Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献_第3页

Evaluating energy-exergy-economics-environmental footprint-enviroeconomics (5e) framework and sustainability metrics with a case study of a twin wedge solar still based desalination system 评估能源-能源-经济-环境足迹-环境经济学（5e）框架和可持续性指标，以双楔形太阳能蒸馏器海水淡化系统为例

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106173

Wesley Jeevadason Aruldoss , C. Bharatiraja , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

{"title":"Evaluating energy-exergy-economics-environmental footprint-enviroeconomics (5e) framework and sustainability metrics with a case study of a twin wedge solar still based desalination system","authors":"Wesley Jeevadason Aruldoss , C. Bharatiraja , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates a Twin Wedge Solar Still (TWSS) against a Conventional Solar Still (CSS) using the 5E framework (energy efficiency, exercise efficiency, economic sustainability, environmental impact, environmental economics) and sustainability index criteria. Results under different temperature conditions indicate that TWSS achieves higher freshwater productivity and thermal energy efficiency, ranging from 17.7 % to 27.9 %, especially during times of low solar radiation. This improvement is due to the twin wedge glass cover design, which increases the condensation surface and aperture area to absorb solar radiation. Economically, TWSS reduces the production cost per litre by 33 % compared to CSS, which has a sustainability index of 1.018. From an environmental point of view, it reduces CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 19 %–42.4 % and shows reduced toxicity by 30 %–36.8 % in impact categories such as Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP) and Human Toxicity Potential (HTP). These advantages make TWSS an excellent option for freshwater production, especially in remote areas. Future research will focus on detailed Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), including production, operation and disposal. In addition, the integration of energy storage and hybridization can increase efficiency and competitiveness compared to conventional desalination methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106173"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring thermal and entropic behaviors in nanofluid stagnation point flow with nonlinear dynamics 用非线性动力学方法研究纳米流体滞止点流动的热力学和熵行为

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106163

M.A. Shahzad , M.S. Anwar , A. Abbas , Taseer Muhammad , Refka Ghodhbani , V. Puneeth

{"title":"Exploring thermal and entropic behaviors in nanofluid stagnation point flow with nonlinear dynamics","authors":"M.A. Shahzad , M.S. Anwar , A. Abbas , Taseer Muhammad , Refka Ghodhbani , V. Puneeth","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the optimization of heat and mass transfer in nanofluid stagnation point flow by analyzing entropy generation and its underlying physical mechanisms. Nanofluid technology, widely applied in thermal energy storage, and heat exchangers represents a significant advancement in modern thermal systems. While nanofluids enhance heat transfer rates, optimizing thermal conductivity through nanoparticle dispersion remains a key challenge. This work also incorporates the effects of a nonlinear chemical reaction to evaluate its impact on coupled heat and mass transport. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations, including momentum, energy, and concentration expressions, are reduced to a system of coupled ordinary differential equations using local similarity transformations. These equations are solved numerically using a Runge–Kutta scheme in MATLAB. The results, presented through tables and graphs, demonstrate how velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles vary with key physical parameters. Entropy generation is shown to increase with higher porosity, while reductions in slip and Williamson fluid parameters decrease it. Furthermore, the skin friction coefficient increases by approximately 7 % when the magnetic parameter <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> increases from 0 to 0.5, whereas the Nusselt number decreases by nearly 28.6 % as <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> increases from 0 to 1. Additionally, the local Sherwood number decreases by approximately 16.7 % when the permeability parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> increases from 0 to 0.3. These findings provide practical insights into enhancing nanofluid based heat and mass transfer systems for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat transfer analysis for cooling discrete heat source in microchannel equipped with flexible baffles using Al2O3-Cu /water hybrid nanofluid 基于Al2O3-Cu /水混合纳米流体的柔性挡板微通道冷却离散热源的传热分析

