Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Temperature control and energy-saving efficiency evaluation of low-energy warm-mix asphalt mixtures with composite additives","authors":"Haitao Zhang, Yongjie Sui, Mingyang Gong, Xusen Li, Hongzhi Zhu, Yancheng Liu, Junfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105604","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional warm-mix asphalt (WMA) faces challenges in reducing mixing temperatures to achieve lower energy consumption. To address this challenge and meet global environmental goals, this study designs various composite warm-mix additives using commonly used additives and their optimal dosages. The viscosity reduction mechanisms of asphalt and asphalt mixtures are examined using viscosity–temperature and air voids-temperature curves. Regression equations for viscosity and voids as a function of temperature are developed to determine the optimal mixing temperature of WMA. The study integrates thermodynamic equilibrium equations with field data to quantify the energy consumption in producing composite WMA mixtures. The results reveal that WMA significantly reduces mixing temperatures, making it suitable for low-energy asphalt mixtures. The use of various composite additives enhances the mechanical properties of asphalt pavements. Optimal mixing temperatures are set as 60–100 °C for WMA in warm-paving applications, and 20–60 °C for WMA in cold-paving applications. Viscosity ranges from 0.17 to 0.28 Pa s, with air voids varying from 6% to 7% for WMA in warm-paving applications and 8%–9% for WMA in cold-paving applications. Controlling the mixing temperature improves energy-saving efficiency, achieving reductions from 47.1 % to 97.6 %. The study recommends the use of WMA (Sasobit/Evotherm/DAT) for warm-paving applications and WMA (Sasobit/Diesel oil) for cold-paving applications. This study provides valuable insights for developing energy-efficient and high-performance asphalt pavements.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic heat transfer mechanisms of internal thermal mass: Effects of thermal conductivity and diffusivity under varied temperature conditions","authors":"Ru Yang, Liting Yuan, Dong Zhang, Taiquan Wu, Yihang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105600","url":null,"abstract":"The appropriate use of internal thermal mass in buildings can reduce energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort. A prerequisite for selecting suitable internal thermal mass is to establish its relationship with indoor air temperature and heat exchange. However, there is currently a lack of analytical models to describe this relationship. This study investigates the dynamic heat transfer performance of internal thermal mass under constant indoor air temperature, exponentially declining temperatures, and sinusoidal heating and cooling conditions. The results show that under constant indoor air temperature, materials with lower thermal conductivity (e.g., plywood with 0.17 W/m·°C) generate more thermal waves and experience faster surface temperature rises compared to materials with higher conductivity (e.g., reinforced concrete with 1.74 W/m·°C). In the case of exponentially declining indoor air temperature, heat exchange per unit area decreases with increasing thickness, with plywood (0.02 m) reaching its peak temperature at 6360 s, and reinforced concrete (0.2 m) at 9900 s. For sinusoidal temperature variations, the decrement factor for plywood and reinforced concrete decreases from 0.90 to 0.59 as thickness increases from 0.02 m to 0.06 m, while the time lag increases from 1.45 h to 3.16 h. The heat exchange is primarily related to the effective thermal capacity per unit area and the storage coefficient, which are determined by the physical properties of the internal thermal mass. These findings provide a quantitative basis for estimating the impact of internal thermal mass on indoor air temperature and heat exchange in the early stages of building design.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on thermohydraulic performance of the petal-type vortex generator inserted tube heat exchanger","authors":"Liu Jie, Qian Zuoqin, Yin Yemao, Wang Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105592","url":null,"abstract":"The petal-type vortex generator inserted tube was proposed in this paper to explore higher heat transfer performance. The k-ω model was selected and a good agreement can be obtained. Basically, the influences of the interval distance <ce:italic>t</ce:italic>, the angle <ce:italic>α</ce:italic> and the pitch <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> were meticulously examined within a Reynolds number spectrum ranging from 5000 to 15,000. The analysis of the internal flow dynamics revealed that the petal-type vortex generator effectively transformed the longitudinal velocity of the fluid into radial velocity, leading to the formation of vortices within the tube. The petal-shaped vortex generators led a portion of the fluid toward the tube surface, facilitating boundary layer weakening and redevelopment near the wall, while also allowing another portion of the fluid to pass through the slits, which enhanced the generation of vortices and significantly improved heat transfer performance. The numerical results indicated that the tube equipped with petal-type vortex generator insert achieved a 196–347 % increase in the Nusselt number (<ce:italic>Nu</ce:italic>) and a 244–1149 % increase in the friction factor (<ce:italic>f)</ce:italic>, relative to a smooth tube. The maximum performance evaluation criterion (PEC) obtained in this study reached 2.01.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering insights into heater design for oxygen reduction in CZ silicon growth","authors":"Amir Reza Ansari Dezfoli","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105596","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen impurity is unavoidable during the Czochralski (CZ) growth of single silicon crystals. Currently, there are costly methods to control oxygen levels in the final silicon crystal, such as using magnets or high-quality crucibles. This paper proposes a special heater design to decrease and control oxygen concentration during the CZ process without incurring additional costs. Four distinct heater designs are analyzed for their impact on various parameters. The temperature profiles within the heaters, CZ puller, and silicon melt and crystal are studied. The research shows that heater design significantly influences temperature distributions and melt patterns, affecting oxygen distribution and its transport mechanisms. If more heat is supplied at the upper section of the crucible, oxygen solvation near the melt-free surface increases, and oxygen atoms are more likely to evaporate from the melt surface. Furthermore, shifting the high temperature to the crucible's top side wall strengthens buoyancy-thermocapillary vortices while weakening Taylor-Proudman vortices. This helps transport oxygen to the melt-free surface before it reaches the melt-crystal interface. With the optimal heater design, an oxygen reduction of 6 Ppma (parts per million atoms) was achieved by simply altering the heater design configuration.