Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Numerical study of structural parameters on the performance of piccolo-tube muti-nozzles supersonic ejector in air-cooled passage","authors":"Zhen-Xi Yang ,&nbsp;Jing-Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng-Na Cheng ,&nbsp;Li-Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Jin-Xin Geng ,&nbsp;Zheng-Xi Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enhanced performance of aircraft engines has intensified the challenge of improving cooling efficiency. In addressing the issue of inadequate cooling air in the idle and taking-off states, which adversely affects the working environment of the radiator within the air-cooled channel of aircraft engines, an enhanced cooling design method utilizing a piccolo-tube multi-nozzle supersonic ejector is investigated in this study. The structural parameters—including the number of nozzles, the arrangement of multiple nozzles, and the cross-sectional shape of the mixing chamber—are optimized to enhance entrainment performance. Changes to the structure of the ejector can impact its entrainment performance by altering the flow field. The findings indicate that when maintaining a constant total area for the nozzle throat, the entrainment performance of a double-row piccolo-tube ejector (DPE) surpasses that of a single-row piccolo-tube ejector (SPE), with an increase in entrainment ratio ranging from 16 % to 20 %. There exists an optimal number of nozzles that yield superior entrainment performance. Specifically, compared to the original SPE configuration featuring six nozzles, the optimized DPE demonstrates a 29 % improvement in entrainment ratio under identical conditions. In addition, it is observed that variations in mixing chamber cross-section shape significantly impact entrainment performance by influencing vortex behavior near the wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105982"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer in transient motion of thin film coatings with copper (Cu), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles over a stretching cylinder","authors":"Yongfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Liping Yu ,&nbsp;Faisal Nazir ,&nbsp;Jawad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abdullah Mohamed ,&nbsp;Ilyas Khan ,&nbsp;Ibrahim E. Elseesy","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin film flow facilitates efficient thermochemical and photochemical reactions by maximizing surface area and optimizing heat and mass transfer. This approach enhances reaction rates and energy absorption, benefiting applications like combustion systems, microreactors, and solar-driven chemical processes. This study numerically investigates the flow and thermal energy transportation of ternary hybrid nanofluids in a thin film over an unsteady stretching cylinder. The characteristics of thin film of ternary hybrid nanofluid are demonstrated by combining water <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> as the base fluid with copper <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, aluminium oxide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and molybdenum disulfide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> nanoparticles. Furthermore, the thermal energy transport is inspected with the applications of viscous dissipation and nonlinear radiative effects. Numerical simulations of the problem are conducted in MATLAB using the <strong>bvp4c</strong> solver for solving boundary value problems. Comparative heat transfer is performed for hybrid nanofluid (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span>-<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span>) and ternary hybrid nanofluid <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>-<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span>-<span><math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. It has been observed that film thickness and the skin friction coefficient are improved by increasing the curvature parameter, and the temperature profile is improved by increasing the concentration of solid nanoparticles. Further, higher radiation rises the Nusselt number by improving heat transfer in the ternary hybrid nanofluid coating through augmented radiative energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105951"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term solar irradiance forecasting model based on hyper-parameter tuned LSTM via chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm","authors":"V Ashok Gajapati Raju ,&nbsp;Janmenjoy Nayak ,&nbsp;Pandit Byomakesha Dash ,&nbsp;Manohar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of solar irradiance is important for the solar industry for efficient power generation and reliable integration into the micro-grids. With this incitement, this paper suggests a hybrid deep learning (DL) model via Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO). The proposed DL architecture leverages the power of LSTM to learn complex temporal patterns in short-wave solar irradiance data. The main objective of the CPSO is to minimize the prediction error through optimizing the LSTM's hyper-parameters such as neurons in hidden layers, learning rate, batch size, dropout rate and activation function. During evaluation of the proposed model, several performance matrices such as MAE, MAPE, RMSE and coefficient of determination are calculated and analyzed. The lowest error is observed for the 60-min prediction in the Rainy session, with MAE = 0.04327, MSE = 0.00419, and RMSE = 0.07913, indicating the best forecasting performance among all cases. The outcome of this experimental study is ensured by comparing its results with standard LSTM architecture, other optimization algorithms such as FA and PSO, and conventional approaches. The output of the comparative study demonstrates that the proposed CPSO-LSTM model outperforms benchmark models, attaining a significant improvement in forecasting accuracy. Therefore, the proposed model can be used as a valuable tool for solar power plant operators, utilities, and policymakers to optimize solar energy production and ensure a reliable supply of renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105999"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEM-based numerical study for enhanced electrical and thermal effectiveness in photovoltaic thermal systems with attached trapezoidal flow channels","authors":"Huda M Alshanbari ,&nbsp;Usman ,&nbsp;Dana Mohammad