Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"KdV-based computer modeling of ion-acoustic solitons in complex plasmas with hot positrons and Bi-thermal electrons","authors":"Mohammad Nasir ,&nbsp;Adeeba Riaz ,&nbsp;Niaz Wali ,&nbsp;Hifsa Saleem ,&nbsp;Shumaila Ashiq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhat Ullah ,&nbsp;Sarra Ayouni ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kallel ,&nbsp;M. Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ion-acoustic solitons in a multicomponent plasma that comprises of hot positrons, hot and cold electrons, and isothermal or adiabatic ions is studied. A Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) expression governing the dynamic of weakly nonlinear solitary waves is obtained by employing reductive perturbation technique. The outcomes designate that the amplitude and width of rarefactive solitons are strongly affected by the temperature ratio of cold to hot electrons, the density ratio of positrons to electrons, and the composition of ion species. Under adiabatic ion conditions, numerical results confirm that enhancing the soliton speed makes the soliton narrower and more energetic, while enhancing the temperature difference between cold and hot electrons results in solitons that are broader and have a smaller amplitude. Furthermore, the impacts of positron density concentration and ion-to-electron temperature ratios on soliton profiles are deliberated. With applications on astrophysical phenomena like space weather and real-world applications in laboratory plasmas, where multicomponent interactions are obvious, this work proposed new perspectives on how nonlinear waves act in complex plasma environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106740"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal management in high-power lithium-ion Batteries: Synergistic effects of phase change material thickness, graphene enhancers, and active cooling systems","authors":"Saeed Rahmanian ,&nbsp;Hossein Rahmanian-Koushkaki ,&nbsp;Khashayar Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective thermal management is critical to mitigating thermal runaway risks, optimizing performance, and extending the operational lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in high-rate applications. This study systematically evaluates four thermal management strategies for a 14.6 Ah LIB under aggressive discharge currents (1C, 3C, 5C): (1) baseline (no thermal control), (2) phase change material (PCM) with thickness variations, (3) hybrid PCM-K-enhancer (copper foam, graphene, metal plates) systems, and (4) active cooling (heat pipes + forced air convection). High-fidelity 3D simulations in ANSYS Fluent V22 quantified temperature uniformity, peak temperature suppression, and transient phase change behavior.</div><div>At 5C discharge, baseline tests revealed unsafe peak temperatures of 84.03 °C. PCM thickness optimization demonstrated a nonlinear cooling effect: 1 mm PCM reduced peak temperature to 66.91 °C, while 3 mm PCM achieved 55.38 °C, underscoring the role of latent heat capacity scaling. Graphene-based K-enhancers outperformed copper foam and metal plates, synergizing with PCM to limit temperatures to 47.82 °C through thermal bridging. Synergistic integration of optimized PCM thickness (2 mm), graphene-enhanced thermal bridges, and heat-pipe cooling achieved a 53.3 % temperature reduction vs. baseline (39.23 °C).</div><div>The study introduces a hierarchical thermal management framework, demonstrating that hybrid systems integrating optimized PCM thickness, graphene-enhanced interfacial conductivity, and active cooling achieve superior thermal equilibrium. These findings advance the design of multi-scale thermal regulation strategies for high-power LIB packs in electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal environment analysis in large-diameter SPB shield considering the coupling heat transfer effects of slurry heat transfer and ventilation system","authors":"Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhitao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Yue ,&nbsp;Shuliang Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongye Su ,&nbsp;Liang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective thermal environment management is crucial for underground construction safety. Slurry circulation and duct ventilation are the primary methods for temperature control in slurry-pressure-balanced(SPB) shield tunnels. However, current research focuses on surrounding rock or equipment heat transfer, with insufficient studies on the slurry coupling mechanism. This research uses a large SPB shield from the Shenzhen highway tunnel project as a case study. A numerical model is developed to investigate the impact of slurry circulation-ventilation