Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Application of Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) for Solitary-Peakon Investigation of Lax Model","authors":"Muhammad Wajahat Anjum, Sana Ullah Saqib, Yin-Tzer Shih, Israr Ul Hassan, Adnan, Ines Hilali Jaghdam, Mouloud Aoudia, Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106537","url":null,"abstract":"This study utilizes novel Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks to solve the fifth-order KdV-Lax problem, employing both periodic and Peakon solutions. Several soliton solutions, including solitary wave, Peakon forms, are presented using the KANs technique for the Lax problem of fifth order. The novelty of this investigation lies in its combination of a practical numerical approach for KANs with a powerful analytical strategy (the exp-function method) to verify reliability and authenticity, utilizing illustrations and tables to identify various types of soliton solutions. Although KANs provide an approximation for solving the KdV-Lax equation, their ability to tackle complex problems makes them a viable choice when an analytical solution is not possible. The use of KANs over the exponential function method's approximate solution is exceptional; it offers a thorough analysis of the solution's uniqueness and convergence using loss plots, error histograms, mean square logarithmic error, mean poisson deviation, and regression plots, among others. The numerical results of thorough simulations, with minimal error (<ce:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"></ce:math>), regression metric value (<ce:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"></ce:math>), and histogram with the majority of instances (<ce:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"></ce:math>) nearly close to zero, unquestionably supported or confirmed the accuracy of KANs against the analytical (exp-function) method. Furthermore, the robustness of the KANs model is demonstrated by consistently low absolute error metrics.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYZING AND IMPROVING THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF ROAD NETWORK WEIGHING STATIONS THROUGH MEASUREMENTS AND CFD MODELING","authors":"Mohammadreza Tohidi, Jean Rouleau, Louis Gosselin","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106543","url":null,"abstract":"Weighing stations ensure the safety and durability of road infrastructures. In cold climates, weighing stations are heated to melt accumulated snow and maintain an adequate operating temperature, resulting in significant energy consumption. The objective of this work is to understand the heat transfer and airflow within weighing stations and identify potential improvements. A CFD model was developed and validated, based on measurements in a weighing station in Quebec City, Canada. Then, three performance metrics were defined to assess thermal uniformity inside the pit, the heat flux available for snow melting, and the amount of heat losses. A parametric study was performed by varying the heater configuration and capacity, as well as the airtightness of the pit, to identify the most influential variables. Results showed that the heat losses due to airflow through the different gaps in the station were dominant, representing around 54% of the heat input in the current situation. Adopting a new configuration (more heaters of smaller capacity) and improving airtightness significantly improved thermal performance under simulated conditions. The methods and results from this paper are useful to engineers who design, maintain, operate and renovate weighting stations and other similar heat transfer systems.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass transpiration impact on effectiveness of heat transport of ternary hybrid nanofluid with velocity slip","authors":"S. Bilal, Muhammad Yasir","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106530","url":null,"abstract":"Admirable utilizations about the dynamical movement of rheological materials over exponentially shrinking configurations in industrial and technological fields have mesmerized investigators. Some potential applications are in polymer processing, fiber production, power generation, refrigeration, aircraft design, and many more. Furthermore, to raise the efficiency and to optimize the performance of the aforementioned mechanisms insertion of the composition of distinctively natured ternary nanoparticles comprising of Cu, TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and Ag are induced. Water is considered as base liquid and its flow due to stretchable/shrinkable surface is entertained. The effectiveness of permeable medium by accounting modified Darcy law to envision inertial aspects is included. Thermal energy transmission in the emergence of radiative flux and variant heat source through non-linear approximating function is also manifested. The velocity boundary constraint with suction is applied at the boundary of the surface to examine the change in fluid motion. Translation of governing equations in the form of ordinary differential setup after execution of a similar approach is applied. BVP4C solver is capitalized to resolve the problem and run simulation relevant to shrinking/stretching case for upper and lower branches of the solution. Associated quantities concerned with momentum and heat flux are enumerated for a vast range of parameters. It is inferred from the comprehensive and in-depth analysis of attained outcomes that convective heat transfer determined through Nusselt number elevates versus suction and radiation parameters. Furthermore, the implication of externally applied magnetic field and suction causes the opposite i.e. increasing and decreasing impact on velocity distribution respectively for first and second-branch solutions. Radiation and variable heat sources exclusively raise the temperature distribution in all situations.