Khidhir ,&nbsp;Taseer Muhammad ,&nbsp;Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Until now, the world has experienced financial crises, except for countries with fuel resources. These nations can easily meet their electrical energy needs using their fuel reserves. Conversely, countries without fuel resources have turned to sustainable energy sources to bridge their electricity gap. Among these sources, the Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) system is one such solution. This system generates electrical energy from sunlight; however, its efficiency decreases as its temperature increases due to solar radiation. To address this issue, a flow channel is integrated into the system, allowing a coolant such as nanofluids (NFs) to circulate and reduce its temperature, thereby enhancing electrical efficiency. This study investigates a PV/T system composed of polycrystalline silicon and an absorber on the top, with a trapezoidal flow channel attached below. The research examines the passage of ternary NFs within the flow channel, where the coolant is a water-based fluid mixed with zinc, cobalt, and silver nanomaterials. Assuming laminar and steady-state flow, the numerical simulation is conducted using COMSOL 6.0. The aspect ratio (ar) is defined as the ratio of inlet to outlet heights. A parametric study is conducted by varying the Reynolds number (Re) from 100 to 1200, the nanoparticle volume fraction in the base fluid from 0.03 to 0.15, and the aspect ratio from 0.5 to 1.5. The results indicate that the average cell temperature decreases when the aspect ratio remains constant, regardless of the Reynolds number and nanofluid volume fraction. The increase in electrical efficiency of the PV/T system is primarily dependent on an increase in the Reynolds number. Specifically, the electrical efficiency improves by 21 % when the Reynolds number is increased from 100 to 1200. Furthermore, maintaining an aspect ratio of 0.5 (where the inlet height is half of the outlet height) enhances thermal efficiency at lower Reynolds numbers. More precisely, as the Reynolds number increases from 100 to 1200, the thermal efficiency improves by 60 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105997"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stability of the SARS-COV-2 structure in the presence of variable external heat flux in the vicinity of the water/silver nanofluid: A molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Dongfang Wu ,&nbsp;Ali B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Abrar A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;As'ad Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;M. Hashemian ,&nbsp;MengXia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in the dynamics and conformation of the SARS-COV-2 structure, which are usually brought on by external heat flux (HF), may have an impact on the structure's stability. For example, increased HF levels may cause the protein to unravel or denaturate, which may lead to a loss of functioning. By examining the impact of exogenous HF on the stability of SARS-COV-2 structure using molecular dynamics simulations, these complex mechanisms may be better understood, and the virus's capacity to adapt to different environments can be enhanced. This work investigated the effect of the varied HF frequency on the stability of the SARS-COV-2 virus in the proximity of a water fluid containing silver nanoparticles using molecular dynamics modelling. The SARS-COV-2 virus and silver-water nanofluid were shown to have the following properties: mean square displacement, diffusion coefficient, and interaction energy (IE) at HFs ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 ps-1. The results showed that the modeled samples' equilibrium phase occurred at 300 K. Furthermore, it was found that the generated nanofluid contained an inactivated copy of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Numerically, the SARS-COV-2 sample's diffusion coefficient and IE converged to 0.3856 nm2/ps and 3037.83 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the simulation suggested that setting the HF parameter to 0.01 fs-1 would result in a higher degree of degradation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These results are expected to improve the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 viral degradation procedures in clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105994"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on frost formation on cold surfaces with different inclination angles under forced convection conditions","authors":"Zhimin Han ,&nbsp;Huijian Liu ,&nbsp;Hongtu Chen ,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how factors like inlet wet air temperature, relative humidity, cold surface temperature, and wet air velocity affect frosting on cold surfaces of various angles under forced convection. Using frost layer thickness and quality as the primary evaluation indicators, a single-variable method is employed to study various operating conditions on a horizontal cold surface (0°). For cold surfaces with different inclination angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), an orthogonal experimental approach is further adopted to delve into the frost layer growth process on these surfaces in detail. The results indicate that, under certain operating conditions, frost thickness and quality on a horizontal cold surface increase with higher relative humidity, higher inlet wet air temperature, lower cold surface temperature, and faster wet air velocity. As the inclination angle of the cold surface increases, both frost thickness and quality first increase and then decrease, reaching their maximum values at an inclination angle of 90° and their minimum values at an inclination angle of 180°. Additionally, as the inclination angle continues to increase, the frost layer transforms from a smooth surface to one with more needle-like frost branches, which is particularly evident at an inclination angle of 180°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rotational forces, and thermal diffusion on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a viscoelastic fluid through porous media with isothermal inclined plates","authors":"Amjad Ali Pasha ,&nbsp;Mohammed K. Al Mesfer ,&nbsp;M.W Kareem ,&nbsp;Raghunath Kodi ,&nbsp;Mohd Danish ,&nbsp;Shanawaz Patil ,&nbsp;Ramachandra Reddy Vaddemani","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of rotational forces and thermal diffusion