coupling on tunnel air temperature, and validated through field experiments. The results show that the dual-field model accurately matches temperature distribution; a 2.9°C rise in slurry temperature leads to a 0.54°C increase in air temperature. The dual-duct ventilation system lowers the average tunnel air temperature by 1.86°C compared to a single-duct system. Opening the cutterhead replacement chamber door reduces chamber air temperature by 0.9°C, but the overall tunnel temperature increases slightly from 34.9°C to 35.3°C. The model characterizes the thermal environment in an SPB shield tunnel, offering valuable guidance for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106739"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of pyramid solar stills with finned absorbers: Enhancing thermal efficiency for sustainable desalination","authors":"Angham Fadil Abed ,&nbsp;Mohammed J. Alshukri ,&nbsp;Rassol Hamed Rasheed ,&nbsp;Luay S. Al-Ansari ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohsin Alsayah ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar desalination provides a sustainable method of producing freshwater in desert areas with limited access to electricity and drinkable water. Improving solar still efficiency is essential to increasing the viability and efficacy of this technology. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of adding square, pyramid and cylindrical-shaped fins on a pyramid solar still's efficiency and to parametrically analyze the thermal performance of the device. Although other studies have looked at a variety of designs to optimize the performance of solar stills, this study is unusual in that it compares fins with square, pyramid and cylinerical shapes, offering fresh perspectives on the best design arrangements for increased thermal efficiency. Four configurations—a flat plate conventional pyramid solar still (FPCPS), a square finned plate pyramid solar still (SFPPS), pyramid finned plate solar still (PFPPS), and a cylindrical finned plate pyramid solar still (CFPPS) —were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. To evaluate their impact on thermal performance, important parameters such fin height, thickness, number of fins, and water depth were systematically changed. The simulations showed that while increasing fin thickness and quantity has a negative effect on performance, increasing fin height improves efficiency for square, pyramid-shaped and cylindrical fins. With ideal fin numbers (Nf = 25) and lengths (Lf = 0.04 m) and a basin projected area of 1 m², the SFPPS and CFPPS configurations specifically obtained an efficiency boost of 112.2 % and 102.8 %, while the PFPPS demonstrated a 79.2 % enhancement in comparison to the traditional design. For the FBCPS, SFBPS, PFBPS, and CFPPS, the highest measured thermal efficiencies were 38.11 %, 56.15 %, 54.20 %, and 55.40 %, respectively. These results highlight how important fin geometry is for maximizing pyramid solar stills' thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106730"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ellipsoidal protrusions for enhanced thermal performance in fin-tube heat exchangers","authors":"Mun Su Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong Geun Gwon ,&nbsp;Young Min Seo ,&nbsp;Hoon Ki Choi ,&nbsp;Yong Gap Park","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing heat transfer in fin-tube heat exchangers is crucial for improving energy efficiency across various industrial applications. In this study, the effects of the position angle (<em>α</em>), attack angle (<em>β</em>), and size scale (<em>ε</em>) of ellipsoidal protrusions on the heat transfer characteristics of a fin-tube heat exchanger were numerically analyzed within the Reynolds number range of 1500–5000. Results showed that as α and ε increased, the vorticity generated downstream of the protrusions also increased. At <em>α</em> = 45°, heat transfer decreased as <em>β</em> increased, whereas at <em>α</em> = 67.5° and 90°, it increased with <em>β</em>. The Colburn <em>j</em> factor of fins with protrusions increased by 48.85 % compared to that of fins without protrusions at <em>α</em> = 90° and <em>β</em> = 40° with <em>ε</em> = 1.2. At <em>α</em> = 90°, both the Colburn <em>j</em> factor and the friction factor increased significantly; thus, the optimal position was identified as <em>α</em> = 67.5° and <em>β</em> = 40° with <em>ε</em> = 1.2, where the volume goodness factor was 25.41 % higher than that of fins without protrusions. These findings offer valuable insights for designing more efficient fin-tube heat exchangers, with implications for energy conservation in thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal optimization of nickel-carbon nanodots using neural network and numerical