Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Melting heat transport reliability on dynamics of tri-hybrid nanofluid due to inclined shrinking surface","authors":"Muhammad Yasir ,&nbsp;Roobaea Alroobaea ,&nbsp;N. Ameer Ahammad ,&nbsp;Ibrahim E. Elseesy","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The majority of current research has focused on ternary hybrid nanofluids because of their potential to enhance the fluid's hydrodynamic and thermal properties. These nanofluids have improved heat transfer capability for enhancing and maintaining the requirement for renewable and energy-efficient options. However, it is essential to model and study ternary hybrid nanofluids before their use in industry as heat-transferring fluids. In this numerical work, ternary hybrid nanofluids containing zinc, titanium dioxide, and aluminum oxide submerged in water are examined for stagnation point flow and heat transport properties. Meanwhile, the physical phenomenon for the mixed convection flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid induced by inclined shrinking cylinder is designed by considering influential physical factors in the form of Darcy-Forchheimer relation, Melting surface, and partial slip. The complexity of the produced partial differential equation model reduces into similarity differential equations by similarity transformation. The resulting equations are programmed in MATLAB and processed using the bvp4c function to attain the results graphically. According to the graphical results, two solutions are possible under a shrinking condition, and the flow separates inside this region. According to the numerical results, the first solution has a lower friction drag coefficient and significantly better heat transfer performance when melting is higher and the curvature parameter is increased. The outcomes show that the fluid temperature rapidly drops when a melting parameter intensification, while for radiation and Eckert strength, the thermal distribution increases. In this investigation, the results demonstrated a high degree of consistency with relevant published studies, while setting certain factors to zero lowers the present scenario to some of the existing difficulties in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear improvement of mathematical model of coal oxidation heat release and case study of oxygen concentration effect","authors":"Yin Liu ,&nbsp;Shijie Deng ,&nbsp;Hu Wen ,&nbsp;Shangrong Jiang ,&nbsp;Jun Guo ,&nbsp;Dailin Li ,&nbsp;Changming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is important to accurately calculate coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) characteristic parameters for preventing and controlling coal fire disasters. Previous studies have shown that the process of CSC has nonlinear variation characteristics with temperature and O₂ concentration. Based on this, non-linear improved model of coal oxidation characteristic parameters is constructed in this study, and compared with the linear model calculation case. The results show a power function non-linear relation of coal oxidation characteristic parameters with O₂ concentration. The improved model can more accurately calculate the O₂ consumption rate (OCR), gas formation rate (GFR) and heat release intensity (HRI) in CSC. In contrast, Linear model can more conveniently and quickly obtain the characteristics of coal oxidation. The transcendental equation dichotomy solution of the reaction order considers the actual attenuation characteristics of O₂ in coal sample at the airflow direction, and the calculation result is more accurate. The average O₂ concentration hypothesis method can be used to calculate the reaction order more quickly, and the results are consistent. With an increase in temperature, the O₂ content sensitivity of the oxidation characteristic parameters first decreases and then increases. These findings have theoretical value for preventing and controlling coal fire disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106079"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design an asymmetrical 49-level inverter fed by battery and PV energy sources","authors":"Reving Masoud Abdulhakeem ,&nbsp;Ali Kircay ,&nbsp;Rakan Khalil Antar","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the design and performance of an asymmetrical 49-level cascaded inverter specifically developed for renewable energy applications. The inverter's operation is analyzed under three distinct scenarios: utilizing DC battery sources configured in a per-unit voltage ratio (1:2:7:14), employing DC batteries with actual voltage levels (40:80:280:560 V), and replacing the DC sources with photovoltaic (PV) modules. The simulation results demonstrate the inverter's exceptional capability to produce high-quality sinusoidal output voltage and current waveforms with