Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of cascade waste heat recovery in a grate-kiln-annular cooler pelletizing system integrating a waste-heat boiler and organic Rankine cycle","authors":"Che Liu,Lei Dong,Benhao Zhang,Shuai Wang,Zhuo Yao,Zhaoyi Huo,Xinyun Zhao,Ying Qin,Shiqi Guo,Jinxiu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"108631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field investigation of heat transfer and stress evolution in a shallow-geothermal bridge deck deicing system","authors":"Li Mengming,Zhi Chen,Chenglong Wang,Jiao Li,Mengmeng Wang,Zhigao Hu,Meng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"230 1","pages":"108626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and freezing-column evaluation of a heat–water–air–stress coupling model for frost heave in unsaturated soil considering pore-ice blockage","authors":"Shenglin Wang,Yingmin Li,Kang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"108641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated architecture design and performance optimization of thermal management systems for supersonic transport aircraft","authors":"Linxuan Yang, Liping Pang, Qinghui Ma, Yuandong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108268","url":null,"abstract":"Due to aerodynamic heating and heat sink scarcity, Environmental Control Systems (ECS) and Thermal Management Systems (TMS) of Supersonic Transport (SST) aircraft face serious challenges. Current research on TMS for SST remains scarce, necessitating dedicated in-depth exploration. Integrating the heat sink characteristics of SST, this paper adopts an approach based on graph theory for automated architectural design and performance optimization of TMS. This research built a closed-loop framework encompassing automated topology generation, simulation model synchronization, parametric optimization, and comprehensive evaluation. Inspired by the Concorde's TMS architecture, two types of system architectures were established, utilizing fuel and ram-air as primary heat sinks, with cabin exhaust as an optional sink. In total, 520 candidate architectures were generated. Through systematic screening, optimization, and evaluation, 47 feasible solutions, each meeting all system constraints under supersonic cruise terminal phase conditions, were efficiently identified from the initial candidate architectures. Among these, 2 superior configurations with better performance metrics than the Concorde's TMS were selected to recommend optimal parameter configurations. This research broke through the limitations of traditional empirical design methods, offering a comprehensive approach that spans from architecture generation to performance verification for the engineering design of SST thermal management systems.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"160 1","pages":"108268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of heat rejection from split air conditioner on microclimate of residential areas by field measurements and CFD simulations","authors":"Kang Mu, Zhaolong Li, Wei Li, Xiaoqin Sun, Jing Ye, Qilin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108252","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the impact of split air-conditioning (AC) heat rejection on the thermal environment in residential areas, this study uses a comprehensive research method to study a real residential community in Changsha as a case study. Field measurement results indicate that air temperature in AC exhaust zones is approximately 5 °C higher than in non-exhaust areas, with the maximum nighttime difference reaching 8 °C, indicating stronger nocturnal heat accumulation. Relative humidity shows only minor and spatially limited variations. CFD simulation results show that increasing AC usage from 50% to 100% leads to an increase in average air temperature of approximately 0.7 °C during daytime and 0.9 °C at night, indicating that AC heat rejection significantly affects environmental temperature rise. The airflow field is also modified by the interaction between AC exhaust and urban morphology, leading to increased wind speeds (maximum 4.91 m/s) and downstream low-velocity zones. Surface thermal responses vary significantly among land cover types. Concrete surfaces exhibit temperature increases due to high heat storage and limited evaporative cooling, whereas vegetated and water surfaces show stronger thermal buffering effects. Overall, this study quantitatively reveals the significant influence of AC heat rejection on the thermal environment and airflow distribution in high-density residential areas of hot-summer regions, indicating that AC heat rejection must be explicitly considered in urban microclimate assessment. Furthermore, mitigation strategies through layout optimization and open ground floor design are explored, providing scientific support for heat mitigation, ventilation design, and energy management in urban residential communities.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"108252"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on flow and boiling heat transfer of ammonia in minichannels","authors":"Hongyu Tian, Shiyu Qian, Tao Ding, Lingyun Hou, Xiao Yu, Jian Cheng, Xiaoxuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108261","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia's high heat sink makes it suitable for highly efficient and compact thermal management systems in high thrust weight ratio aero-engines. This study experimentally investigated the flow boiling heat transfer of ammonia in a rectangular minichannel with a hydraulic diameter of 1 mm. Tests covered pressures from 1.22 to 2.31 MPa, mass fluxes of 152.62–394.19 kg/(m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>·s), and outlet vapor qualities of 0.027–0.98. Flow visualization identified typical flow regimes and their heat transfer mechanisms. It is indicated that heat transfer in the low vapor quality region is dominated by nucleate boiling (bubbly/slug flow). In the medium-to-high vapor quality region, heat transfer peaks due to conduction and evaporation within the liquid film of the annular flow regime. Heat transfer deteriorates in the dispersed flow regime due to the liquid film’s dryout. Increasing pressure promotes the generation and detachment of smaller bubbles by reducing the vapor-liquid density ratio and surface tension, while also facilitating the earlier onset and enhanced stability of the annular flow regime. The higher two-phase flow velocities at elevated pressures lead to heat transfer enhanced across the entire vapor quality range. Based on the experimental data, a piecewise composite heat transfer correlation for saturated flow boiling incorporating scaling effects was developed. The proposed correlation predicts the experimental data with a mean absolute deviation of 12.07%, and the majority of the predictions fall within a ±30% error band. This study provides a theoretical basis and a design tool for minichannel heat exchangers using ammonia as the working fluid.