simulation","authors":"Sohail Ahmad ,&nbsp;Hessa A. Alsalmah","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nano-composition of nickel <em>Ni</em> and carbon nanodots <em>CNDs</em> in glycerol <em>C</em>_<em>3</em><em>H</em>_<em>8</em><em>O</em>_<em>3</em> can serve as nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery or as photodynamic therapy agents due to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species. The energy systems involving <em>Ni-CNDs/C</em>_<em>3</em><em>H</em>_<em>8</em><em>O</em>_<em>3</em> play an eminent role in supercapacitors and batteries, benefiting from the high conductivity of carbon nanodots and nickel's redox activity. The glycerol can act as a binder or stabilizer to enhance durability. The ongoing research presents an in-depth analysis of the dynamics of nickel-carbon nanodots suspended in glycerol. The governing Navier-Stokes’ system is amended by the activation energy and heat generation. The dynamial and thermal aspects of <em>Ni-CNDs/C</em>_<em>3</em><em>H</em>_<em>8</em><em>O</em>_<em>3</em> are assessed by employing a convolutional neural network (<em>CNN</em>) alongside a finite difference numerical scheme. The nonlinear governing problem is solved through the finite difference method and then further optimized and validated with a <em>CNN</em>-based model for enhanced accuracy and computational efficiency. The <em>CNN</em> model is trained on a data generated from numerical simulations, enabling efficient prediction of flow and thermal characteristics. It is deduced that the volume concentrations of nickel and carbon nanodots have high impact on the temperature in either <em>CNDs/C</em>_<em>3</em><em>H</em>_<em>8</em><em>O</em>_<em>3</em> and <em>Ni-CNDs/C</em>_<em>3</em><em>H</em>_<em>8</em><em>O</em>_<em>3</em> case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106768"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of water desalination system based on interfacial solar evaporation","authors":"Safiye Shafiei ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Pilali ,&nbsp;Mohsen Salimi ,&nbsp;Majid Amidpour","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the growing need for freshwater in light of increasing pollution in water sources. Given that most of Earth's water is non-potable seawater, solar desalination through evaporation is a promising, eco-friendly solution. A novel approach is introduced by transforming a graphene-based solar evaporator from a flat disk to a helical structure, enhancing evaporation performance. This helical design improves convective cooling and reduces surface temperatures, achieving a remarkable 400-fold increase in evaporation rate as the flow rate increases from 0.4 m/s to 1.6 m/s. Material comparisons showed that wood produced the most freshwater at 118.5 g, while Al₂O₃ produced the least at 115.3 g. The spiral structure yielded 92 g of water, outperforming the disk with 77 g due to better surface contact and heat transfer. Despite the larger water absorption area of the disk, the helical design allows for flexibility and practicality. The study also deployed an optimized meshing technique using COMSOL software to enhance computational accuracy, with key meshing parameters set for optimal performance. The findings highlight the potential of solar evaporation as a sustainable solution for addressing water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106734"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asphaltene transformation and agglomeration in compressed light oil systems under carbon dioxide injection in a porous structure: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Yaning Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Bai ,&nbsp;Ali B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Murtadha M. Al-Zahiwat ,&nbsp;Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh ,&nbsp;Hani Sahramaneshi ,&nbsp;Riadh Marzouki","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising depletion of light fossil fuels is leading to an increasing global dependence on heavy oil production. Asphaltene deposition poses a significant challenge in the application of improved oil recovery by CO₂ injection, adversely affecting reservoir permeability and extraction efficiency. Despite previous research highlighting the importance of this problem, there was a critical deficiency of knowledge on the impacts of pressure changes on asphaltene agglomeration and structural transformation at the atomic level in compressed light oil reservoirs. This research addressed the information gap using molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the intricate processes of asphaltene aggregation under CO₂ injection. The findings demonstrate that the model structure reached stability after 10 ns, with total and potential energies