significantly low harmonic distortion. In the per-unit voltage configuration, the inverter achieves an RMS voltage (<em>V</em>o_<em>RMS</em>) of 16.9719V and an RMS current (<em>I</em>o_<em>RMS</em>) of 1.0569A, with a total harmonic distortion of 0.71216 % for voltage (THD_<em>V</em>o) and 0.093319 % for current (THD_<em>I</em>o). When configured with actual voltage levels, the system delivers <em>V</em>o_<em>RMS</em> = 679.0492V and <em>I</em>o_<em>RMS</em> = 4.265A, with THD_<em>V</em>o of 0.71227 % and THD_<em>I</em>o of 0.16719 %. With PV modules system, the inverter achieves <em>V</em>o_<em>RMS</em> = 692.7293V and <em>I</em>o_<em>RMS</em> = 43.1367A, and the THD values for output voltage and current were 1.2926 % and 0.33963 %, respectively. These results highlight the inverter's versatility and efficiency in providing high-quality power output while maintaining minimal harmonic distortion, making it a promising solution for modern renewable energy systems and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106080"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance and passive energy saving optimization of prefabricated houses in Xinjiang region","authors":"Juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Botao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunchao Fu ,&nbsp;Yongcai Li ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Xinjiang uygur autonomous region in China experiences low winter temperatures and strong solar radiation. Actual test results showed that the indoor temperature of a conventional prefabricated house dropped to −10.02 °C at night, resulting in high heating energy consumption of 80.08 kWh. After insulation transformation, the minimum temperature improved by 4.94 °C and heating energy consumption was reduced by 46.7 %. TRNSYS was utilized to develop the prefabricated house model and the genetic algorithm coupled with MATLAB is employed to perform the optimization calculations by considering the thicknesses of thermal insulation materials on external walls and roofs as variables for optimization. The results indicate that the GA-optimized scheme suggests 300 mm of roof insulation material, 360 mm of floor insulation material, and 110 mm for the north wall as well as 100 mm each for the south, east, and west external walls. Compared to original scheme1, it effectively achieves a reduction in the annual cost value to 6037.09CNY, representing a decrease of 489.853CNY, along with an energy consumption of 9428.36 kWh, reflectiong a reduction by 13.48 %.This study provides experimental data and passive energy-saving optimization solutions for improving thermal performance in retrofitting prefabricated houses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of vortex generator positioning and heated surface orientation on thermal performance and flow dynamics in asymmetrically heated duct","authors":"Hüseyin Zahit Demirağ","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This computational investigation primarily explores the impact of three factors on thermo-hydraulic performance: the dimensionless distance ratio (<em>z/L</em> = −0.1 to 0.5), Heated Surface [HS] orientation (HS-Up, HS-Down), and Delta Winglet [DW] positioning (DW-PU, DW-PD). The numerical model applies steady-state RANS and energy equations with the (SST) k-<em>ω</em> turbulence model, assuming incompressibility, constant thermophysical properties, and ignoring radiation and buoyancy effects. A comprehensive analysis of resulting data reveals that the DW-PD configuration yields lower Darcy friction factors across all <em>z/L</em> ratios compared to DW-PU layout, exhibiting reductions of 6.35 % at <em>z/L</em> = −0.1 and 3.49 % at <em>z/L</em> = 0.5. The DW-PD setup with HS-Down demonstrates the best thermal performance among all configurations and dimensionless distance ratios (except <em>z/L</em> = −0.1). Moreover, the optimum dimensionless distance ratios for achieving the highest Nusselt numbers are determined as <em>z/L</em> = 0.1 for HS-Up and <em>z/L</em> = 0.2 for HS-Down under both configurations. The computational data indicates that the difference between the maximum and minimum Thermal Enhancement Factor [TEF] is approximately 23.78 % and the highest TEF = 1.25, is achieved with the utilization of DW-PD at <em>z/L</em> = 0.2 for HS-Down at Re = 5000. This study underscores the critical significance of examining all these parameters to attain the highest thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat and flow analysis of a bioconvective second-grade nanofluid with multiple slip effect over a stretching porous cylinder","authors":"Muhammad Naveed Khan ,&nbsp;Naveed Ahsan ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hussien ,&nbsp;Taoufik Saidani ,&nbsp;F.M. Aldosari ,&nbsp;Haifaa F. Alrihieli","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid