Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"CFD based airflow uniformity optimization of Chinese solar greenhouses with long-row cultivation: Impact of unit layout design","authors":"Jiarui Lu ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Chunling Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Tian ,&nbsp;Weitang Song ,&nbsp;Shumei Zhao ,&nbsp;Kelei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent conflict between thermal insulation and optimal airflow distribution presents a critical challenge in Chinese solar greenhouses (CSGs) during winter production. This study develops an innovative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction model to optimize fan-coil unit (FCU) installation parameters under long-row cultivation conditions, aiming to enhance airflow velocity and uniformity within crop canopies. Experimental validation confirmed the reliability of the numerical model across different crop height scenarios. The results demonstrated that for lower crop heights (1.0 m), the unit optimal interval and installation height were 1.5 m and 2.0 m, the optimal tilt and swing angles were 10° and 30°, respectively; while for higher crop heights (1.6 m), the unit optimal interval and installation height were all 2.0 m, the optimal swing angle was 10°. The airflow velocity and temperature distribution uniformity improved by 33.33 %, 24.07 % (1.0 m) and 23.05 %, 45.06 % (1.6 m), respectively. The proposed methodology provides actionable guidelines for FCU system design while establishing a theoretical basis for both environmental optimization and mechanization development in CSG operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold start performance analysis of PEMFC with different assisted heating strategies","authors":"Wenhao Li ,&nbsp;Jianjun Yang ,&nbsp;Changqing Du ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Qianqian Xin ,&nbsp;Fuwu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale use of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is restricted by the challenge of cold start. A three-dimensional, transient, multiphase flow cold-start model is established to investigate the effects of different assisted heating strategies. The variations of ice volume fraction and temperature distribution of catalyst layer and their influences on cold start performance of PEMFC are discussed in detail, under coolant-assisted heating strategy, air-assisted heating strategy and the combination of two strategies at −20 °C. The results show that coolant-assisted heating strategy has significant effect on the cold start performance. There is an appropriate coolant flow velocity and heating power to balance cold start performance and energy consumption. Air-assisted heating strategy has minimal improvement on the cold start performance. Moreover, an interesting point is that on the basis of coolant-assisted heating adoption, the heat brought by the air-assisted heating although not much but can effectively improve water storage capacity of the ionomer. This makes the combination of two strategies has more excellent cold start performance, namely, catalyst layer's ice volume fraction decreases by 7.7 % and cold start time shortens by 2 s, compared to coolant-assisted heating, which provides valuable information for practical cold start strategy design of PEMFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation study on enhanced heat transfer of annular inner rib tube in geothermal coaxial heat transfer wellbore","authors":"Longfei Dong ,&nbsp;Yanping Xin ,&nbsp;Xiao Wu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a clean and renewable energy source, geothermal energy offers several advantages, including high reserves, safety, and stability. To enhance the heat extraction capacity of wellbores, this study establishes numerical models for triangular, rectangular, and fan-shaped internally ribbed tubes. It further analyzes their differences in heat transfer and resistance performance compared to smooth circular tubes. The results indicate that the internally ribbed tube significantly improves heat transfer efficiency by disrupting the boundary layer and promoting fluid mixing. Among the configurations studied, the rectangular internally ribbed tube exhibits the highest level of heat transfer enhancement and turbulence generation. The Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) recorded for the rectangular inner ribbed tube is 113.8 %–200.9 % greater than that of the smooth circular tube; concurrently, the friction factor (<em>f</em>) increases by 248.4 %–909.3 %. Key parameters such as rib spacing, rib height, and rib width substantially influence heat transfer performance. Specifically, it was observed that as rib spacing increases or as rib height rises, <em>Nu</em> decreases; conversely, an increase in rib width leads to an increase in <em>Nu</em>. In terms of resistance characteristics: <em>f</em> decreases with increasing rib spacing but increases with both rising rib height and width. The