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and solutal performance analysis featuring fully developed chemically reacting micro-rotational convective flow in an open-ended vertical channel","authors":"G.T. Gitte, Shreedevi Kalyan, H. Saraswathi, Vinod Kulkarni, Mohammed Jameel, Jagadish V. Tawade, Nitiraj Kulkarni, Barno Abdullaeva, Refka Ghodhbani, M. Waqas","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105603","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of a baffle and chemical reaction (first-order) on liquid flow in an upright double-passage channel were studied using regular perturbation analysis. Each of the two streams has its pressure gradient, temperature and velocity, and the channel is partitioned into two channels by a thin baffle that is fully conductive and flat in shape. The coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved using appropriate boundary constraints. The analytical results are plotted for various important parameters and exhibited graphically relevant to the flow field at all baffles. Results reveal that the enhancement in the small perturbation parameter upsurges the temperature in both regions. The velocity, thermal and micro rotational fields increase with the increase in thermal and mass Grashof number. Here, an upsurge in Grashof numbers increases the buoyancy force, resulting in an upsurge in the velocity, temperature, and micro rotational fields. The micro rotational velocity falls in area I but increases in region II at various baffle positions as the ratio of Grashof number to Reynolds number rises. Results obtained for few more parameters such as material parameter suppress the flow because of microporous property and brinkman number which is considered as perturbation parameter it enhances the flow which is helps a lot for practical situations in engineering field. Analytical and numerical results hold good with each other in this work.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of staggered truncated ribs on thermal-hydraulic performance and entropy generation of microchannel heat sinks","authors":"Dongkai Wang, Lirui Xue, Chang Liu, Haitao Chen, Changquan Xia, Qinyu Qian, Liwen Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105597","url":null,"abstract":"A microchannel with staggered truncated ribs (MC-STR) is presented. The effects of rib height ratio (<ce:italic>α</ce:italic>) and rib width ratio (<ce:italic>β</ce:italic>) on the thermal-hydraulic performance and entropy generation are investigated by numerical simulation at the Reynolds numbers (<ce:italic>Re</ce:italic>) range of 223–593. Initially, to compare the MC-STR of different <ce:italic>α</ce:italic> configurations, the traditional ribbed microchannel (MC-TR) and the smooth microchannel (MC-S) are also numerically analyzed. Subsequent analysis further investigates the effect of <ce:italic>β</ce:italic> on convective heat transfer in MC-STR. The results indicate that MC-STR significantly enhances the heat transfer and reduces the heated wall temperature. Increasing <ce:italic>α</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>β</ce:italic> results in higher Nusselt number (<ce:italic>Nu</ce:italic>) and friction coefficient (<ce:italic>f</ce:italic>). Compared to MC-TR, MC-STR effectively reduces pressure drop losses and exhibits higher <ce:italic>Nu</ce:italic> at <ce:italic>α</ce:italic> = 0.75 and <ce:italic>α</ce:italic> = 0.5 for most <ce:italic>Re</ce:italic>. Overall, the highest comprehensive thermal performance factor (<ce:italic>PEC</ce:italic>) of 1.355 for MC-STR (<ce:italic>α</ce:italic> = 0.5, <ce:italic>β</ce:italic> = 0.3) is attained at <ce:italic>Re</ce:italic> = 593. Furthermore, the augmentation entropy generation number (<ce:italic>N</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">s,a</ce:inf>) of MC-STR (<ce:italic>α</ce:italic> = 0.75, <ce:italic>β</ce:italic> = 0.3) reaches the lowest value of 0.422 for <ce:italic>Re</ce:italic> = 593.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of channel-land configuration on temperature-driven water transport in cathode gas diffusion layer of PEMFC","authors":"Yiming Xu, Yun Zhang, Jieqing Zheng, Zhifeng Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105601","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of the channel-land configuration (CLC) on the temperature-driven (TD) flow have been seldom examined. In this work, a 2-D, non-isothermal, two-phase model incorporating an agglomerate sub-model is established, considering the compression effect and gas diffusion layer (GDL) anisotropy. Results show that the TD flow flux of the through-plane (TP) direction, <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, is much higher than that of the in-plane direction (<mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) by an order of magnitude. The TD flow is mainly one-dimensional along the TP direction. There are significant differences in the TD flow between the channel and land region. Besides, <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> at the junction of the land region and channel region shows step changes due to the compression effect. After the current loading, the output voltage experiences an undershoot and then undergoes a slow rising and gradual falling process until remaining stable. It is found that the membrane water directly affects the dynamic behaviors of the output voltage. Increasing the inlet relative humidity helps to improve the dynamic response characteristic. <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> also reveals an increasing trend with time after current step loading, contributing to the transition from membrane water to water vapor. This work aims to provide valuable references for better CLC design and satisfactory water management.