Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of a two-phase mini-channel cold plate for a 2 kW fiber laser device","authors":"Qingwen Gui,&nbsp;Youwei He,&nbsp;Yanan Zou,&nbsp;Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase-change direct cooling is regarded as a promising thermal management scheme for the high power and lightweight fiber laser devices. However, limited research has been conducted to the design and analysis of the two-phase cold plate, which is the core component of the phase-change cooling system for fiber laser. This paper addresses the influence of the structure parameter on the performance of a two-phase mini-channel cold plate used in the phase-change cooling system for a 2 kW fiber laser. Firstly, a fluid-solid coupling heat transfer model for the baseline cold plate is established. The accuracy of the simulation is validated by experiment. Next, validated simulation method is employed to analyze the effects of rib number, rib width, and rib height on the heat dissipation performance of the cold plate. Further, the study investigates the impact of key operating parameters, including heat source power and refrigerant flow rate, on the performance of the phase-change cold plate. Finally, by analyzing the relationship between the highest temperature of the cold plate, heat source power, and coolant flow rate, a performance map is created for the highest temperature of the cold plate. This map allows for better matching of the required coolant flow rate for the cooling plate under given heat dissipation load, which would play a crucial role in designing the controller for the phase-change cooling system for the 2 kW fiber laser.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106277"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic performance analysis of sensible and latent cold thermal energy storage systems for building cooling networks","authors":"Bilal Lamrani ,&nbsp;Rubayyi T. Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Abdelhamid Ajbar ,&nbsp;Mouhcine benaicha","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of increasing energy demands and the need for efficient cooling strategies in buildings, Cold Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems offer a promising solution for enhancing the energy flexibility of district cooling networks. However, there remains a need to better understand and quantify the dynamic performance of different TES technologies particularly under realistic operating conditions. This study aims to develop and compare the dynamic thermal performance of sensible and latent cold TES systems integrated into building cooling networks. A lumped dynamic thermal model is proposed for a shell-and-tube TES configuration, enabling fast and accurate simulation of system behavior. The model is validated using experimental data from the literature and applied to analyze chilled water (sensible storage) and phase change materials (PCMs) including RT4 and RT5HC (latent storage). Key performance indicators such as constant cold power delivery duration, tank state of discharge, and average cooling effectiveness are evaluated. Results demonstrate that increasing the cooling load from 50 kW to 70 kW reduces the cold power delivery duration by approximately 45 %. Conversely, increasing the PCM tank volume from 2 m³ to 4 m³ extends this duration by up to 80 %. The PCM RT5HC enables a discharging period 4.5 times longer than chilled water, with a cooling effectiveness reaching 60 % for a 6 m³ tank compared to only 25 % for a 2 m³ tank. These outcomes underscore the potential of latent TES especially when using high-latent-heat PCMs like RT5HC for achieving enhanced thermal stability, extended discharge capacity, and improved energy efficiency in practical district cooling applications. The proposed modeling approach provides a valuable tool for system design, control, and future optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of molten iron flow and heat transfer in plumbing casting defect detection using split tracking approach","authors":"Sirawit Namchanthra ,&nbsp;Pannita Phirommark ,&nbsp;Tinnapob Phengpom ,&nbsp;Jetsadaporn Priyadumkol ,&nbsp;Wichuphan Wijitdamkerng ,&nbsp;Watcharapong Chookaew ,&nbsp;Chakrit Suvanjumrat ,&nbsp;Machimontorn Promtong","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gravity sand casting, widely utilised in plumbing manufacturing for metal part production, is the focus of this research to enhance its efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to address molten flow, solidification, and cooling dynamics to reduce surface and internal defects. FLOW-3D CAST software was utilised with Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to examine flow patterns during the filling and solidification process. Suitable riser locations, quantities, and sprue placements were determined, emphasising their critical role in enhancing quality. The control of crystallisation temperatures and accurate positioning of pouring caps were also highlighted. Insights into refining gravity sand casting are provided, laying the groundwork for future CFD validation studies to confirm defect reduction in air valve production and further improvements in process parameters. Rapid filling within 20 s at 1550 °C influenced a 740-s solidification process. Key solidification phases between 100 and 600 s were crucial for improving casting efficiency and quality. Proper riser and sprue configurations were found to be essential for process efficiency and waste reduction, demonstrating economic benefits for sustainable manufacturing practices. Enhanced accuracy in simulating fluid dynamics during casting was achieved by benchmarking Split Lagrangian tracking schemes against other methods, which is critical for predicting process behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of flow phase transition and heat transfer of N2O medium at the rock core scale of dry hot rock","authors":"Yongsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Jiansong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianxin Xia ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phase characteristics of the heat exchange medium play a crucial role in the thermal performance of the heat reservoir in Enhanced Geothermal Systems. A numerical model was developed at the core scale for a two-dimensional rough single fracture, incorporating the phase-change behavior of N₂O. The thermal-hydraulic transport characteristics of liquid and supercritical N₂O within a single fracture in hot dry rock were investigated under