comprehensive performance evaluation factor (<em>η</em>) reveals that while the fan-shaped inner ribbed tube performs optimally at a rib height of 12 mm, η declines linearly with increasing rib width. Therefore, it can be concluded that while rectangular internally ribbed tubes are suitable for applications requiring high levels of heat transfer efficiency, fan-shaped internally ribbed tubes are more appropriate for scenarios demanding superior overall performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106177"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of thermo-mechanical performance of lightweight fibre-reinforced LECA concrete for enhanced energy efficiency","authors":"Idris Ahmed Ja'e ,&nbsp;Zakaria Che Muda ,&nbsp;Chiemela Victor Amaechi ,&nbsp;Hamad Almujibah ,&nbsp;Agusril Syamsir ,&nbsp;Teh Hee Min ,&nbsp;Ali E.A. Elshekh ,&nbsp;Maaz Osman Bashir","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermo-mechanical behaviours of lightweight fibre-reinforced LECA concrete. The correlation between fibre composition, porosity and temperature has been analysed, leading to the development of prediction models for each thermal property. The models effectively capture the variability of the heterogeneous concrete, exhibiting R² values &gt; 0.98. The findings reveal superior mechanical performance in concrete containing 1–1.5 % steel fibre (STF). Furthermore, nonlinear fluctuations resulting from variations in thermal pathways are observed with intermittent changes in thermal properties, particularly when STF &gt;0.5 %. In all cases examined, the STF concrete consistently exhibits higher thermal and mechanical properties compared to hybrid STF + PPF concrete. While the intricate interplay between STF and the concrete matrix renders it ideal for tailored applications, the stable thermal response of the hybrid fibre concrete showcases beneficial performance in thermal efficiency, characterised by lower thermal conductivity and diffusivity relative to STF concrete. Nonetheless, the optimal performances, based on the combined thermo-mechanical responses, were identified in concrete with the least porosity at 0.5 %STF and 0.75 %STF +0.2 %PPF, yielding an increase of 8.7 % and 4.2 % in compressive and tensile strength, respectively, compared to the plain concrete. Furthermore, the hybrid fibre concrete shows a 5 % reduction in thermal conductivity and diffusivity relative to STF concrete, coupled with increased specific heat and thermal effusivity at elevated temperatures in both concrete, signifying the exceptional energy performance efficiency of LECA concrete across varying temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106189"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat exchanger control: Performance of thermodynamics-based geometrical vs classical PID controllers","authors":"Omar R. Gómez-Gómez ,&nbsp;Marco A. Zárate-Navarro ,&nbsp;J. Paulo García-Sandoval","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this communication, a control problem based on thermodynamic principles is developed to control the output temperature of a heat exchanger in an experimental setup. The system is controlled through a nonlinear output error, which is proportional to the total entropy production within the heat exchanger. A lumped-parameter model of the heat exchanger allows to define the thermodynamic control scheme, with geometric control principles, a high-gain observer and an anti-windup scheme, which provides robustness against parametric uncertainties and disturbances. To make a comparison with classical control schemes, a Ziegler–Nichols PID controller was tuned for a First Order Plus Dead Time plant approximation. The experimental setup used a National Instruments Compact FieldPoint controller, and the control scheme was programmed in a LabVIEW interface. The performance of the proposed controller was tested under two criteria: energetic performance and total tracking control error. The results show that the classical controller has a better energy-saving performance, while the thermodynamic controller has a better tracking performance, making it more suitable for applications where temperature control needs to be more precise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable thermal conductivity effects on MHD flow of non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid between rotating disks, A Cattaneo–Christov heat transfer analysis","authors":"Hussan Zeb ,&nbsp;Kamal Shah ,&nbsp;Manar Alqudah ,&nbsp;Thabet Abdeljawad","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work has been motivated by the increasing need for fluid flow optimization and advanced thermal management systems in engineering applications that demand superior heat transfer characteristics. The study examines the casson fluid and thermal dynamics of ternary hybrid nanofluids, which are composed of up of Cobalt Firrite CoFe₂O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> aluminum oxide <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and