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106241

Chemseddine Maatki , Karim Kriaa

{"title":"Heat transfer analysis for cooling discrete heat source in microchannel equipped with flexible baffles using Al2O3-Cu /water hybrid nanofluid","authors":"Chemseddine Maatki , Karim Kriaa","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical simulations are conducted to study heat transfer and flow dynamics in a microchannel with three constant-temperature heat sources (Left, Middle, and Right) and flexible baffles. The left and right heat sources are placed above baffles that align with fluid flow. Hybrid Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Cu nanoparticles are employed to improve thermal performance, with the effects of Reynolds number (Re), nanoparticle concentration (ϕ), Young's modulus (E), and baffle orientation systematically analyzed. The Middle heat source demonstrates superior thermal efficiency, achieving a peak heat transfer coefficient of 51.285 kW/m<sup>2</sup>·K at ϕ = 5 %, Re = 60, and E = 200 kPa. The difference in heat transfer efficiency between the left and right sources is induced by the effect of the orientation of the baffles relative to the fluid flow in the channel. Higher Reynolds numbers improve convection, leading in a 34.8 % improvement in the Middle Source over lower Re values. The increasing of nanoparticle concentration from 0 % to 5 % improves the efficiency of heat transfer by 10 % for the left source. Intermediate baffle flexibility improves disturbance generation and maintain a stable structure and flow mixing. These results offer important prospects for the development of microchannel systems for innovative cooling applications in electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selection of high-performance thermal interface materials for space payload applications 为空间有效载荷应用选择高性能热界面材料

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106203

Yifan Zhang , Chunyan Liao , Junjun Qin , Yonglin Bai , Caixia Liu , Kun Zhen , Fujun Bai , Jiatao Wang

{"title":"Selection of high-performance thermal interface materials for space payload applications","authors":"Yifan Zhang , Chunyan Liao , Junjun Qin , Yonglin Bai , Caixia Liu , Kun Zhen , Fujun Bai , Jiatao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are crucial for the thermal management of space payloads. Based on the ASTM D-5470 test standard, a test setup was developed to investigate the effects of interface temperature, contact pressure, and surface roughness on the interface thermal resistance (ITR) of graphite thermal conductive sheet (GTS), smooth indium foil, and embossed indium foil in this paper. The results show that the ITR of the different TIMs exhibits significant differences under different loading conditions. Both indium foil and GTS significantly reduced the ITR compared to that in the absence of TIM, with indium foil exhibiting superior ITR performance at low and medium pressures. The prefabricated embossed structure further reduces the ITR of indium foils, making them superior to smooth indium foil under all conditions. In aerospace payload thermal management, indium foils have superior ITR performance, and GTS is more advantageous in high-temperature environments, with ease of disassembly and resistance to cold welding. The TIMs selection and application strategies proposed in this paper can provide important engineering guidance for the thermal management of space payloads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat transfer and entropy investigation of non-Newtonian nanofluid mixed convection in a cubic cavity with a wavy bottom wall under the influence of a magnetic field 非牛顿纳米流体混合对流在磁场影响下的传热和熵研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106222

Obai Younis , Aissa Abderrahmane , Ali B.M. Ali , Ahmed Rashad , Sameh E. Ahmed , Abed Mourad , Soheil Salahshour , Maboud Hekmatifar , Kamel Guedri

{"title":"Heat transfer and entropy investigation of non-Newtonian nanofluid mixed convection in a cubic cavity with a wavy bottom wall under the influence of a magnetic field","authors":"Obai Younis , Aissa Abderrahmane , Ali B.M. Ali , Ahmed Rashad , Sameh E. Ahmed , Abed Mourad , Soheil Salahshour , Maboud Hekmatifar , Kamel Guedri","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>1)Background</h3><div>This article reports 3D simulations of nanofluid motion within a three-dimensional cubic cavity occupied with a permeable medium. It was supposed that the motion region holds a hot spinning cylinder and has a wavy bottom plane with various undulation values. Also, the domain was separated into two levels., namely, the permeable layer and the power-law nanofluid layer.</div></div><div><h3>2)Methods</h3><div>The worked mixture is a non-Newtonian liquid, and the magnetic impacts are analyzed. The (FEM) with a triangle-shaped part form was used to resolve the governing formulas. The results were demonstrated for a variety of motion factors, including the cylinder's angular velocity (<span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0 to 2000), Hartmann number (Ha= 0-10), power-law index (n= 0.8, 1 and 1.4), and undulation numbers (N= 1 to 4). The effects of the different factors on motion, heat transmission, and entropy formation are illustrated in stream function, isotherms, and isentropic contours. Increased amounts of <span><math><mrow><mi>Ω</mi></mrow></math></span>, Da, N, φ, besides decreased values of Ha, enhance the heat transmission.</div></div><div><h3>3)Significant Findings</h3><div>The majority of entropy production is caused by heat transmission.; though liquid resistance and magneto impact also influence it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of cross-draft biomass gasifier and synthesis gas burner as heat source for small ceramic kilns 交叉通风生物质气化炉和合成气燃烧器作为小型陶瓷窑热源的性能分析