on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convective rotating flow of a second grade fluid past a moving isothermal inclined porous plate, accounting for the influence of chemical reactions and a heat source. The governing equations of the flow are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and analytically solved using the perturbation technique. Numerical results for key flow characteristics, such as primary and secondary velocities, temperature distribution, and species concentration, are presented graphically. Additionally, shear stress and mass transfer rates at the plate surface are tabulated for various parameter values. The findings reveal that the fluid’s resultant velocity increases with higher Soret parameters across the fluid region, while the opposite trend is observed with an increase in both the aligned magnetic field and magnetic field intensity. Furthermore, thermal and solutal buoyancy forces significantly enhance the resultant velocity. The study also highlights the excellent agreement between the current results and previously published work, validating the accuracy of the analysis. This research has practical applications in various fields, such as the design of cooling systems for rotating machinery, MHD power generation, chemical processing equipment, and fluid flow control in astrophysical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat and moisture transfer patterns in localized high-temperature and high-humidity regions within rice grain stacks","authors":"Qiang Yin,&nbsp;Junkang Li,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Liu,&nbsp;Yonglin Zhang,&nbsp;Shaoyun Song,&nbsp;Hui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the challenge of developing effective strategies to prevent and control the deterioration of stored grain quality caused by biological activities and heating. The unclear mechanisms of water migration and humidity distribution within rice grain piles subjected to localized high temperatures complicate this effort. Using COMSOL simulation and model granaries, the study examines temperature fields, humidity fields, and water migration in high temperature and humidity areas. Results show that within 24–48 h of high-humidity rice exposure to high temperatures, the surrounding grain's temperature rises rapidly, with relative humidity increasing significantly within 48–72 h. The temperature peaks at around 96 h. The influence of high-humidity grain on its surroundings is minimal within the first 36 h, but as temperature increases, the relative humidity of the surrounding grain pile rises faster. The micro-airflow caused by temperature differences drives moist air to migrate to cooler areas, leading to a rise in moisture content in these regions. Therefore, interventions like ventilation and grain turnover should be implemented within 24 h of detecting high-temperature grain, with continuous monitoring of moisture content in adjacent low-temperature areas to prevent further deterioration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105968"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD-ML analysis of finned pipe hybrid PCM systems for enhanced cold energy storage","authors":"Kailash Iyer,&nbsp;Hasan Askari Malick,&nbsp;Shruti Nair,&nbsp;R. Harish","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.106000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a hybrid Phase Change Material system for enhanced thermal energy storage in refrigerated transportation, bridging gaps in Latent Thermal Energy Storage applications. A dual phase change material configuration of RT27 and n-octadecane, integrated with liquid cooling and cooling pipe fins, is analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The study optimizes thermal management in refrigerated trucks by varying the number of fins. Key performance indicators include temperature distribution, liquid fraction, and melt fraction reduction. Results show that the hybrid system with eight fins achieves a 6.55 % reduction in peak temperature for n-octadecane compared to the base case. The melting fraction of RT27 is reduced by 26.51 %, and n-octadecane melting is reduced by 71.93 % with eight fins. Machine learning models, specifically Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and Scaled Conjugate Gradient, predict melt fractions with high accuracy, with R-values of 0.933 and 0.941, respectively, for the base case. The findings highlight the effectiveness of hybrid cooling systems, demonstrating significant improvements in thermal energy storage and refrigeration performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106000"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial evaporation for solar still applications using low-cost nano-graphite wick","authors":"Muapper Alhadri ,&nbsp;Shaher Alshammari ,&nbsp;Abdulhamid F. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Awwad Alshammari ,&nbsp;Mohamed M.Z. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Farag ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elashmawy","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed low-cost nano-graphite-textural wick for the interfacial evaporation process. The nano-graphite was mixed with black dye and saturated a white cotton wick. A simple glass cup was used as condenser. The glass cup has simple geometry that can be easily utilized for any number in array form according to required demand. Moreover, readymade (waste) or specially manufactured glass cups from recycled glass materials can be used with very competitive low-cost water production systems. The saline water inside the wicked cup is absorbed in the wick texture and spreads in a larger exposed interfacial surface area. Results showed superior performance of the developed system with productivity and efficiency enhancement of 30.9 % and 31.4 %, respectively, reaching 5.235 L/m²day freshwater yield and 42.7 % daily efficiency. Moreover, the developed system was able to produce freshwater with a very competitive cost of 9.9 $/m³ compared with other techniques in literature ranging from 15 to 25 $/m³ in most cases. This cost can be further enhanced for developed large-scale projects. Large projects enable mass production of recycled materials and other device components with lower operation and maintenance costs with higher thermal efficiency due to using arrays of cups with less heat losses expectation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 105992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}