titanium-oxide (TiO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) in a water-based fluid that flows between two rotating disks. The impacts of mixed convection, magnetic fields, and quadratic thermal radiation are all taken into account. This work offers essential findings for boosting efficiency in energy systems, electronics cooling, and magnetic fluid technologies by filling in knowledge gaps in viscoelastic fluid dynamics, magnetic influences, and sophisticated heat transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, Cobalt Firrite CoFe₂O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> aluminum oxide <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and titanium-oxide (TiO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) are ternary hybrid nanofluids that function well in applications like energy-efficient heat exchangers, magnetic fluid-based technologies, and advanced electronic cooling systems where boosted thermal conductivity and fluid dynamics are needed. The Cattaneo–Christov model is used to study heat transmission, taking into account heat sources, viscous dissipation, and thermal relaxation. In advanced engineering applications, findings aim to help in developing of more efficient heat management technologies. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into dimensionless form by using the Von Karman transformations. To fined the solution numerically by the combining shooting techniques with the Runge–Kutta method. The analysis investigates how the axial and radial velocity profiles, as well as the fluid’s temperature distribution, are affected by important parameters such the Reynolds number, rotational parameters, magnetic field strength, and momentum slip. The findings show that, in comparison to combinations of simple , hybrid nanoparticles and the presence of ternary hybrid nanoparticles greatly improves heat transfer efficiency, particularly at higher Reynolds numbers and rotation rates. Furthermore, the model improves heat exchanger performance, boosts the efficiency of solar energy that use nanoparticles, and helps optimize fluid flow in medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal transport in shear-wrinkled hexagonal boron nitride","authors":"Jungkyu Park,&nbsp;Fahim Dorsey,&nbsp;Aayush Patel,&nbsp;Donghwa Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of shear induced wrinkles on the thermal transport properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) ribbons. Reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a Tersoff force field to estimate the thermal conductivity of both undeformed and shear-wrinkled hBN nanoribbons of various widths and lengths. The results indicate that the impact of shear induced wrinkling on thermal conductivity is more evident in narrower ribbons, where lattice distortion and bond stretching are more severe. In contrast, wider ribbons exhibit relatively milder distortions and thus less reduction in heat dissipation capability. Notably, the bulk thermal conductivity of the narrowest hBN ribbon simulated in the present study decreased by 47 % at a shear strain of 0.3 compared to its undeformed structure, whereas the widest ribbon simulated in the present research study showed only a 25 % reduction. Phonon density of states analyses revealed substantial alterations in low-frequency acoustic phonons under shear-wrinkling, with flexural acoustic modes identified as the primary contributors to thermal performance degradation. The findings of this study are expected to inform the design of new materials with improved heat dissipation capabilities for flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructal design for a clover-shaped high conductivity channel in a square heat generating body","authors":"Lingen Chen ,&nbsp;Tian Xie ,&nbsp;Fengyin Zhang ,&nbsp;Huijun Feng ,&nbsp;Yanlin Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructal design of a square heat generating body with a clover-shaped high thermal conductivity channel is carried out. The research focuses on minimizing the maximum temperature difference and the entropy generation rate by releasing degrees of freedom step by step. Through exploring the effects of thermal conductivity ratio and the proportion of high conductivity material area, which allows for a more nuanced understanding of how different design parameters affect the thermal performance and optimal construct. Results demonstrate that increasing these parameters significantly reduces temperature difference and thermodynamic irreversibility. For instance, when the thermal conductivity ratio rises from 100 to 600, the minimum dimensionless maximum temperature difference decreases by 28.1 %, and the minimum dimensionless entropy generation rate drops by 40.7 %. The study highlights the superiority of three degree-of-freedom optimization, which reduces the maximum temperature difference by 11.2 % and the entropy generation rate by 12.84 % compared to single degree-of-freedom