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106191

Puthanate Tabrak , Nathawat Unsomsri , Pathipan Manchit , Sittinun Tawkaew , Songkran Wiriyasart , Sommas Kaewluan

{"title":"Performance analysis of cross-draft biomass gasifier and synthesis gas burner as heat source for small ceramic kilns","authors":"Puthanate Tabrak , Nathawat Unsomsri , Pathipan Manchit , Sittinun Tawkaew , Songkran Wiriyasart , Sommas Kaewluan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional biscuit firing process typically uses LPG, firewood, or electricity as a heat source. This research explores the application of a cross-draft biomass gasifier to generate and combust synthesis gas from rubberwood scraps as a heat source for small ceramic kilns. The firing program consists of two stages. In the first stage, rubberwood scraps are burned with primary air in the gasifier, causing the equivalence ratio (ER) to decrease from 2.07 to 1.36. During this stage, the kiln's internal temperature rises from room temperature to 400 °C. In the second stage, synthesis gas from the gasifier is burned at the burner with secondary air, reducing the ER from 1.68 to 1.18 and increasing the kiln temperature from 400 °C to 800 °C. Gas emission analysis showed that carbon monoxide (CO) remained below 690 ppm, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) peaked at 225 ppm at kiln temperatures above 400 °C. The final biscuit product exhibited a shrinkage of 2.69 %, a density of 1.71 g/mL, and a water absorption rate of 18.51 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic and evolution of the CH4 explosion with different vent tube diameters 不同放空管径下CH4爆炸的动态与演化

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106216

Wen Zhou , Suyue Li , Shuang Geng , Yue Zhao , Mengyi Yuan , Wenxin An , Wenhao Xing , Xueqiang Shi , Yang Zhang , Weiguo Cao

{"title":"Dynamic and evolution of the CH4 explosion with different vent tube diameters","authors":"Wen Zhou , Suyue Li , Shuang Geng , Yue Zhao , Mengyi Yuan , Wenxin An , Wenhao Xing , Xueqiang Shi , Yang Zhang , Weiguo Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CH<sub>4</sub> explosion in a confined space will cause serious harm, and the vent tube can realize the directional venting of the explosion. Through the explosion experiment and numerical simulation of 8 vol% CH<sub>4</sub>, the impact of tube diameter on CH<sub>4</sub> explosion venting was studied. The findings show that the tube diameter affected the pressure accumulation and pressure venting efficiency in the tube, and the maximum explosion pressure decreased as the tube diameter increased. The diameter of the tube affected the velocity and pressure of the venting airflow. When the tube diameter was 70 mm, the maximum explosion pressure decreased by 41.67 %. When the tube diameter was 30 mm, bright and clear Mach disks structure appeared, while the Mach disk structure did not appear when the tube diameter was 70 mm, the maximum flame length and velocity were achieved, 805 mm and 359.55 m/s, respectively. Through numerical simulation, the explosion of CH<sub>4</sub> was reproduced under both closed and venting conditions, and the temperature field resulting from the CH<sub>4</sub> explosion was constructed. This study can provide data reference for optimizing the safety design of fuel power plants and industrial heating equipment and reduce the risk of explosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106216"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the synergistic extinguishing effect of perfluorohexanone-nitrogen 全氟己酮-氮的协同灭火效果研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106215