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Arrhenius activation energy and thermal radiation on MHD double-diffusive convection of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical annulus with discrete heating","authors":"Shilpa B, V. Leela, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Sarfaraz Kamangar, P. Ganesan, Abdul Azeem Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105593","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this article is to examine the effect of discrete heating on MHD double-diffusive convection and thermal radiation of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow heat and mass transfer in a vertical cylindrical annulus along with Arrhenius activation energy and chemical reaction. In this study, the cavity inner wall has two distinct flush-mounted heat sources, while the outer wall is isothermally cooled at a lower temperature. The top and bottom walls are thermally insulated. The ensuing equations that govern the physical framework are solved using the implicit Crank-Nicholson finite difference technique. As the heater advances upward, the flow intensity decreases, leaving a part of the fluid static at the bottom of the cylinder. Because more heat induces high buoyant flow in the annulus, the absolute value of axial velocity and wall temperature rises as the length of the heat source rises. Enhancing the values of activation energy parameter drops the Arrhenius energy function, elevating the pace of the generative chemical process and hence the concentration. Increasing the thermal radiation parameter lowers the surface heat flux while enhancing the nanofluid temperature. The Brownian motion parameter corresponds to the random motion of nanoparticles in a fluid, and this irregular movement augments the collision of nanoparticles with fluid particles, causing the particle's kinetic energy which leads to thermal energy and hence increases temperature. Also, the heat and mass transfer characteristics are forecasted and analyzed by considering the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagating artificial neural network technique.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal enhancement using variable characteristics and tripartite diffusion features of solar aircraft wings in context of Reiner-Philippoff hybrid nanofluid passing through a parabolic trough solar collector","authors":"Esraa N. Thabet, A.M. Abd-Alla, S.M.M. El-Kabeir","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105553","url":null,"abstract":"The application of solar energy in manufacturing processes and thermal power has changed dramatically. This time, the analysis of solar radiation and the possible combination of solar radiation and nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of solar-powered aircraft becomes a significant area of research. Solar-thermal applications often use parabolic trough solar collectors to achieve high temperatures. This is a theoretical study that discuss the effects of hybrid nano-solid particles on the parabolic trough surface collector which is located inside the solar aircraft wings. For this investigation, the non-Newtonian Reiner-Philippoff model; a renowned and cutting-edge type of thermally efficient fluid as well as the stability triple diffusive boundary layer natural convective flow contained in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium have been taken into consideration. To verify the thermophysical behavior of the suggested model, unique hybrid nanoparticles copper along with zirconium dioxide with engine oil as base fluid (Cu + ZrO<mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>/EO) has been added to the solar aircraft wings to improve the heat transfer performance. Scientists are currently investigating how to use solar radiation and nanotechnology to increase aircraft manufacturing. To investigate the phenomenon of heat transfer rate, a hybrid nanofluid stream is traveling in the direction of a parabolic-shaped trough found inside solar airplane wings. Solar thermal radiation was the term used to describe the heat transfer process. Heat source/sink phenomena, various slip boundary conditions, thermal radiative, chemical reaction, variable thermal conductivity, and variable molecular diffusivity are some of the special characteristics that are taken into account while assessing the heat transfer efficiency of airplane wings. With the utilization of the appropriate similarity transformations, partial differential equations that represent the mathematical model can be simplified to ordinary differential equations. To address the obtained dimensionless ordinary deferential equations, Lobatto IIIA numerical technique was employed via Matlab software. By comparing the obtained results with the current literature, the credibility of the numerical results is ascertained. It is found that the elevation of thermal radiation enhances the functionality of aircraft wings that are exposed to heat transfer. Moreover, the rate of heat transfer is enhanced by positive variations in heat source and thermal conductivity effects.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of turbulent penetrative Rayleigh-Bénard flow of water near 4 °C in a box-shaped container","authors":"Xiao-Jie Huang, Guang-Yong Gao, You-Rong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.105594","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the reversal process of the large-scale circulation will facilitate system recognition of turbulent penetrative Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The present work describes experimental and numerical investigations on the Rayleigh-Bénard flow of water near 4 °C in a box-shaped container. The results indicate that the revised Nusselt number is slightly higher than average Nusselt number with adiabatic assumption. The Nusselt numbers from the simulations show good agreement with the experiment values. Large-scale circulation reversal becomes less likely with the increasing Rayleigh number and density inversion parameter. Reversal is not observed at large density inversion parameters and Rayleigh numbers. Large vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations at the center point are found during the reversal process. However, the Nusselt number is slightly affected by the occurrence of the reversal.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}