Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling spatiotemporal temperature distribution at the skin in contact with hot solid surfaces","authors":"Jinu Sudhakaran, Dongchan Lee, Jung Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105599","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of understanding the complex temperature patterns and variations on skin during contact with hot solid surfaces has grown recently due to its implications for human safety, comfort, and healthcare. We developed a novel method to visualize the distribution of skin contact temperatures (T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">SC</ce:inf>), a task that was previously hindered by concealed contact areas. Thermographic images of heated thin solid plates and regression analyses established between measured temperatures from both sides of the plates were used to reconstruct T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">SC</ce:inf> maps. This approach accommodated plates made of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, copper, and fabric along with porcine skin as a substitute for human skin. Human finger experiments with mildly heated ITO glass were conducted to bridge the gap between laboratory simulations and practical scenarios. Spatiotemporal mapping of T<ce:inf loc=\"post\">SC</ce:inf> unveiled localized hotspots, spatial gradients, and dynamic changes, highlighting the thermal stimulus area as well as the onset, intensity, and duration of pain sensation. The surface temperatures and thermophysical characteristics of both bodies in contact determine these patterns. Fabric's pain onset lagged behind ITO glass and copper. These findings have broad implications from shaping thermal safety protocols to advancing thermal tactile sensing for applications encompassing human–robot interactions, haptics, and electronic skins.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the effects of geometric and fluid parameters on the thermal performance of a double -tube spiral heat exchanger with a conical turbulator","authors":"Seyed Hossein Hashemi Karouei, Walaa Nasser Abbas, Mohammed Ali, Dhuha Radhi Nayyef, Karrar K. Abdul Hussein, Karrar A. Hammoodi, Seyed Saeed Hosseini Azizi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105613","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important principles in heat exchangers is to increase heat transfer and minimize pressure drop. In the present work, a two-tube spiral heat exchanger equipped with a conical turbulator is considered. In the first part of this analysis, the diameter of the inner spiral coil was investigated. In the second part of the study, the effect of the type of working fluid on heat transfer and the hydrodynamic factors of the fluid were investigated. In the first part of the study, the results showed that the highest value of thermal performance was at the lowest Reynolds number and the value of thermal performance at this Reynolds number (Reynolds = 250) was for diameters of 42 mm, 46 mm. and 50 mm was 35, 20 and 30 percent higher than the number 1. In the second part of the study, the results showed that the thermal performance values for <ce:bold>Water/SWCNT_MWCNT</ce:bold>, <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">Water</mml:mi><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">l</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">O</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>_</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">i</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant=\"bold\">O</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"bold\">2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> and pure water were 39 %, 37 % and 35 % higher than 1, respectively, which indicates the great effect of the conical turbulator and nanohybrid fluids in improving heat transfer. This study showed that the use of the innovative conical turbulator significantly improves heat transfer and increases the efficiency of the studied double-tube spiral heat exchanger. Therefore, the use of the conical turbulator has a significant effect on increasing the thermal performance of the intended heat exchanger and the use of this type of turbulator is recommended in the industry.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis and comparison of mechanical subcooling transcritical CO2 refrigeration system with expander and throttling valve","authors":"Zeye Zheng, Qichao Yang, Wenting Zhang, Yuanyang Zhao, Guangbin Liu, Liansheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105625","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical subcooling is an efficient means of enhancing the performance of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> transcritical refrigeration systems. With the aim of further improving the system performance, this objective of this paper is the comparative analysis on mechanical subcooling CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> transcritical refrigeration system integrated with throttling valve (MCVS) and expander (MCES). A thermodynamic model for parametric analysis was developed on energy, exergy and economic perspectives. The model is validated with literature data. The simulation results indicate that there exists simultaneously optimum discharge pressure and subcooling degree maximizes the COP of MCVS and MCES. While the cooling capacity of MCES is 4.30 %–5.67 % lower than that of MCVS at a given CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> mass flow rate, the incorporation of expansion work recovery leads to a total power consumption reduction of 8.53 %–11.29 % for MCES compared to MCVS, resulting in a corresponding increase in COP by 10.01 %–11.11 %. Additionally, exergy efficiency is improved by 10.74 %–11.48 %. Despite the addition of an expander in the MCES system, it offers advantages such as a smaller scale and lower power consumption for the mechanical subcooling system, ultimately leading to superior economic benefits compared with the MCVS system.