Kai Wang , Dezheng Wang , Biao Zhou , Xuyao Wang , Tao Chen

{"title":"Study on the synergistic extinguishing effect of perfluorohexanone-nitrogen","authors":"Kai Wang , Dezheng Wang , Biao Zhou , Xuyao Wang , Tao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ratification of the Kigali Amendment has intensified restrictions on traditional halon fire extinguishing agents, creating an urgent need for new clean gaseous extinguishing agents. This study aims to enhance the fire suppression efficiency of perfluorohexanone by investigating its synergistic fire extinguishing effect when compounded with nitrogen. The effects of temperature and compounding ratio on the synergistic interaction between perfluorohexanone and nitrogen were analyzed using ReaxFF-MD. The cup burner test was used to test the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the perfluorohexanone-nitrogen mixture at different air flow rates of 10, 20 and 30 L/min. A multi-scale analysis of the synergistic effect of perfluorohexanone-nitrogen mixture was carried out to explore the mechanism by which nitrogen affects the pyrolysis of perfluorohexanone. The synergistic factor (F) was calculated, indicating that the synergy was positive (F < 1) when the perfluorohexanone concentration was below 40 %. When the concentration exceeded 40 %, negative synergy (F > 1) was observed. A predictive equation for the synergistic factor was developed to identify optimal compounding ratios, suggesting that perfluorohexanone concentrations should be maintained between 2 % and 5 % to maximize extinguishing performance and safety. It provides data support and theoretical guidance for developing gaseous extinguishing agents in the fire protection field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Utilization of distiller's grains for energy conservation and emissions reduction: A comprehensive investigation on pyrolysis kinetics and air-steam gasification performances” [Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 66 (2025) 105747] “利用酒糟节能减排：热解动力学和空气-蒸汽气化性能的综合研究”[案例研究]的勘误表。小卡。工程号66 (2025)105747]

IF 6.8 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106229

Minwei Liu, Peng Wang, Jincan Zeng, Qin Wang, Xi Liu, Guori Huang, Rongfeng Deng, Jianbiao Chen

引用次数: 0

Investigation of particle flow characteristics in internal and external combined heat exchanger 内外联热交换器内颗粒流动特性研究

IF 6.4 2区工程技术

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106206

Yuqiu Zhang , Zehong Gu , Yongqi Liu , Haibo Gao , Yanxia Wang , Peibin Zhang , Zhuanghe Li , Zixian Gong , Ping Zhang

{"title":"Investigation of particle flow characteristics in internal and external combined heat exchanger","authors":"Yuqiu Zhang , Zehong Gu , Yongqi Liu , Haibo Gao , Yanxia Wang , Peibin Zhang , Zhuanghe Li , Zixian Gong , Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of inefficient waste heat recovery from high-temperature solid particles, crucial for energy-intensive industries, an internal and external combined heat exchanger was proposed. This novel design enhances energy efficiency in industries like metallurgy and carbon production, potentially saving significant amounts of standard coal annually. The flow characteristics of particles were studied with a visual experimental platform and equidistant point method. The flow patterns near the top and on both sides of the internal heat exchanger present “W” and “U” shaped symmetrical distribution, respectively. The particle size has a significant impact on flow trajectory and average velocity, but the initial velocity has a negligible effect. The variation range of flow trajectory with a particle size of 11 mm is 5 times that of 1.8 mm. As the particle size increases from 1.8 mm to 11 mm, the average velocity in X-axis direction of the particles increases from 6.1 × 10<sup>−6</sup> m/s to 1.2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m/s. For particle sizes from 1.8 mm to 11 mm, the Y-axis velocity fluctuates within 4.7 × 10<sup>−5</sup> to 6.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m/s, and for initial velocities from 3 × 10<sup>−5</sup> to 7 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m/s, the Y-axis velocity deviates by less than 4.3 %. This work uniquely reveals how particle parameter governs flow dynamics in complex heat exchanger geometries, providing critical insights for optimizing waste heat recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0