar ,&nbsp;Saee H. Thakur ,&nbsp;Amith H. Gadagi ,&nbsp;Santosh A. Kadapure ,&nbsp;Santhosh Paramasivam ,&nbsp;Natarajan Rajamohan ,&nbsp;Raffaello Possidente ,&nbsp;Gianluca Gatto","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance optimisation of spray cooling heat transfer systems has been identified as a significant step in improving process efficiency, and the application of machine learning tools is a recent development that has enhanced this. This study aims to maximise the heat transfer coefficient for spray cooling at low heat flux levels. The effects of nozzle inclination angle, water pressure, and spray height on heat transfer coefficient were studied. Taguchi L₂₇ orthogonal array technique was used to perform the experiments. A maximum heat transfer coefficient of 181.4 kW/m²K was obtained at a nozzle inclination angle of 60°, spray height of 4 cm, and water pressure of 15 psi. Analysis of variance was performed to find the significance of each variable and its interactions. The results show that for the maximum heat transfer coefficient (181.4 kW/m²K), the optimum levels of the independent variables were A3H1P3, i.e., the highest level of nozzle inclination angle (60°), the lowest level of spray height (4 cm), and the highest level of water pressure (15 psi). The support vector machine outperformed the Random Forest algorithm and Multiple Regression analysis regarding prediction accuracy with a maximum error of 0.15 % and root mean squared error of 0.01.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105422"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on fire extinguishing efficiency of polymer hydrogel fire extinguishing agent in pine-fir mixed coniferous forest fires","authors":"Zhangyin Dai,&nbsp;Congbao Huang,&nbsp;Youcheng Chen,&nbsp;Manyin Zhong,&nbsp;Wenwu He","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pine and fir wood is commonly used in furniture, gardening and construction industries, and has high economic value. It is in great demand in the timber industry. Therefore, pine and fir trees are now widely planted in China. However, pine and fir trees belong to flammable species, with a high content of oil and grease, and the ignition point of pine and fir leaf litter is extremely low. Once burning occurs, it spreads rapidly and can easily turn into a major forest fire. Therefore, the use of extinguishing agents to mitigate and prevent the spread of forest fires is of great importance. In this paper, fire and extinguishing tests were investigated using mixed wood stack burning of pine and fir and mixed fuel from leaf litter. The suppression effects of three different extinguishing agents, AFFF, CAF and hydrogel, on wood fires and leaf litter combustion were compared. And the suppression supply strength of different extinguishing agents to suppress pine and fir trees was determined. The results show that both hydrogel and CAF can effectively extinguish wood stack fires, and AFFF shows re-ignition phenomenon after extinguishing wood stack fires; Comparison of extinguishing time, cooling rate and heat dissipation capacity revealed that hydrogel was superior to CAF; Hydrogel has a highly efficient fire extinguishing properties. It is calculated that the amount of hydrogel used to extinguish pine and cedar fires is only 54 % of the water required, about 87 % of the amount of Class A foam required under the same circumstances, and about 79 % of the amount of aqueous film-forming foam required; Compared with the foam extinguishing agent, the hydrogel extinguishing agent showed better cooling effect, less extinguishing agent dosage, and shorter extinguishing time of 11 s when extinguishing fires in leaf litter; For the rapid spread of leaf litter combustion and easy to re-ignite characteristics, hydrogel has a significant anti-reignition effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105413"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage power enhancement of fuel air explosive with typical metal hydrides additions","authors":"Bei-bei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang-fan Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiao-wen Ma ,&nbsp;Hong-hao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the damage power enhancement of fuel air explosive (FAE) with metal hydrides, the effects of metal hydrides (TiH₂, MgH₂, ZrH₂) powders on shock wave and thermal damage of pure propylene oxide (PO) were explored using a 20 L spherical explosion test system combined with colorimetric thermometry technology. The experimental results showed that compared with the base metal powders, the explosion overpressures, maximum pressure rise rates and maximum average temperatures of the solid-liquid mixed fuel with the metal hydrides (TiH₂, MgH₂, ZrH₂) powders increased by 11.04 %, 22.61 %, 4.80 % and 26.68 %, 38.18 %, 13.91 % as well as 6.85 %, 8.57 %, 1.34 %, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of metal hydride powders on the cloud explosion fuel were better than those of Al powders, and MgH₂ powders had the most significant effects on the damage power enhancement of pure PO. Metal hydride powders as high-energy additives could improve the energy release characteristics of FAE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105440"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of heat transfer in a reversible esterification of Arrhenius activation energy with partial slip","authors":"R. Umadevi ,&nbsp;D. Arivukkodi ,&nbsp;Sultan Alshehery ,&nbsp;Ilyas Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of heat transfer during a reversible esterification process in a magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer Casson fluid flow along a vertical stretching plate is examined. The multi-slip conditions are considered in a porous medium. The presence of chemical process requiring an activation energy is considered in the analysis. The study also investigates the hydromagnetic boundary layer Casson fluid flow alongwith partial slip conditions across a vertical stretching plate. The incorporation of multi-slip constraints in a porous medium, alongside magnetic fields and other parameters, highlights its relevance in diverse engineering fields such as thermal engineering, polymerization, and biodiesel industries. Understanding the characteristics of such fluids under complex conditions is vital for optimizing heat and mass transfer in industrial applications, making this investigation timely and valuable. The nonlinear differential set of equations are solved numerically involving Runge-Kutta based shooting approach of fourth order and the results are verified with the bvp4c tool and the findings are explored using graphical plots. The predominance of significant factors on flow configurations are analyzed and presented in graphs