Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A hybrid Eulerian-Largrangian multiphase-thermal flow simulation of evaporative spray cooling in LNG cargo tanks","authors":"Gyu-Mok Jeon,&nbsp;Jong-Chun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safe loading of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) into Cargo Containment Systems (CCS) requires an efficient precooling process to prevent thermal shock. This study develops a hybrid Eulerian-Largrangian multiphase-thermal model to simulate the LNG spray cooling process within membrane-type CCS. Using STAR-CCM+ 16.04, a comprehensive simulation framework was built to capture the complex dynamics of LNG droplet vaporization and heat transfer, incorporating detailed drag and vaporization models. Optimization tests on particle-grid sizes and solver configurations resulted in a 25 % improvement in computational efficiency, making the model scalable for large-scale simulations. The model's accuracy was validated against real-world operational data from an LNG carrier, demonstrating strong agreement in temperature variations over a 1-h cooling process. The simulation reveals key insights into the temperature distribution, fluid dynamics and thermal response of the insulation system, offering practical guidance for optimizing LNG spray operations. This study provides a significant contribution to improving the efficiency and safety of LNG storage and transport systems, with the potential to reduce cooling time and energy consumption in real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance assessments of cascade refrigeration system with expander boosted subcooling","authors":"Önder Kaşka ,&nbsp;Nehir Tokgoz","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study involves the application of an expander-boosted subcooling refrigeration system to improve the performance of the cascade refrigeration cycles. While previous research has focused on the role of internal heat exchangers, economizers, and ejectors, this work delves deeper into the potential of subcooling to significantly boost system efficiency. In recent years, mechanical subcooling has gained attention as a key strategy in the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors. The study proposes three system configurations: a booster in both the high- and low-temperature stages (2SB), a booster in the high-temperature stage only (HSB), and a booster in the low-temperature stage only (LSB).Performance comparisons were made between R290/R170, R717/R170, and R161/R41 refrigerant pairs, targeting both low- and ultra-low-temperature refrigeration applications. Optimum intermediate and dimensionless temperature values were identified for each refrigerant pair across varying evaporator conditions. Detailed analyses revealed that natural R290/R170 and R161/R41 offers superior COP at evaporator temperatures below −35 °C, while the performance gains were significant across all temperatures. Among the configurations, 2SB outperformed the others, with performance enhancement rates increasing as evaporator temperatures decreased. Among the refrigerant pairs analyzed in this study, R161/R41, R161/R170, and R290/R170 have demonstrated the highest performance for low-temperature and ultra-low-temperature cooling applications, respectively. The study demonstrated performance improvements of up to 20 % at low evaporator temperatures, underscoring the potential of this approach to revolutionize refrigeration efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing thermal performance of evacuated tube solar collectors with cascaded phase change materials","authors":"Sana Said ,&nbsp;Sofiene Mellouli ,&nbsp;Talal Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Salem Algarni ,&nbsp;Ridha Ajjel ,&nbsp;Badr M. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the performance of an Evacuated Tube Solar Collector (ETSC) featuring cascaded Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Numerical simulations are employed to conduct a comparative analysis of two new design configurations of the ETSC that utilize cascaded PCMs. Configuration 1 is an ETSC with stacked PCM rings, while Configuration 2 is an ETSC with surrounding PCM layers. Five different PCMs are evaluated to identify the best combination of cascaded PCMs for the ETSC. The impact of the cascaded PCMs' frequency and arrangement on the system's thermal efficiency is examined. A comparative analysis of cascaded configurations and single PCM cases in ETSCs is conducted. The findings suggest that PCM 3 (Rubitherm RT50) is the most suitable option for a standard ETSC utilizing a single PCM, achieving a maximum efficiency of 34.74 %. The optimal arrangement for Configuration 1, featuring three stacked PCM rings, achieves the highest overall efficiency of 36.73 % and an Energy Enhancement Ratio (EER) of 1.74 % compared to a standard ETSC. In contrast, the optimal arrangement for Configuration 2, which incorporates two surrounding PCM layers, reaches a maximum efficiency of 36.64 %. These results underscore the importance of PCM selection and arrangement in optimizing the performance of an ETSC that utilizes cascaded PCMs for improved energy storage and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring nano-enhanced phase change material emulsions for efficient thermal energy storage: A thermophysical investigation","authors":"Veerakumar Chinnasamy ,&nbsp;Minjung Lee ,&nbsp;Deukwoon Lee ,&nbsp;Honghyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy storage (TES) is a key technology in the pursuit of cleaner energy production that enables the more efficient use of renewable energy sources and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. Phase change material emulsions (PCMEs) are studied as TES and transportation mediums. A stable PCME with n-hexadecane (HXD) as a dispersed phase and deionized water as base fluid was successfully fabricated using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNT) were incorporated into the emulsion as an additive to reduce supercooling and enhance thermal conductivity (TC). The prepared emulsions were analyzed in terms of droplet size distribution, phase change properties, stability, TC, and viscosity. The surfactant significantly improved