optimization. Additionally, slender clover-shaped blades further improve heat transfer efficiency. The clover-shaped channel outperforms traditional I-shaped design and fan-shaped design, offering better thermal performance under the same conditions. The constructal design of clover-shaped high conductivity channel provides valuable insights for optimizing heat dissipation in electronic devices and other applications requiring efficient thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106190"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational study of fin-equipped circular object on the cooling and power generation in an elastic-walled channel equipped with piezoelectric device","authors":"Fatih Selimefendigil ,&nbsp;Hussain Altammar ,&nbsp;Hakan F. Oztop","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel thermal management methods with energy storage and energy production mechanisms are preferred due to the need for effective cooling and energy efficient products. In this study, a novel system with fin-equipped circular object (FE-CO) is proposed with piezzo energy harvester (PEH) during turbulent forced convection hybrid nanofluid cooling of a hot block located in an elastic walled channel. The PEH is mounted below the elastic wall. Utilizing FEM and ALE, the numerical analysis takes into account a range of fin inclination values (<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> between 45 and 135), FE-CO horizontal location (xc between -0.35L and -0.23L), FE-CO vertical location (yc between 0.4H and 0.7H), fin size (Lf between 0 and 0.4H), and nanoparticle loading (<span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> between 0 and 0.03). It is shown that the fin length and position of the FE-CO are useful control parameters for PEH power generation and thermal management. Utilizing nanofluid results in a considerable boost in power generation as compared to using simply pure fluid. For nanofluid, the produced power increased by 14% between <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>45</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>75</mn></mrow></math></span>. From <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>75</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>135</mn></mrow></math></span>, the reduction amount is 53%. At <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>90</mn></mrow></math></span>, the biggest differences between pure fluid and nanofluid are observed for walls W1 (left vertical) and W3 (right vertical). For top wall W2, cooling performance improvement with nanofluid rises to 40%. By modifying the FE-CO’s horizontal and vertical positioning with the use of nanofluid, the generated power enhancement factors become 13.8 and 3.8. While the produced power increases as the FE-CO’s fin length increases, using nanofluid at the maximum fin length enhances cooling performance for hot wall components W1, W2, and W2 by around 75%, 13.5%, and 21%. The optimum values of (yc/H, <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>) when applying optimization are (0.444,97.7) for maximum cooling and (0.7,72) for greatest power generation. As compared to no object case, optimum case provides power enhancement factor of 17.8 while Nu increment becomes 36.5%</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and comparison study of a novel linear Fresnel reflector solar ORC-driven hydrogen production system using different working fluids","authors":"Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianlin Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel linear Fresnel reflector solar organic Rankine cycle-driven hydrogen production system consisting of thermal energy storage system, organic Rankine cycle and proton exchange membrane hydrogen production device. By using Ebsilon software, operation, exergy and economic performances of the proposed hydrogen production system using seven different organic working fluids are evaluated and compared, including cyclohexane, propane, toluene, hexane, R123, R11 and R143A. The analysis results show that when hexane is used as the organic working fluid, the proposed system has the largest net output power, highest cycle efficiency and largest hydrogen production rate (2325.3 kW, 20.8 % and 36.0 kg·h^-1), showing the best operation performance. In addition, the proposed system using hexane has the smallest overall exergy loss (19.58 MW) and highest overall exergy efficiency (18.4 %), while the system using R11 has the largest overall exergy loss (21.78 MW) and lowest overall exergy efficiency (9.24 %). Furthermore, the proposed system using hexane has the lowest levelized cost of hydrogen, smallest payback period and largest net present value (4.97 $·kg^-1, 4.7 years and 47.8 million USD), showing the best economic performance. In general, compared with other six organic working fluids, the proposed hydrogen production system using hexane has the best operation, exergy and economic performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}