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heating performance of an air source heat pump with a portable thermoelectric subcooler","authors":"Yifeng Hu ,&nbsp;Bo Shen ,&nbsp;Sreenidhi Krishnamoorthy ,&nbsp;Don Shirey","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the heating performance of an integrated air-source heat pump (ASHP) with a thermoelectric subcooler (TES) module, revealing significant performance enhancements, particularly in colder temperatures. Results show that adding the portable TES boosts the ASHP's heating capacity, making it feasible for residential applications. The coefficient of performance (COP) for the TE system, which is influenced by condensing temperatures and ambient conditions, ranges from 1.51 to 2.07. If condensing temperatures are consistently maintained above 35 °C, a TE COP of approximately 2.07 is achievable, supporting system downsizing and reducing supplemental heating. When coupled with an oversized indoor coil, the TES-ASHP system delivers comparable heating to a baseline unit while achieving a 10 % higher COP. Capacity increases by 8.7 %–24 % with TES in colder conditions, though COP declines by 9 %–18 %, diminishing as temperatures drop. Compared to systems with supplemental heating, this setup achieves a COP 10 %–17 % higher. Future work will involve extended field testing in various climates, exploration of advanced materials for thermal efficiency, and assessment of alternative refrigerants to improve performance and sustainability. This integrated ASHP-TES system holds promise for increased efficiency and reduced environmental impact in cold climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the dynamic response of two concentric spheres in the context of thermoelastic diffusion with internal heat source","authors":"Mohamed F. Abbas,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Zaky,&nbsp;Baraa A. Ahmed,&nbsp;Samar A. Mahrous","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work examines the dynamic response of a heat source (inner sphere of radius a) embedded within a concentric spherical body (outer radius b), governed by the one-relaxation-time generalized thermoelastic diffusion theory. The outer sphere is subjected to a thermal load while remaining stress-free. A Laplace transform approach is used to solve the governing equations. The subsequent inverse transform yields the spatial distributions of temperature, displacement, radial stress, concentration, and chemical potential. Numerical results reveal a weak dependence of temperature but strong dependence of displacement and stress on the duration of thermal loading. The study underscores the importance of generalized thermoelastic diffusion theory in accurately modeling complex engineering scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of structural parameters on thermal conductivity of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric","authors":"Wenxiao Chen,&nbsp;Yue Shen,&nbsp;Xuefeng Yan,&nbsp;Yan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the thermal conductivity of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric, <strong>11 fabric samples were prepared using a semi-automatic</strong> weaving <strong>machine.</strong> Surface temperature measurements <strong>were conducted</strong> using infrared thermography <strong>to evaluate</strong> the effects of linear density, fabric density, and structural parameters on thermal conductivity. It is noteworthy that, upon heating, the temperature of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric exhibits a tendency to stabilize approximately 50 s into the heating process, characterized by a remarkably narrow temperature fluctuation range, typically not exceeding 0.5 °C. Moreover, fabrics characterized by a higher weft density and coarser weft yarns demonstrate a proclivity toward elevated temperatures along the weft direction. Conversely, fabrics with an increased warp density demonstrate elevated temperatures in the warp direction. In parallel, fabrics woven with finer yarns and greater fabric density manifest elevated vertical temperatures and a heightened susceptibility to heat penetration. In contrast, fabrics fashioned with coarse and dense yarns boast a substantial heat transfer surface area, resulting in a broader heat distribution pattern. Importantly, the satin weave emerges as a particularly noteworthy weave structure, demonstrating superior thermal conductivity attributes across fabrics of varying weave types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106536"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature gradient and heat source/sink impacts on triple-diffusive surface-tension-driven convection","authors":"Manjunatha Narayanappa ,&nbsp;Vijaya Kumar ,&nbsp;Sumithra Ramakrishna ,&nbsp;Thabet Abdeljawad ,&nbsp;Nabil Mlaiki","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of temperature gradients and internal heat sources/sinks on triple-diffusive surface-tension-driven (Marangoni) convection within a two-layer framework is analytically investigated using an exact solution methodology. A non-Darcy flow model is employed to capture the fluid behavior in the porous medium accurately. The two-layer system, assumed to be horizontally infinite and bounded by adiabatic conditions, exhibits fundamental temperature and concentration gradients. Through the utilization of conventional mode analysis, the ensuing collection of ordinary differential equations is resolved explicitly to derive the eigenvalue. Exact analytical expressions are derived for the temperature distribution considering linear, parabolic, and inverted parabolic profiles as well as for the thermal Marangoni number, with particular emphasis on the roles of the rigid lower and free upper surfaces affected by surface tension. A specialized analytical approach is adopted to address the stability of the system via an eigenvalue formulation. The analysis reveals that system stability is strongly influenced by parameters such as the solutal Marangoni numbers, corrected Rayleigh numbers, and viscosity ratios. In contrast, destabilizing effects are associated with the Darcy number and the corrected Rayleigh number in the porous domain. Among the temperature profiles examined, the