and tables. A comprehensive analysis is provided on the effects on velocity, concentration, and temperature of diverse parameters such as reaction rate constant, magnetic parameter, suction parameter, mass Grashof number, Prandtl number, Casson parameter, thermal radiation parameter and slip parameters. The tabular representation of the adverse effects of drag coefficient, rate of mass transfer and Nusselt number on flow configurations for various significant parameters is presented. It is inferred that for the case of reversible and irreversible flows, the shear stress rate escalates by 29% when the magnetic parameter elevates from 0.5 to 1.5 and about 35% when the Casson parameter elevates from 0.5 to 1.5. For the suction parameter, the coefficient of drag increased by 27% and 26% for irreversible and reversible flows respectively. When the reaction rate increases from 0.5 to 1.5, the rate of shear stress elevates by 0.5% and 0.02% for irreversible and reversible flows in order. The Nusselt number decreased about 7% and 8% when the magnetic parameter and Casson parameter rises from 0.5 to 1.5 respectively, for irreversible and reversible flows. It is noteworthy that the previous studies are in precise agreement with the present investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-aiding evaluation of north wall effects of a solar greenhouse: Multiphysics modelling of the indoor environment","authors":"L. Zhao ,&nbsp;Z. Shui ,&nbsp;X. Liu ,&nbsp;T. Yang ,&nbsp;G. Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The north wall (NW) of a solar greenhouse (SG), oriented away from direct sunlight, plays a crucial role in thermal insulation; however, impacts of the NW internal surface structure (ISS) on the SG indoor environment remains underexplored. Driven by in situ measurements, the temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and relative humidity (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) of a SG are evaluated for three typical NW designs: flat wall (FW), striped wall (SW) and alveolate/honeycombed wall (AW). In both sunny and cloudy scenarios, the AW setup ensures a more favourable thermal environment, well aligned with the power spectral analysis indicating enhanced thermal energy capture. The time-lagged cross correlation highlights solar radiation as the primary driver of SG internal thermal variability, with outdoor temperature being of secondary relevance. Additionally, the AW setup consistently maintains the lowest <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> on sunny days, promoting optimal conditions for plant growth, and ensures more stable humidity levels during cloudy nights. The revealed response of SG internal environments to modified NW ISS should offer some insights into SG design, particularly in optimising conditions for plant growth through modifications to the NW structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on thermal runaway and gas generation characteristics of NCM811 high energy density lithium-ion batteries under different triggering methods","authors":"Chunjing Lin ,&nbsp;Hongtao Yan ,&nbsp;Chuang Qi ,&nbsp;Jingbo Mao ,&nbsp;Li Lao ,&nbsp;Yazhou Sun ,&nbsp;Tianyi Ma ,&nbsp;Dinghong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety concerns, including thermal runaway and gas generation, present significant challenges for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Thermal abuse, a common trigger for thermal runaway, can be induced by various methods, including heating rods, coils, plates, and lasers. This study compares the impacts of three heating techniques—heating rods, coils, and plates—on thermal runaway and gas generation in a commercially used NCM811 lithium-ion battery, which has a high energy density of 280.24 Wh/kg (the latest cylindrical 46950 model). The study found that the heating coil was the most effective, triggering thermal runaway more quickly and at a higher temperature than the heating plate and rod. Gas production analysis revealed that the heating coil method generated significantly more gas, particularly CO₂, than the other methods. The concentrations of gases produced during thermal runaway (CO, CO₂, H₂, and CH₄) varied by heating method, with the heating coil leading to a more complete battery reaction. The safety evaluation highlighted the hazardous nature of the heating rod method, which produced the widest flammable gas concentration range and the highest explosion risk among the tested heating methods. This study provides critical insights into heating techniques in lithium-ion battery thermal runaway scenarios and offers valuable data for improving safety measures in energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105417"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant: Enhancing surface and foam performance through hydrocarbon surfactants compounding","authors":"Wenjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Xu ,&nbsp;Long Yan ,&nbsp;Guoqing Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research of short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants is crucial in effectively and environmentally extinguishing petrochemical fires. In this study, a short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant named 2<em>H</em>,2<em>H</em>-perfluorooctanoic acid sodium salt (PFH-CA) was synthesized, and then characterized its chemical structure, thermal stability, surface activity, and foam property. Subsequently, PFH-CA was compounded with hydrocarbon surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC), and <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethyldodecylamine-<em>N</em>-oxid (OB-2) at different molar ratios. The surface tension, interaction parameters, and foam property of the PFH-CA/hydrocarbon surfactant compounding systems were investigated. The analysis indicates that PFH-CA exhibits excellent surface activity and thermal stability concomitant with poor foam property. Introducing SDS, DTAC, and OB-2 enhances the foam performance and reduces the consumption of PFH-CA through synergistic interactions. Especially, PFH-CA/DTAC (1:4) system possesses the strongest interactions and the best performance, with critical micelle concentration (<em>CMC</em>) and surface tension at <em>CMC</em> (<em>γ</em>_<em>CMC</em>) of 0.11 mmol/L and 20.90 mN/m, respectively. When concentration of PFH-CA exceeds 0.5 mmol/L, the foaming ability and foam stability stabilize at 30 cm and 90 %, respectively. The enhanced performance of PFH-CA/DTAC system is attributed to the electrostatic attraction between anionic and cationic surfactants, which facilitates the formation of micelles, subsequently leading to better surface activity and foam properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105409"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}