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the effect of working fluid charge in a −120 °C turbo-refrigerator","authors":"Shujian Song, Xiufang Liu, Ze Zhang, Zhefeng Wang, Shuangtao Chen, Yu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105631","url":null,"abstract":"Most existing studies overlooked the impact of the working fluid charge on turbo-refrigerators for ultralow-temperature applications, especially not on the motor-driven turboexpander-compressor (MTEC) based turbo-refrigerators. This study addresses this gap by conducting an experimental study on a newly developed MTEC-based turbo-refrigerator prototype for ultralow-temperature freezing down to −120 °C. The prototype was tested at charge pressures ranging from 249.3 to 438.1 kPa and at different heat loads and at a maintained input power level. Test results indicate the effect of charge pressure on both compressor and expander efficiencies are negligible, whereas both the MTEC's additional efficiency and recuperator effectiveness exhibit a significant increase with increasing charge pressure. The increase in the recuperator effectiveness mitigates the decline in relative Carnot efficiency accounting for no additional losses with increasing charge pressure. Combined with the increased additional efficiency, this results in the net relative Carnot efficiency being only slightly affected by changes in charge pressure. Nevertheless, a slight peak net Carnot efficiency of 9.8 % corresponding to a test charge pressure of 294.6 kPa was noted for the presented prototype. When heat load levels are considered together, changing charge pressure has a greater effect on the relative Carnot efficiency at lower heat loads.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of supply air inlet structure for impinging jet ventilation system based on radial basis function neural network","authors":"Chen Wang, Ke Hu, Yin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105629","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-objective optimization of the supply air inlet structure for Impinging Jet Ventilation (IJV) was conducted based on the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and using a genetic optimization algorithm. The Predicted Mean Vote at the occupant's ankle level (PMV<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.1</ce:inf>) and the Energy Utilization Coefficient (<ce:italic>E</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">t</ce:inf>) exhibited significant variability across different inlet structures, thus they were selected as optimization objectives. The predicted results showed substantial consistency with numerical simulations. Within the selected parameter range, the optimal PMV<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.1</ce:inf> value was −0.17, and the optimal <ce:italic>E</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">t</ce:inf> value was 3.57. Furthermore, by adjusting the weights of different optimization objectives, suitable structural parameters can be determined. It was also concluded that, for the given indoor ventilation conditions, the length of the supply air inlet structure should be shorter than its width to better enhance the PMV<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.1</ce:inf> value in the areas surrounding occupants.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of combined convective heat transfer using fractal barriers in a circular cavity filled with nanofluid","authors":"Reza Mougouei, Ali B.M. Ali, Omid Ali Akbari, Gholamreza Ahmadi, Soheil Salahshour, Sh Baghaei","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105614","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research, the numerical investigation of the nanofluid flow inside the circular cavity with the presence of fractal barriers has been done using the finite volume method (FVM). This investigation is done for Richardson numbers (<ce:italic>Ri</ce:italic>) = 0.1 to 1, solid nanoparticle volume fraction (<ce:italic>φ</ce:italic>) = 0 to 0.6 and for three shapes of fractal barrier in the two-dimensional (2D) cavity. The results of this research show that the presence of an obstacle with a special shape causes the components of the flow paths, creates weaker vortices in parts of the cavity and finally increases the contact of the fluid with hot surfaces. The behavior of the flow lines in the cavity is affected by two main stimulating factors. The main factor in the movement of the flow is the mobility of the cap (lid-driven), which, as a result, due to the viscosity of the fluid, the layered transfer of movement continues to the lower layers of the fluid. This factor forces the flow field to move. An increase in <ce:italic>Ri</ce:italic> increases the speed of the cap, which will result in better heat penetration and mixing between the fluid layers in different parts of the cavity. If this is accompanied by an increase in the disturbance of the flow due to the presence of obstacles, it will have a greater effect on the uniform temperature distribution. It seems that in addition to the forced convection, the conduction mechanism will also play a significant role in heat distribution. Adding solid nanoparticles in a higher <ce:italic>φ</ce:italic>, this behavior makes the heat distribution uniform to a small extent. Moreover, changing the shape of the fractal barrier will cause changes in fluid circulation behavior and reduce the slope of constant temperature lines. The thermal conductivity of the fluid will also improve through the addition of solid nanoparticles and consequently, the local Nusselt number (<ce:italic>Nu</ce:italic>) increases. Changes in the average Nusselt number at Ri = 0.1 in different volume fractions and for the cases studied can cause an increase in the Nusselt number between 10 and 16 percent. The above behavior for Ri = 1 improves the Nusselt number by less than 13 percent and for Ri = 10 this is less than 4 percent.