the PCME stability and prevented phase separation. The average droplet size and zeta potential for PCME without nano additive were 166.9–202.2 nm and −67.56 mV, respectively, whereas for PCME with F-MWCNT, 183.41–188.73 nm and −49.53 mV, respectively. The latent heat increased as the concentration of the dispersed phase PCM was higher. The underlying mechanism for the TC enhancement of 22.9 % with the addition of F-MWCNT was investigated. The findings suggest that the developed PCME with F-MWCNT is a promising candidate for TES applications, offering efficient energy management and enhanced thermal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research in material distribution based on topology optimization in variable section segmented thermoelectric generators","authors":"Qiuchen Fu ,&nbsp;Yemao Wang ,&nbsp;Liyao Xie ,&nbsp;Yulong Zhao ,&nbsp;Barkat Ali Bhayo","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the material distribution of non-uniform cross-sectional segmented thermoelectric generators (STEG). Based on topology optimization methods, the material is reasonably allocated to enhance the output power and conversion efficiency of the STEG. The study selects X-shaped thermoelectric legs as the research subject. Topology optimized structures are obtained by maximizing output power and conversion efficiency as the objective functions, and performance comparison studies are conducted against structures with different material distributions. The study reveals that under different boundary conditions, the topology optimized structures can adapt to the temperature distribution of thermoelectric legs, showing a phenomenon where the interface protrudes toward the side with the larger cross-sectional area. Under various boundary conditions, the output power and conversion efficiency of the topology optimized structures with different objective functions outperform those of the comparison structures. Specifically, under constant temperature boundary conditions, the output power and conversion efficiency of the topology optimized structures can be improved by up to 19.3 % and 24.1 %, respectively. This study maximizes the thermoelectric performance of two thermoelectric materials by optimally distributing them, thus improving the thermoelectric performance of the TEG and providing guidance for the design of variable cross-sectional STEG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of conjugate free convection heat transfer of NEPCM/Al2O3-kerosene non-Newtonian hybrid nanoliquid between a double-pipe space","authors":"Mohamed Bouzidi ,&nbsp;Hakim S. Sultan Aljibori ,&nbsp;Zehba Raizah ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hasan Ali ,&nbsp;Taoufik Saidani ,&nbsp;Faisal Alresheedi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Elhassanein ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Sabour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghalambaz","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study addresses the assessment of heat and mass transfer of NEPCM/Al2O3- Kerosene hybrid nanofluid inside a double pipes space as a part of a heat exchanger. The mentioned synthesis can reflect Newtonian or non-Newtonian properties following the well-known Carreau model. After finding the governing equations including fluid flow continuity, momentum components, and thermal in the fluid and the solid parts, they have been turned into their non-dimensional form. Next, the equations were formulated based on Galerkin finite element method. The results have been configured in the forms of curves, contours, and streamlines. The Nusselt number has a determinative role in the current study as well. The findings express that the non-Newtonian hybrid nanoliquid by shear thinning property takes the lead in Nusselt number, about 42 % against the Newtonian synthesis. Instead, a deterioration in the heat transfer rate by 9 % against the Newtonian fluid is obtained via shear thickening hybrid nanoliquid. Increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction (NEPCM and Al₂O₃), has the greatest effect on the shear-thickening hybrid nanoliquid, enhancing it by 13.5 %. In contrast, the shear-thinning hybrid nanoliquid shows only a 7.5 % improvement, demonstrating the lowest sensitivity to the added nanoparticles when compared to the Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement mechanisms and optimization of multi-pass parallel flow condensers with liquid-vapor separation","authors":"Jin Huan Pu ,&nbsp;Nan Hua ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Jian ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Yongliang Li ,&nbsp;Tong Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a distributed-parameter model developed by the authors to investigate the mechanisms of condensation heat transfer enhancement using liquid-vapor separation (LS) in multi-pass parallel flow condensers (MPFCs). Additionally, tube pass arrangements for MPFCs with LS were optimized. Simulations characterized relationships among refrigerant flow rate, vapor quality, flow patterns, heat-transfer coefficient and pressure drop at tube level, along with heat-transfer coefficient and tube-wall temperature distributions at the segment level. An entropy analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics quantified contributions from heat transfer and pressure drop. The results demonstrate that introducing LS leads to (1) a 9.1 % increase in the average heat-transfer coefficient, (2) a 50.4 % reduction in pressure drop, (3) similar entropy generation numbers due to heat transfer for both MPFC and MPFC-LS, (4) significantly higher entropy generation numbers due to pressure drop in the last two tube passes, and (5) a 51.4 % lower average entropy generation number for MPFC-LS compared to MPFC. Compared to a baseline serpentine condenser, MPFCs-LS reduced pressure drop by 84 %–98 % while maintaining nearly the same heat transfer rate, resulting in an overall performance improvement of 5 %–9 %. The optimal tube-pass arrangement for MPFCs-LS was identified as 3-3-2-2-2-2-2-1-1-1-1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing electric field to porous fins for analyzing maximum energy transport and minimum entropy generation: Accurateness