converging at 52.39 and 51.53 kcal/mol, respectively. The maximum density increases markedly from 0.3789 to 0.3889 atm/ų as pressure increases from 0.5 to 2 bar. Furthermore, the gyration radius of asphaltene molecules increases from 30.02 to 33.95 Å owing to elevated pressure, signifying enhanced molecular dispersion, whereas viscosity had a little reduction from 21.09 to 20.64 Pa s. Conversely, when the concentration of asphaltene molecules increases from 11 to 44, the profile increases from 0.3656 to 0.4138 atm/ų. The radius of gyration decreased from 30.66 to 29.07 Å, whilst the viscosity increases markedly from 23.16 to 28.50 Pa s. These results expand understanding of asphaltene molecular dynamics during CO₂ injection, providing essential information for optimizing enhanced oil recovery and preventing reservoir impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of thermal therapy for porous osteosarcoma knee bone tumors using magnetized copper oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Muhammad Suleman ,&nbsp;Usama Majeed ,&nbsp;Sami Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Nermeen Abdullah ,&nbsp;Nidhal Becheikh ,&nbsp;Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteosarcoma is malignant bone tumor in youth, affecting the distal femur the knee. The interaction of magnetized nanoparticles-induced hyperthermia identifies a minimal intrusive strategy for the tumor ablation, proposing alternatives to peak risk surgical resection. This thermal therapy may preserve the join functionality during the limb-salvage procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This continuation presents a computational approach to simulating thermal treatment of porous knee Osteosarcoma tumors with applications of magnetized copper oxide nanoparticles. Porosity increases the nanoparticles penetration and thermal phenomenon, enhancing the treatment efficiency as well as tumor damage. The quantitative analysis is performed for all involved thermal therapy processes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 3D tumor configuration mimicking the knee bone tissues has been generated with help of Bézier curves. A COMSOL Multiphysics has been used to model the diffusion and infusion of nanoparticles and heat generation. The nanoparticles movement is supported with convection-diffusion model, while Pennes’ bio-heat theory is followed to study the thermal impact in porous tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Therapeutic temperatures (42–90 °C) has been resulted in 5–7 min of magnetic induction, enabling the effective tumor ablation without damaging any other tissues. Maximum nanoparticles concentration, temperature and tumor damage friction is examined at center of tumor. An accuracy of 85–90 % tumor damage has been resulted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The copper oxide nanoparticles assisted hyperthermia effectively targeted the porous osteosarcoma tumors, demonstrating potential for the minimally invasive treatment. The proposed model presents future applications in treating other cancers and designing smart bone scaffolds, justifying promising tool for optimizing thermal therapies in orthopedic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional natural convection in an enclosure with four cylinders: Effects of vertical spacing on flow and heat transfer","authors":"Young Min Seo ,&nbsp;Yong Gap Park","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigated three-dimensional natural convection of an incompressible fluid in an enclosure containing four heated cylinders, focusing on the effects of vertical spacing on flow and heat transfer. Unsteady simulations were conducted using an in-house Fortran-based finite volume solver. The vertical spacing between the cylinders ranged from 0.1 ≤ <em>ε</em>_<em>v</em> ≤ 0.5, and the Rayleigh number varied from 10⁴ to 10⁶. As the Rayleigh number increased, heat transfer shifted from conduction-dominated to convection-dominated, with more complex and unstable flow patterns. Vertical spacing significantly affected flow stability, heat transfer performance, and temperature distribution. At <em>ε</em>_<em>v</em> = 0.2, the flow showed quasi-periodic behavior, while larger spacings led to more irregular and unsteady flows, reducing three-dimensional effects. Heat transfer increased with spacing for all Rayleigh numbers. Notably, at <em>ε</em>_<em>v</em> = 0.1 at <em>Ra</em> = 10⁶, three-dimensional simulations showed distinct differences from two-dimensional results, indicating the importance of three-dimensional effects. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) was also used to predict heat transfer performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 106763"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}