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"108261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-steady load-following thermal management and power generation for hypersonic vehicle RBCC engines via a helium-xenon closed Brayton cycle","authors":"Xin Zhao, Zhaohui Yao, Xing He, Ziqi Zhou, Jiongrui Wang, Weimin Bao, Wen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108238","url":null,"abstract":"Rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) engines operating across a wide Mach-number range (Ma 4-8) face dual challenges of severe aerodynamic heating and high onboard power demand. Conventional hydrocarbon-fuel cooling is limited by the coking-temperature threshold, while near-critical supercritical CO2 cycles may encounter strong property variation and control difficulty near the pseudo-critical region. This paper numerically assesses an integrated third-fluid cooling and power-generation concept using a binary helium-xenon (He-Xe) mixture. A coupled system-level model, linking RBCC internal ballistics, temperature-dependent mixture properties, an Eckert reference-enthalpy heat-transfer model, and closed Brayton-cycle thermodynamics, is established to evaluate cooling and shaft-power trends. Submodel-level verification checks are added for mixture properties, cooling-channel heat transfer and pressure loss, and the Brayton-cycle power boundary.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"108238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal coating of camouflage fabric using activated carbon and inorganic powder for protective effect","authors":"Kittiphop Promdee, Doungkamon Phihusut, Tharapong Vitidsant","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108207","url":null,"abstract":"This research developed a multifunctional thermal camouflage coating for military textiles, utilizing activated carbon (AC) and inorganic powders to provide protection against chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) hazards. Thermal suppression performance was evaluated by integrating conduction analysis via Fourier's Law and radiation analysis through the Stefan-Boltzmann Law. The results demonstrated that the low-emissivity coating (<ce:italic>ε</ce:italic> ≈ 0.55) synergistically reduced heat flux, achieving a 42.1% decrease in radiative heat transfer at 150 °C, thereby significantly enhancing infrared (IR) concealment. The coating's physical and chemical properties were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and ATR-FTIR. SEM analysis across four treatments; (1) AC, (2) AC + Talc + TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, (3) AC + TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> + Talc + Bentonite, and (4) the optimized AC + TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> + Talc + Bentonite composite—revealed an organized amorphous distribution of powders and binders within the fabric texture at magnifications up to 4,000×. UV-Vis-NIR spectra indicated that the optimized composite effectively suppressed noise, particularly within the UV-Vis region. While IR reflectivity decreased in certain shades post-coating, the black and brown camouflage components remained within standard military specifications. ATR-FTIR analysis identified key absorbance peaks associated with <ce:italic>v</ce:italic>(C = O), v(CH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>), v(CN). All treatments exhibited stable spectral intensities within the 500–1500 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> range, specifically between 1018.18 and 1023.52 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. Beyond its camouflage capabilities, the composite coating demonstrated superior environmental utility, achieving a 15.5% Lead (Pb(II)) removal efficiency facilitated by the functional sites of the activated carbon and inorganic constituents. This study presents a robust solution for next-generation military personal protective equipment (PPE), strategically balancing high-temperature thermal shielding with multifunctional hazardous material sequestration.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"108207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated electromagnetic induction system for rapid and uniform rewarming in multi-well plate cryopreservation","authors":"Hengxin Han, Yuhan Zhang, Ning Guo, Xinyue Wang, Hangyu Dang, Yi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108229","url":null,"abstract":"In situ cryopreservation within multi-well plates is a promising strategy for parallel biospecimen storage, yet it is critically limited by the lack of rapid and uniform rewarming techniques. This study presents an integrated electromagnetic induction heating system designed to address this bottleneck. A novel multi-well plate was developed, featuring integrated heaters that serve as internal heating elements upon immersion in the sample solution. Through systematic investigation and optimization of key parameters—including heater position, coil geometry and size, plate architecture, and the implementation of a field shaper—the system achieved a maximum rewarming rate of 762.4 °C/min while maintaining a maximum temperature difference below 6 °C across the optimized multi-well configuration. This performance represents a 25-fold increase in rewarming rate compared to conventional hotplate methods. The findings provide a scientific basis for parameter selection in induction-based rewarming and establish an efficient and reliable plate-scale rewarming strategy. This technology provides a critical thermal engineering framework and hardware foundation for future in situ preservation studies.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"108229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of contact resistance on thermal behavior of pouch-cell battery modules under partial direct liquid cooling: A numerical study","authors":"P.F. Arroiabe, J. Berasategi, M. Larrañaga-Ezeiza, G. Vertiz, I. Galarza, M. Martinez-Agirre","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.108098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.108098","url":null,"abstract":"Direct liquid cooling (DLC) using dielectric fluids is emerging as a highly effective strategy for thermal management in high-performance lithium-ion battery systems, particularly under demanding operating conditions. However, most existing thermal models neglect heat generation from passive components and electrical contact resistances, which can significantly affect prediction accuracy during fast charging and discharging. This work presents a validated 3D multi-scale numerical model of a pouch-cell battery module cooled via a partial immersion DLC approach. The module, composed of four 60 Ah cells in a 2s2p electrical configuration and in a 1s4p hydraulic arrangement, is modeled using a multi-domain framework that integrates electrochemical and thermal phenomena. All model input parameters were experimentally measured in our laboratory, ensuring high physical fidelity. Importantly, the model incorporates ohmic heating in passive components and heat generated by contact resistance, factors often overlooked in existing literature. Validation against experimental measurements demonstrates high accuracy in predicting both transient and steady-state temperature profiles, including spatial temperature distributions within and between cells. Results reveal that passive component heating can momentarily account for up to 46 % of total heat generation under high C-rate charge-discharge cycles, while contact resistance contributes up to 12 % during semi-fast charging. These findings highlight the critical need to include these sources in thermal models to ensure accurate predictions and support design improvements. The proposed approach offers valuable insights for enhancing thermal performance, reliability, and safety of pouch-cell battery modules in electric vehicle applications.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147752848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}