analysis","authors":"Balaram Kundu ,&nbsp;Se-Jin Yook","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presented analysis includes the electric and magnetic fields for energy transfer, unlike previous studies that only focussed on the magnetic field. The irreversibility aspects are highlighted in porous fins to evaluate entropy generation. Predicted results highlight that individual external electric and magnetic fields have a significant potential to enhance the thermal performance parameters of a porous fin. At this design point, the porosity also plays a vital role in the same purpose, and the improvement of design aspects is noticed compared to the solid fin. The proposed optimization process in the first law maximizes the energy transfer, whereas it diminishes the entropy generation in the second law under a constraint material volume. But, the irreversible diffusion energy transfer in a porous fin has significantly dominated the factors associated with the energy transfer enhancement. Therefore, this study predicts that the entropy generation has not the lowest value at the maximum energy transport circumstance analyzed by both the first and second laws. This study demonstrates that the possibilities of incrementing maximum heat transfer and fin effectiveness are 129.84 % and 193.46 %, respectively. However, there is no significant change in the fin efficiency at the extremum heat transfer conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of double-effect absorption refrigeration systems using hydrofluoroolefin refrigerants and ionic liquid absorbents","authors":"Yonggyun Lee ,&nbsp;Chanho Chu ,&nbsp;Taeyoung Beom ,&nbsp;Sangwon Kim ,&nbsp;Jungtae Kim ,&nbsp;Dong Kyu Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the feasibility of double-effect absorption refrigeration systems (DEARS) using hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants and ionic liquid (IL) absorbents as working fluid pairs. Enthalpy and vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) correlation equations were developed to facilitate thermodynamic modeling and system analysis. Among the examined pairs, R1234ze(Z) + [BMIM][SCN] and R1336mzz(Z) + [OMIM][BF4] were identified as promising candidates due to their significant concentration differences between weak and strong solutions (0.0998 and 0.0565, respectively). Performance evaluations demonstrated high coefficients of performance (COP), reaching 1.24 for R1234ze(Z) + [BMIM][SCN] and 1.46 for R1336mzz(Z) + [OMIM][BF4]. Further analysis of COP variations under different operating conditions reveals that both working fluid pairs exhibit performance improvements with increasing generator temperatures. The absorber temperatures significantly influenced system efficiency, where lower temperatures enhanced refrigerant separation and improved COP. Similarly, increasing the evaporator temperature improved COP by raising the saturation pressure, which enhanced refrigerant separation in the generator and overall system performance. These findings expanded the selection of environmentally friendly refrigerants for DEARS by incorporating ILs, contributing to the sustainable development of absorption refrigeration systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and statistical analysis of CRDI diesel engine powered with carbon black infused nano dairy scum biodiesel blends","authors":"Susheel kumar Bijapure ,&nbsp;Basavaraj Shrigiri ,&nbsp;N.R. Banapurmath ,&nbsp;T.M. Yunus Khan ,&nbsp;Ashok M. Sajjan ,&nbsp;V.N. Gaitonde ,&nbsp;C. Ahamed Saleel","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explains the experimental and statistical analysis of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with dairy scum oil biodiesel blend (DSOBD B20) which can effectively substitute 20 % of petroleum diesel fuel and avoid massive external foreign exchange enabling fuel saving besides providing energy security to India. This work addresses the SDG 7 by ensuring affordable, reliable and sustainable energy supply for automotive traction besides addressing SDG 13 towards ill effects of climate change and its impacts on environmental pollution as the biodiesel fuels selected are renewable in nature. Accordingly dairy scum oil is transformed into its biodiesel and is mixed with diesel to make its DSOBD B20 blend. DSOBD B20 blend characteristics are modified with infusion of nanoparticles of carbon black (CB). Percentage of CB is varied from 40 % to 120 % by volume insteps of 20 % using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant to produce respective nano-biodiesel blends. Homogeneity of nano-biodiesel blends are evaluated using zeta potential study. CB Nanoparticles in excess of 100 % resulted into agglomeration lowering homogeneity confirmed by inferior zeta potential values. Distribution of higher quantity of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid media is still posing challenges and need further research. Physio-chemical properties of DSOBD B20 and their nano-biodiesel combinations are compared with diesel. Among the nano-biodiesel blends tested, DSOBD B20 CB100 nano-biodiesel blend fuelled CRDI engine exhibited lower smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and higher nitric oxide NOx and improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to DSOBD B20 at full load. Combustion characteristics of CRDI engine powered with DSOBD B20 CB100 showed lower ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD) and higher peak pressure (PP) and heat release rate HRR as the blend enhanced combustion process compared to DSOBD B20. Response surface methodology (RSM) based nonlinear predictions established reasonable relation between input parameters and proposed attributes with engine output attributes at 95 % confidence interval. RSM analysis predicted optimized CRDI engine performance when powered with DSOBD B20 CB100 blend and for engine parameters of injection timing (IT) 15^oBTDC, injection pressure (IP) 1000 bar, toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) and 8 hole injector with 0.2 mm hole diameter. RSM predicted results were in good agreement with experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 106115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}