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal nanofluid selection for photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems in adverse climatic conditions","authors":"Miqdam T. Chaichan, Hussein A. Kazem, Maytham T. Mahdi, Ali H.A. Al-Waeli, Anees A. Khadom, K. Sopian","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105610","url":null,"abstract":"For PV/T systems, nanofluids are used to collect thermal energy and cool the PV panels in order to generate more electricity. To date, researchers have not agreed on a name for the optimal nanofluid for photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) applications, despite extensive experiments on a variety of nanofluids and in various types of heat exchangers. In this practical study, an attempt is made to find a method for selecting the best nanofluid from a large number of these fluids. The various nanoparticles were chosen based on their availability in local markets and subjected to numerous studies including nanofluids. SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, ZnO, TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, CuO, and Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> particles were mixed with water (primary liquid) to form seven coolants. By examining the thermophysical properties of the prepared suspensions (SWCNT, MWCNT, SiC, TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, ZnO, CuO, and Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>), it was found that their densities increased by 0.5 %, 0.8 %, 13.3 %, 1.67 %, 11.03 %, 9.32 %, and 7.32 % compared to water, respectively. Also, the viscosity was increased by 1.83 %, 0.84 %, 11.82 %, 1.14 %, 1.43 %, 1.44 % and 3.92 % compared to water, respectively. As well as their thermal conductivities increased by 103.3 %, 81.6 %, 66.1 %, 36.6 %, 40 %, 21 %, and 27 % compared to water, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofuels spray and combustion characteristics in a new micro gas turbine combustion chamber design with internal exhaust recycling","authors":"Mohammed R. Abdulwahab, Khaled A. Al-attab, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Muhammad Nasir Bashir, Joon Sang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105595","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of atomization and combustion of biodiesel and palm oil were evaluated in this study. A new combustor design with internal exhaust gas recycling (iEGR) and internal fuel pre-evaporation was investigated numerically and then verified experimentally using micro gas turbine (MGT) test rig. CFD evaluation of hydrodynamics flow of 8 iEGR mechanisms geometries showed that simple connection between the exhaust and recycle tube resulted in 0 % gas recycling due to the pressure difference. Low recycling &lt;1 % can be obtained by adding gas guiding channels, while increasing mass recycling from 3 % to 8 % was achieved by adding annular tubes with careful control of differential pressure using pressure relief holes. Experimental cold-fuel-flow spray atomization quality was investigated using high-shutter-speed camera. Increasing palm oil flow from 60 ml/min to 120 ml/min significantly increased the spray angle from 1.8° to 21° while average droplet diameter reduced from 665 μm to 148 μm. Minimum CO emissions in the range of 132–135 ppm for diesel and biodiesel were achieved due to their better atomization compared to palm oil which resulted in slightly higher value of 207 ppm. The opposite effect was observed for NOx emissions where it elevated at the higher combustion temperature, where all the fuels showed comparable values in the range of 32–39 ppm. On the other hand, diesel suffered from its higher TIT value that reached 800 °C, compared to 785 °C and 762 °C for palm oil and biodiesel, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and economic viability of a hybrid solar/gas pasteurization system for developing countries","authors":"Oumaima Guizani, Nabiha Naili, Bourhan Tashtoush, Sami Kooli","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105611","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims at developing a hybrid solar/gas pasteurization system by integrating a regenerator that utilizes high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization techniques. Solar pasteurization facilitates localized milk processing, thereby reducing milk loss during transit. This system consists of a solar heating loop, a pasteurization loop, and a solar cooling loop utilizing an absorption chiller (heat pump). An extensive experimental study is conducted to assess the energy and exergy efficiency of system. A parametric analysis and numerical model utilizing TRNSYS software are conducted to determine the dimensions of the solar heating and cooling loops, as well as to evaluate heat transfer within the pasteurizer and the energy performance. An economic analysis is conducted to enhance the profitability of the hybrid solar/gas pasteurization system. The findings indicate that the regeneration rate for heating and cooling is 76 %. The heat loss in the pasteurizer is approximated at 2 % of the total energy utilized for heating or cooling. The actual specific heat requirement for milk pasteurization is estimated at 53 kJ/kg. Concentrating parabolic and evacuated tubes yield optimal efficiency with collector fields of 36 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> and 25 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, respectively. The payback period for the solar cooling system is approximately 6.3 years, while that for the electric compressor chiller is about 2 years. The results indicate that the hybrid solar/gas pasteurization system is both feasible and economically viable.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the separation mechanism of icing adhesion and fracture on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy","authors":"Jing Cui, Dezheng Jiang, Zhiwei Xing, Guangfeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105620","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomena of icing and frost pose a significant threat to aviation safety. Understanding the adhesion mechanisms of surface ice and the fracture and separation mechanisms of ice accretion is fundamental to de-icing operations and the design of surfaces with anti-icing functionalities. While the toughness and fracture mechanisms of ice accretion have been extensively studied, there is a lack of research focusing on the stress- and toughness-driven fracture and separation mechanisms at the ice-substrate interface. This study combines experimental research, numerical simulations, and mechanistic analysis to investigate the interfacial fracture mechanism during the tensile separation of cylindrical ice accretions on aluminum alloy surfaces. Experimental results reveal that surface roughness is directly proportional to adhesion strength, while adhesion strength is inversely proportional to the contact area under the same roughness. A cohesive zone model (CZM) is employed to analyze the micro-scale stress and deformation of ice fracture. By integrating experimental data with numerical simulations, the influence mechanisms of surface roughness and contact area on ice adhesion strength are elucidated.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}