varying inlet velocity and temperature conditions. The results reveal the following key findings: (1) When N₂O is in the supercritical state, vortex-like streamlines are more likely to form at the corners of the flow channel. Under high-velocity and low-temperature conditions, the temperature variation of N₂O at the fracture edges exhibits a more pronounced sawtooth pattern. (2) At an inlet velocity of 0.01 m/s, the phase state of N₂O varies at different locations within the fracture channel: liquid near the inlet and supercritical near the outlet. (3)Compared to the inlet temperature, the inlet velocity has a more pronounced effect on the heat extraction rate at the outlet. When the inlet velocity of N₂O is 0.01 m/s and the temperature is 40 °C, the maximum heat extraction rate reaches 830.89 W/m. These findings provide valuable insights into the thermal-hydraulic transport processes of heat exchange medium with phase-change characteristics in fractured reservoirs of hot dry rock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of heat pipe and rotary regenerative heat exchangers","authors":"Koray Özdemi̇r ,&nbsp;Elif Öğüt","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a mathematical modeling study combined with experimental part of a heat pipe heat exchanger (THEX) was performed. Then, the rotary type regenerative heat exchanger (RHEX), which is widely used in heat recovery applications, is also analytically modeled. Using these models confirmed by experimental data from literature, a regenerative heat exchanger design with the same volume as the heat pipe heat exchanger has been designed. Using proposed designs, heat pipe heat exchanger and rotary type regenerative heat exchanger with the same mass flowrates and air inlet temperatures were compared in terms of air outlet temperatures, total effectiveness value, total fan power requirements, mass and material cost. In this context, effects of hot stream inlet velocity were investigated. Under the same operating conditions, the total effectiveness value of THEX is found to be 24.7 % higher than RHEX, the total fan power requirement at RHEX is approximately 45 times higher than THEX, the total mass of RHEX is approximately 16 times higher than THEX. In addition, RHEX total material cost is approximately 4 times higher than THEX. In general, the heat pipe heat exchanger stands out in terms of effectiveness, total fan power requirement, and cost for heat recovery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat exchange capability of main heat exchangers in pressurized water test loop under low parameter conditions during fuel assembly irradiation","authors":"Junping Si,&nbsp;Guang Zhao,&nbsp;Yun Wang,&nbsp;Mingyan Tong,&nbsp;Jinkang Cheng,&nbsp;Jin Lei,&nbsp;Hongwei Wu,&nbsp;Yueyan Song,&nbsp;Yongqiang Li,&nbsp;Yong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steady-state irradiation test for fuel assemblies is a key aspect of nuclear reactor fuel development, for revealing irradiation resistance and verifying the safety of new fuel assemblies before engineering application. The impact of low parameter conditions on the heat transfer capacity of main heat exchangers in the pressurized high-temperature water test loop was studied. A segmented fitting method for determining flow turning points was established, and proposals for series-parallel configurations and new regenerative heat exchanger designs were presented. It is shown that the total heat exchange power of two main heat exchangers operating in parallel is not always greater than that of a single unit. There exists a flow turning point, and above this point, operating the two main heat exchangers in parallel is beneficial. Through segmented fitting, the flow turning points at different inlet water temperatures can be obtained. The average difference in turning points obtained from fitting and calculations is only 0.6 %, with a corresponding average power deviation of 1.8 %. Besides, for low parameter operating conditions, the issues of insufficient heat exchange power can be addressed by using a series connection of the main heat exchangers and adjusting the heat exchange area of the regeneration section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106276"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the thermal attributes of nano-composition (GQDs+Bi2Se3+Ag) suspended in therminol VP-1: An artificial intelligence based approach","authors":"Sohail Ahmad ,&nbsp;Hessa A. Alsalmah","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is required in advanced engineering applications such as energy systems, electronics cooling, and industrial processes. The exceptional thermal properties of graphene quantum dots <em>GQDs</em> combined with the thermoelectric performance of bismuth selenide <em>Bi</em>_<em>2</em><em>Se</em>_<em>3</em> and the high conductivity of silver <em>Ag</em> provide significant advancements in heat transfer efficiency and thermal control systems. We explore, in this study, the novel thermal attributes of a ternary nano-composition consisting of <em>GQDs + Bi</em>_<em>2</em><em>Se</em>_<em>3</em><em>+Ag</em> particles suspended in <em>Therminol VP-1</em>. The incorporation of thermal radiation and activation energy offers insights into the temperature-sensitive processes. The analysis covers the features of three types of nano-compositions such as <em>GQDs/Therminol VP-1</em>, <em>GQDs-Bi</em>_<em>2</em><em>Se</em>_<em>3</em><em>/Therminol VP-1</em> and, <em>GQDs-Bi</em>_<em>2</em><em>Se</em>_<em>3</em><em>-Ag/Therminol VP-1</em>. An order reduction approach is applied to streamline the mathematical modelling and computational efforts while preserving the system's accuracy. The analysis incorporates a machine learning technique based on recurrent neural network (<em>RNN</em>) to evaluate the nonlinear impacts of the physical parameters. The outcomes evidently disclose the fact that the volume concentration <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Φ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> of bismuth selenide and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Φ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> of silver tend to elevate the temperature in usual, hybridized and tri-hybridized cases of nano-compositions. The heat transfer rate increased up to 24.5 % when the volume concentration <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Φ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> of bismuth selenide and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>Φ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> of