motions in cylindrical domains have many applications in the vital areas like as chemical processes, food industry, bioengineering, oil exploitation, etc. The aims of current research is to investigate the Darcy-Forchheimer bio-convective flow of a Second-grade nanofluid over a porous stretching cylinder. The flow model incorporates with several key factors, like magnetic fields, activation energy, non-uniform heat sources/sinks, and Joule heating effect. Additionally, the analysis is considered with the slip boundary conditions and gyrotactic microorganisms within the flow regime. The transformation of the flow model into a nonlinear system of ODEs is achieved using suitable similarity variables, and the system is solved numerically by the usage of Bvp4c approach on MATLAB. The influence of different parameters on temperature, velocity, concentration, and microorganism distribution are demonstrated by the graphical and numerically. It is evident that as the viscoelastic and curvature parameters increase, the fluid velocity rises, because the reduction in surface area leads to decrease in the fluid resistance, which causing the fluid velocity to increase. Similarly, a rise in the Eckert number and radiation parameter enhances the temperature profile, whereas a higher thermal slip parameter reduces it. Additionally a rise in the activation energy parameter enhances concentration profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical thermodynamic-economic study and machine learning-based optimization of an innovative biogas-driven integrated power plant combined with sustainable liquid CO2 and liquid H2 production-storage processes","authors":"Ruijia Yuan, Fan Shi, Azher M. Abed, Mohamed Shaban, Sarminah Samad, Ahmad Almadhor, Barno Abdullaeva, Mouloud Aoudia, Salem Alkhalaf, Samah G. Babiker","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106043","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative heat recovery, CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> capture, and energy storage methodologies are pivotal for developing sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for the energy sector. Hence, this study proposes implementing an oxyfuel combustion process for a biogas power plant, modified by an innovative heat recovery method and a CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> capture-liquefaction technique. Furthermore, the design incorporates high-temperature water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, which is then introduced into a hydrogen liquefaction process utilizing a Claude cycle for adequate long-term storage. The research employs thermodynamic, exergoeconomic, and net present value assessments, accompanied by an extensive parametric study and optimization process. Hence, a machine learning algorithm is implemented using artificial neural networks combined with the NSGA-II method for multi-criteria optimization, focusing on exergy efficiency, net present value, and products' sum unit cost as objective functions. The implemented optimization reduces the optimization time to under 30 min, which is significantly more efficient than traditional heuristic techniques, which typically require several hours for similar systems. This optimization framework is highly applicable to both industrial and district energy systems. This approach enhances predictive analytics and streamlines resource management. In industrial environments, it effectively optimizes energy use and production processes by examining various operational factors, which leads to cost reductions and improved efficiency via predictive maintenance and cohesive energy strategies. The optimal outcomes reveal the mentioned objective functions' values at 47.22 %, 58.73 M$, and 33.53 $/GJ, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, liquid carbon dioxide and liquid hydrogen outputs are quantified at 4931 lit/h and 1848 lit/h, respectively. Finally, the proposed system can omit CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions by 1.36 kg/kWh under optimal conditions, which reflects a 5.60 % better performance than the base case. Furthermore, the products’ sum unit cost decreases by 3.09 %, indicating efficient cost savings linked to the products.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization on thermo-structural performance of honeycomb absorbers for concentrated solar power systems","authors":"Masoud Behzad ,&nbsp;Sébastien Poncet ,&nbsp;Cristóbal Sarmiento-Laurel","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeycomb volumetric solar receivers have emerged as promising candidates for concentrating solar power applications because of their thermal and mechanical properties, enabling the efficient heating of fluids. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing channel design and operating conditions to enhance thermodynamic performance. This study identifies design and operating configurations that maximize the thermodynamic performance and structural reliability of silicon carbide honeycomb volumetric solar receivers, focusing on thermal efficiency and factor of safety. We adopted a multi-objective optimization approach by integrating computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and thermal stress analysis. To streamline computational efforts, the Taguchi method was employed, reducing the number of required simulations while maintaining a relative error below 5 %. A critical mass flow to absorbed power ratio of 5 × 10⁻⁶ (kg/s)/W was identified, beyond which thermal efficiency stabilizes, providing practical guidance for operational optimization. The optimal configuration achieved a thermal efficiency of 89.3 % and a factor of safety of 87.3 %, with a channel width of 3 mm, a thickness of 0.3 mm, an outlet static pressure of −70 Pa, and a radiation flux of 650 kW/m². These findings establish a robust framework for optimizing honeycomb receivers, addressing thermal and structural performance while maintaining simplicity in manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106068"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical-experimental study to improve photovoltaic panel cooling by using hybrid ZnO/Al2O3 nanofluids","authors":"Z.A. Shaalan ,&nbsp;A.M. Hussein ,&nbsp;M.Z. Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanofluids, specifically ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles, have shown significant potential in enhancing the cooling performance of photovoltaic panels. This tackles overheating, a major issue with PV systems, which results in efficiency losses. This study used 0.02 % hybrid nanofluid (Al₂O₃/Zno) flowing at the bottom of PV panels for cooling. In this work offers suggestions for improving PV cooling and contrasts the thermal and electrical efficiency of air-cooled, water-cooled, and hybrid nanofluid-cooled panels. The paper combines a thorough case study of three cooling techniques with CFD simulations using a mixed numerical-experimental methodology, providing practical insights for PV applications in the real world. Three PV panels with the same specifications that were cooled by water, air, and a hybrid nanofluid in a single-pass system were examined using CFD models. Results were compared between hybrid nanofluid-cooled cells and water-air-cooled cells experimentally and numerically. The electrical efficiency values of hybrid nanofluids have increased compared to water and air numerically and experimentally. Along June 2023. The power increases when using hybrid nanofluids compared to air and water respectively experimentally and numerically. The PV temperature of hybrid nanofluids cooling is decreasing compared to air-cooled and water-cooled respectively. Hybrid nanofluids, especially ZnO and Al2O3 have shown promising results in enhancing the cooling performance of photovoltaic panels, leading to increased efficiency and overall effectiveness of solar energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106053"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network-based online stroke detection for CO2 linear refrigeration compressors","authors":"Fanchen Kong ,&nbsp;Mingxuan Huang ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhouhang Hu ,&nbsp;Shanquan Liu ,&nbsp;Guifang Wu ,&nbsp;Mingsheng Tang ,&nbsp;Huiming Zou ,&nbsp;Changqing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ linear compressors are critical for sustainable and energy-efficient refrigeration systems due to the eco-friendly properties of CO₂. However, the unique characteristics of CO₂ compressors introduce significant challenges in piston stroke control. The large pressure difference between suction and discharge conditions requires high operating currents to overcome gas forces, resulting in substantial piston offsets. These offsets interact with nonlinear parameter variations, elevating the risk of resonant frequency shifts and potential valve collisions. Accurate piston stroke measurement is essential to address these issues, but traditional methods relying on displacement sensors are costly. This study presents an innovative artificial neural network (ANN) method for sensorless piston stroke measurement in CO₂ linear compressors. The proposed model requires only six inputs: voltage, current, frequency, active power, suction pressure, and discharge pressure. Optimized ANN parameters enable high prediction accuracy, with an average R² of 0.955, RMSE of 0.206, and an average error of 2.24 % on the testing set. Furthermore, a simple stroke adjustment method based on the ANN model is proposed, allowing for effective stroke control and natural frequency calculation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}