Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Multi-load knock detection of a marine micro-ignition diesel (DI) -natural gas (PFI) dual-fuel engine based on in-cylinder pressure signals","authors":"Nao Hu ,&nbsp;Fuze Liu ,&nbsp;Jianguo Yang ,&nbsp;Xianquan Zheng ,&nbsp;Liangtao Xie ,&nbsp;Hongmei Li ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;He Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new knock definition was proposed to satisfy the unified knock detection under various engine loads based on in-cylinder pressure signals. Knock indices such as maximum amplitude pressure oscillation (MAPO), maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR), peak pressure (P_max), arithmetic mean, standard deviation and so on were investigated.</div><div>The standard deviation and arithmetic mean were found to have a high correlation with MAPO. However, these knock indicators cannot use a fixed value to meet the requirements of knock detection under different engine loads. Time-frequency analysis was conducted to investigate the knock characteristics under various engine loads. There is a significant increase in the energy of 8–12 kHz frequency domain when knock occurs, which may use for effective knock detection. Further analysis of the cylinder pressure signal by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) revealed that the energy proportion of the 8–12 kHz energy segment in the D2 sub-band can well distinguish the knock phenomenon under different engine loads. Therefore, a new definition <em>P</em>_<em>n</em> which clearly distinguishes the knock cycles from normal cycles regardless of engine loads was proposed and validated by comparing it to the MAPO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105918"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy transport in MHD Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow over inclined stretching porous sheet with effects of chemical reaction, solar radiation and porous medium","authors":"Mdi Begum Jeelani ,&nbsp;Amir Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel type of model of hybrid nanofluid attracted a lot of the attention of researchers due to wide-ranging physical applications in the energy producing, industrial and engineering fields. These fluids have enormous thermal performance compared to simple fluids and nanofluid engineering by the suspension of a single type of nanoparticles. Therefore, the current study is concerned with examining the heat and mass transfer process via hybrid nanofluid using non-Newtonian Maxwell liquid. The hybrid nanofluid fluid is engineered by the suspension of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>-<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> in Ethylene Glycol. The flow is induced due to linear porous stretching inclined plate fixed at angle <span><math><mrow><mi>ζ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>π</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span>. The flow geometry is porous and is embedded in a porous medium. The magnetohydrodynamic and suction effects are incorporated. The solar rays are included in the energy equation for heat transfer improvement. The shape of nanoparticles is taken as cylindrical form. The coupled equations are solved by bvp4c solver. The velocity field decreases for increasing magnetic field parameter, Maxwell fluid parameter, volume fractions of nanoparticles, and porosity parameter, but increases for increasing suction parameter. The temperature decreases against increasing values of magnetic field force, and suction parameter, but get rises for growing values of radiation parameter, and volume fractions. The concentration profile increases for increasing magnitudes of magnetic field parameters, porosity parameters, and volume fractions, but decreases for increasing chemical reaction parameter, and suction parameter. It has been noted that the purpose of the inclusion of thermal radiation is to enhance the temperature that is serving the purpose in the current work. The addition of Lorentz force is slow down the speed of the fluid to rise the boundary layer thickness which is visible in the current study. The increase in volume fraction of the nanoparticles is used to enhance the thermal performance of the hybrid nanofluid, which is evident in the current results. The current results are validated with the help comparison between current and previously published.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105915"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing gasification in downdraft fixed-bed gasifier through experimental and kinetic modeling","authors":"Hamado Ouedraogo,&nbsp;Sayon dit Sadio Sidibe,&nbsp;Yohan Richardson,&nbsp;Laetitia Zoungrana","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gasification is an effective way of converting biomass into electricity. However, determining optimal conditions to reach higher temperature gradients and ensure thermal stability of the reactors for syngas production is challenging. This paper presents a hybrid static and dynamic model for optimizing fixed-bed biomass gasification using experimental data. A reduction-model has been developed and simulated using MATLAB to optimize the reduction process, which involves the most important reactions in syngas production. The analytical results show significant improvements, with the volume fractions of CO increasing from the initial value of 15.10 % to the simulated value of 30.77 % between 650 °C and 1000 °C, and H₂ rising from 7.39 % to 18.76 % at the same temperatures. Thus, the increase in temperature leads to a slight increase in the volume fraction of CH₄ from its initial value of 3.16 % to the maximum simulated value of 4.33 %. Cold gas efficiency (CGE) rises from the initial value 36.60 % to the calculated value of 71.53 % and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) increases from 62.37 % to 97.99 % between 650 °C and 1000 °C. The reduction kinetic model identified an optimum 1000 °C initial reduction-zone temperature and 0.3m minimum reduction-zone depth. This model is applicable for determining optimal operational parameters in fixed-bed gasification process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced understanding of peristaltic flow in a uniform channel with Hall current and Joule heating: A study on the effects of a mixed convective Jeffrey fluid","authors":"Hanumesh Vaidya ,&nbsp;D. Tripathi ,&nbsp;Salah Saadaoui ,&nbsp;C. Rajashekhar ,&nbsp;Maimona Rafiq ,&nbsp;Barno Sayfutdinovna Abdullaeva ,&nbsp;Meznah M. Alanazi ,&nbsp;K.V. Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of a magnetic field, a Hall current, and Joule heating on the peristaltic motion of a mixed convective Jeffrey fluid in a uniform channel are examined here. The study investigates a wide range of slip situations, with several waveforms used to characterize the flow being taken into account. To investigate this intricate phenomenon, we use the ND solution method to numerically solve a set of modified coupled equations under the long wavelength approximation and in the low Reynolds number regime. As well as numerical answers, this study uses graphical and tabular representations to shed light on several critical physical aspects. Some heat and mass movement indicators within the fluid are the skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number. Hall current and Joule heating contribute to an increased temperature field, whereas a more powerful magnetic field slows the flow dynamics. Hall current and the resultant magnetic effect, a fascinating interaction, are dissected in great detail. The intriguing phenomenon of bolus motion is also investigated, providing a fuller picture of this complex flow pattern and its possible uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Configuration optimization for offset strip plate-fin heat exchanger using a method of PID-based search algorithm driving design indicators mathematical model","authors":"Zhe Xu ,&nbsp;Zongling Yu ,&nbsp;Xin Ning ,&nbsp;Changyin Zhao ,&nbsp;Fuquan Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One design indicators mathematical model considering temperature change influences on fluid physical properties was constructed to calculate heat transfer capacity and weight for offset strip plate-fin heat exchanger (OSPFHX). Separately compared to experimental data and three-dimensional model weighing data, heat transfer capacity calculation average error and weight calculation error are 7.47 % and 1.22 %, respectively. Parametric study based on Sobol’ was performed, and found that the influences of the seven configuration parameters are conflicted, and whether the interactions among parameters are considered or not, the contributions of cold-side fins wave pitch and hot-side layers number separately to heat transfer capacity and weight are the highest. A strategy of PID-based search algorithm (PSA) driving design indicators mathematical model was proposed for OSPFHX configuration optimization. After optimization, compared to the original configuration, heat transfer capacity increases by 35.52 % while weight decreases by 51.20 %. Compared to GOOSE algorithm, Invasive Weed Optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization, PSA achieves the high convergence efficiency and the adequate ability to escape local optima both, and performs the best with the highest computational efficiency among them. These proposed methods are effective and reliable, which can provide meaningful guidance for heat exchanger design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105901"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the performance of adsorption chiller operating under fluctuating heat-source conditions","authors":"Zhipeng Hua,&nbsp;Shanshan Cai,&nbsp;Hongyang Xu,&nbsp;Song Li,&nbsp;Zhengkai Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorption refrigerators are crucial for recovering low-grade waste heat and enhancing energy efficiency. The heat source temperature significantly influences the performance of adsorption refrigerators, which can vary in practical applications. In this study, a double-bed adsorption refrigerator was constructed using a silica/copper-chip composite as the adsorbent. Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate how various operation parameters affect the cooling performance of this silica/copper-chip adsorption refrigerator. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the cooling capacity is most sensitive to changes in cooling water, followed by chilled water, and then hot water. For the coefficient of performance (COP), the order of sensitivity is chilled water, cooling water, and finally hot water. Considering the operational temperature range of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the changes in heat source temperature were categorized into two types: non-monotonic fluctuations and no fluctuation variations. Experiments analyzed the impact of these two types on performance. Specifically, for non-monotonic fluctuations within ±2.5 °C, ±3 °C, ±3.5 °C, and ±4 °C, it was found that fluctuations should be limited to ±3 °C to maintain optimal performance. In the three non-fluctuating cases examined (Mode 1: 70–76 °C, Mode 2: 70-73-76 °C, Mode 3: 70-72-74-76 °C), Mode 2 was identified as having the best control temperature, achieving a COP that is 4.6 % higher than Mode 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105903"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal properties and stability of Carica papaya fiber-reinforced MgO particulate epoxy composites for advanced thermal applications","authors":"Palanivendhan Murugadoss ,&nbsp;Sudhakara Reddy M ,&nbsp;Sankar Narayan Das ,&nbsp;Lakshay Bareja ,&nbsp;Gokulnath R ,&nbsp;Ruby Mishra ,&nbsp;Kamakshi Priya K","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fibers are increasingly being explored in the polymer industry to develop sustainable bio-composites with enhanced functional properties. While plant fibers generally suffer from thermal stability limitations, their integration with suitable fillers and resin matrices can significantly enhance their thermal performance, making them viable for engineering applications. This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of <strong><em>Carica papaya</em></strong> (CP) fiber-reinforced epoxy composites integrated with magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles as fillers and epoxy resin as the matrix. Five composite laminate samples were prepared with varying MgO filler weight fractions to assess their impact on the thermal and mechanical performance of the composites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of C-H stretching vibrations attributed to cellulose in CP fibers, with a crystallinity index of 59.8 %. The composites exhibited strong antibacterial properties, further enhancing their functional appeal. The incorporation of MgO fillers significantly improved both thermal and mechanical properties. Notably, the sample with 25 g of MgO filler achieved substantial enhancements, with mechanical properties improving by an average of 15.5 % and thermal properties by 25.7 %. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the thermal stability of the composites ranged between 240 °C and 410 °C, demonstrating a significant improvement over unmodified natural fiber composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed enhanced viscoelastic behavior, indicating better heat resistance and dimensional stability under dynamic thermal loads. Morphological and elemental analyses showed robust interfacial bonding between CP fibers and the MgO-filled matrix, further supporting the material's structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105921"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing microchannel heat sinks with rhomboid vortex generators: An artificial neural network approach and its application in superconducting synchronous condensers","authors":"Jiacheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Baojun Ge ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiyong Xiao ,&nbsp;Abdullah Saeed ,&nbsp;Khalid Faisal ,&nbsp;Eli Murphy ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Ramanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) have demonstrated their significance in various industrial applications due to their efficient cooling capabilities. Particularly in power systems, they emerge as a potential cooling solution for critical equipment such as superconducting synchronous condensers (SSCs), which is crucial for addressing the increasing challenges of power density and thermal management. This study proposes an optimization model for MCHSs based on an artificial neural network (ANN). By altering the horizontal distance (d_h), vertical distance (d_v), and placement angle (θ) of the rhomboid vortex generators (RVGs), the ANN model is utilized to determine the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>) and pressure drop (ΔP) for each MCHS optimization scheme. These results are then compared with numerical simulation outcomes to achieve the objectives of both ideal thermal design (ITD) and ideal overall design (IOD). The findings indicate that the thermal performance of MCHSs is most significantly influenced by the placement angle θ. Compared to the design in the referenced literature, the thermal performance of MCHSs was improved by 37.8 % and 38.9 % with the ITD and IOD designs, respectively. Furthermore, thermal behavior numerical calculations were conducted on an SSC integrated with the optimized MCHS, confirming the potential application value of MCHSs in superconducting power equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105911"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced cold storage performance through nano-powder integration in water: A numerical simulation study","authors":"Badreddine Ayadi ,&nbsp;Ali Basem ,&nbsp;Ziyad Jamil Talabany ,&nbsp;Hussein A.Z. AL-bonsrulah ,&nbsp;Moaz Al-lehaibi ,&nbsp;Tarek M. Awwad ,&nbsp;Ria H. Egami ,&nbsp;Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research provides an in-depth simulation of cold energy storage within the freezing phase within an enclosure designed with a complex geometry. The study models transient heat conduction and incorporates tree-shaped fins to direct cold energy into the enclosure's corners. Dispersing nano-powders in water was found to considerably enhance the thermal conductivity of the working fluid. The effects of various nano-powder diameters and fractions were inspected to assess their influence on the solidification process. Temperature distribution and solid fraction contour maps were developed, with the governing equations solved employing the Galerkin approach and validated against existing benchmarks. The findings reveal that water alone required 703.11 s for complete solidification. However, the addition of nano-powders greatly impacted freezing times, with medium-sized powders proving most effective. Initially, larger powders reduced solidification time by 19.98 %, but later led to a 49.28 % increase. Nano-sized powders, in particular, shortened freezing time by approximately 41.22 %, underscoring their effectiveness in accelerating the solidification process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105893"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic case assessment of the micropolar fluid using neural network fitting tool and quasi-linearization technique: An asymmetric channel flow application","authors":"Syed M. Hussain ,&nbsp;Hijaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Hakim AL. Garalleh ,&nbsp;Gulnaz Atta ,&nbsp;Muhammad Amjad","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asymmetric channel flows incorporating micropolar fluids are applicable in designing lubrication systems for bearings, gears, and seals, especially in industries like automotive and aerospace engineering. This research presents a comprehensive thermodynamic assessment of the micropolar fluid flow in an asymmetric channel using a combination of the neural network fitting tool (NNFT) and the quasi-linearization (QL) technique. The thermodynamic properties, mass transfer characteristics, and flow dynamics of the micro-structured fluid are the main focus of this study. The system of governing equations is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations that are solved iteratively with the help of QL method. The source parameters of the problem are the Peclet number for heat diffusion, microinertia density, Peclet number for mass diffusion, chemical reaction parameter, spin-gradient viscosity parameter, Reynolds number, vortex viscosity, porosity parameter, and Eckert number. A 10 % increase in the Peclet number <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> lead to an increase of 10–25 % in heat transfer rate. In the same way, a 10 % increase in Peclet number <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> for mass diffusion changed heat transfer by 1–10 %. The change depends on how strongly mass diffusion affects thermal transport. The NNFT yields accurate predictions of the thermodynamic performance of micropolar fluid flow within an asymmetric channel having permeable walls. The surface drag force is reduced on both channel walls due to the higher values of micropolar material parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 105874"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}