inverted parabolic model offers the greatest system stability, whereas the linear profile leads to the highest instability. The study underscores how temperature variations and internal heat generation or absorption significantly affect surface-tension-driven convection, altering surface tension and modifying the interaction of thermal and solutal fields. These phenomena are critically relevant to applications such as microgravity crystal growth, geothermal energy extraction, cryogenic systems, multilayer insulation, and liquid metal batteries. The analytical results align well with existing literature, validating the developed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106531"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of a PV/T system with metal hydride-based energy storage","authors":"Sofiene Mellouli ,&nbsp;Faouzi Askri ,&nbsp;Talal Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Salem Algarni ,&nbsp;Badr M. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines an PV/T solar collector with a Metal Hydride bed for efficient thermal energy storage, using hydrogen as an energy carrier, which has not been previously utilized, to generate electricity and hot water day and night. We included specific application scenarios to illustrate the practical use cases of system. A 3D-theoretical model has been developed, a calculation Fortran code has been created, and the accuracy of the numerical method has been validated. We simulated the dynamic behavior of the PV/T-MH system and compared it with a standard case without the MH bed. Additionally, the study provides detailed insights into electrical energy output, thermal energy output, heat stored in MH bed, and outlet water temperature. The influence of hydrogen dehydriding pressure and water flow rate during daytime on the system's electrical and thermal performance are comprehensively analyzed. For instance, the findings showed that i) at 2.5 bar dehydriding pressure, 56.7 % of the thermal solar energy received by the collector can be stored in the MH bed and reused during the nighttime, ii) the PV/T-MH collector achieves an outlet water temperature about 36 % higher than the standard collector, iii) for the standard collector the average conversion efficiency of PV cells (13.88 %) is less than the case with MH bed (16.69 %), and iv) the average electrical efficiency without MH bed is about 11.02 %, however, this efficiency can reach 13.25 % when using the proposed PV/T-MH solar collector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model order reduction for CAE simulation of the windbox in a 500 MW tangentially fired coal boiler","authors":"Hyesu Yu ,&nbsp;Woojoo Han ,&nbsp;Jihyun Lim ,&nbsp;Kang Y. Huh ,&nbsp;Donghyun You","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A non-intrusive reduced-order model (ROM) is developed to reproduce the steady-state three-dimensional velocity field in the windbox of a 500 MW tangentially fired coal boiler. The model is constructed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of simulation results obtained under sampled operating conditions. These conditions are defined by the six key operational parameters: boiler power, coal heating value, excess air ratio, and damper angles for burner, separated over-fire air (SOFA), and under-fire air (UFA) nozzles. The POD mode coefficients are predicted using Kriging regression. The ROM demonstrates high accuracy, achieving a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) below 1 %, and a maximum normalized error (MNE) approximately an order of magnitude higher and an R² exceeding 0.99, indicating good agreement with the full order model. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the steady-state convergence criterion has the greatest impact on accuracy, with the NRMSE reduced by up to fourfold when tightening the criterion from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁶. Increasing the sample size from 100 to 150 reduces the NRMSE by 30–50 %, while increasing the POD energy level from 99 % to 99.9 % has little effect. The ROM can generate accurate 3-D velocity field in seconds, compared to 28 h per full order CFD simulation, supporting its potential as a real-time digital twin for thermal-fluid systems in complex industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106535"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wave-based heat source model for predicting frictional temperature rise in wheel–brake shoe contacts on long downhill slopes","authors":"Jinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyong Zuo ,&nbsp;Jingxian Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an enhanced numerical model for simulating frictional temperature rise during long-duration tread braking, employing wave-based heat source formulations. A three-dimensional wheel–brake shoe contact model was developed in ANSYS to compare various heat source models, including constant, moving, and wave-based functions (sine, cosine, triangular, and parabolic). Results demonstrate that wave-based heat sources more realistically capture the spatial and temporal temperature evolution than constant heat sources. Among them, the cosine-based heat source method offered the optimal trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy, reducing the discrepancy between constant and moving heat source models from 2.54 %–6.10 % to 1.87 %–5.42 %. The moving heat source method, which accounts for contact-separation-recontact processes, provided the most accurate results, showing the least deviation from experimental results. However, it demands over 5.3 times more computational effort than wave-based methods. Based on these results, the cosine-based heat source is recommended for balancing computational efficiency and accuracy in temperature analysis of tread braking under long downhill gradient conditions. This work provides key insights into frictional heat generation and supports engineering design and optimization in braking systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 106528"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}