silver increased up to 0.7 and 0.3 respectively. The activation energy <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>E</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> substantially promoted the concentration in either case of nano-composition e.g., ternary, binary and pure nano-composition case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106231"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced natural convective heat transfer in a horizontal elliptic annulus using a diamond fin vortex generator and MWCNT-MgO nanofluid","authors":"V.M. Vinod Kumar,&nbsp;S. Ajith Kumar,&nbsp;R. Vikas","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing heat transfer within the annular region of concentric horizontal cylinders is critical for improving the efficiency and reliability of industrial cooling systems, particularly in waste heat recovery and thermal management applications. Conventional natural convection technologies face limitations due to the development of a stagnant conductive layer and the suppression of turbulence near the heat exchanger tube. To address this, the study introduces a novel combination of Hybrid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Magnesium Oxide (MWCNT-MgO) nanofluid with a Diamond Fin Vortex Generator, aimed at enhancing turbulence and thermal conductivity for superior convective heat transfer. Through the disruption of coolant flow, a proposed Diamond Fin Vortex Generator improves heat transfer rates by disrupting boundary layer formation and promoting turbulent mixing to prevent stagnant fluid zones. Furthermore, the cutting-edge Hybrid Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-magnesium oxide Nano Coolant, which combines magnesium oxide nanoparticles with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, enhances thermal conductivity and simplifies preparation by eliminating the need for surfactants, thereby reducing risks associated with corrosion and scale formation. The proposed strategy is evaluated through numerical simulations in ANSYS CFD, exploring variations in fin heights and their impact on key metrics such as heat transfer coefficient, turbulence intensity, and pressure drop. The results show that the proposed model outperforms existing designs with a 28 % higher convective heat transfer coefficient and a 10.7 % improvement over standard elliptical annuli. The Hybrid MWCNT-MgO nanofluid achieves a thermal conductivity of 0.278 kW/mK and a 15 % increase in Nusselt number. This results in a surface temperature reduction to 25.8 °C at 1000 W/m².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106099"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on efficient numerical method of air flow and heat transfer in a refrigerated truck","authors":"Shiming Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Deng ,&nbsp;Yingsun Sun ,&nbsp;Puxian Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze airflow and heat transfer in refrigerated trucks, comparing two turbulence models: the BSL <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> and SST <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em>. Optimal simulation parameters were determined through validation, including a convergence criterion of 10⁻⁴ and a time step of 0.1 s. The analysis incorporates both iterative (ITA) and non-iterative time-advancement (NITA) schemes to assess computational efficiency. The research aims to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the BSL <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> and the SST <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> models, establish an optimal numerical method for reliable simulations, and evaluate the computational benefits of NITA over traditional ITA schemes. This work provides the first systematic comparison of the BSL <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> and the SST <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> models for refrigerated truck applications, demonstrating significant computational savings through model selection and NITA implementation. The study also quantifies the impact of turbulent viscosity differences on convergence behavior. Both <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> models accurately predict the overall temperature field, aligning well with experimental data despite minor local discrepancies. The BSL <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> model converges faster than the SST <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> model due to its larger turbulent viscosity, reducing computational cost by 33.1 %. The NITA scheme further cuts simulation time to 61.3 % of the ITA scheme's duration (690 min) when combined with the BSL <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> model. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the efficiency of refrigerated trucks’ design and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4E performance assessment of innovative tubular solar still enhanced with evacuated tube heater, thin-film hanging wick, and cover cooling","authors":"U.F. Alqsair ,&nbsp;Abanob Joseph ,&nbsp;A.S. Abdullah ,&nbsp;Swellam W. Sharshir","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential performance improvements of a tubular solar still (TSS) through innovative design modifications. Three configurations are explored a hanging wick for thin-film evaporation, an evacuated tube solar heater to boost evaporation, and a cover cooling system to enhance condensation. In the first setup, the TSS achieved a daily output of 4.57 L/m², which represents a 38.48 % increase compared to the conventional solar still (CSS) average output of 3.2 L/m². The energy and exergy efficiencies increased to 43.92 % and 3.72 %, respectively, compared to the CSS, which achieved 33 % and 2.1 % for energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively. In the second configuration, the TSS showed further improvement with a daily yield of 8.32 L/m², an increase of 157.5 % over the CSS. In the third configuration (the best case), the daily yield increased from 3.2 L/m² in the CSS to 9.96 L/m², an improvement of 205.48 %. Energy and exergy efficiencies increased to 88.29 % and 9.42 %, respectively. The third configuration has the minimum cost of producing water was 0.0170 $/L alongside 412.79 % enhancement in exergy output (220.43 kWh/year) over the CSS, and five times CO₂ emission reduction (5.29 tons).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 106266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}