CellPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.006
Yubao Cheng, Shengyuan Dang, Yuan Zhang, Yanbo Chen, Ruihuan Yu, Miao Liu, Shengyan Jin, Ailin Han, Samuel Katz, Siyuan Wang
{"title":"Sequencing-free whole-genome spatial transcriptomics at single-molecule resolution","authors":"Yubao Cheng, Shengyuan Dang, Yuan Zhang, Yanbo Chen, Ruihuan Yu, Miao Liu, Shengyan Jin, Ailin Han, Samuel Katz, Siyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"Recent breakthroughs in spatial transcriptomics technologies have enhanced our understanding of diverse cellular identities, spatial organizations, and functions. Yet existing spatial transcriptomics tools are still limited in either transcriptomic coverage or spatial resolution, hindering unbiased, hypothesis-free transcriptomic analyses at high spatial resolution. Here, we develop reverse-padlock amplicon-encoding fluorescence <em>in situ</em> hybridization (RAEFISH), an image-based spatial transcriptomics method with whole-genome coverage and single-molecule resolution in intact tissues. We demonstrate the spatial profiling of transcripts from 23,000 human or 22,000 mouse genes in single cells and tissue sections. Our analyses reveal transcript-specific subcellular localization, cell-type-specific and cell-type-invariant zonation-dependent transcriptomes, and gene programs underlying preferential cell-cell interactions. Finally, we further develop our technology for the direct spatial readout of guide RNAs (gRNAs) in an image-based, high-content CRISPR screen. Overall, these developments offer a broadly applicable technology that enables high-coverage, high-resolution spatial profiling of both long and short, native and engineered RNAs in many biomedical contexts.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genomic atlas of 8,105 accessions reveals stepwise domestication, global dissemination, and improvement trajectories in soybean","authors":"Zhou Zhu, Yalin Wang, Shulin Liu, Shoudong Wang, Juxu Li, Chao Fang, Yucheng Liu, Xiaoyue Yang, Dongmei Tian, Shuhui Song, Zhixi Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"After millennia of domestication, dissemination, and improvement, soybean has evolved into a globally significant leguminous crop. Addressing how soybeans adapt to diverse planting environments and breeding objectives will facilitate future breeding advancements. Here, we systematically investigated the genes under selection of 8,105 soybean accessions underlying domestication, dissemination, and improvement. The analyses revealed that black soybeans serve as a critical domestication intermediate, and soybean domestication traits were selected in a stepwise manner. Comparisons across accessions from diverse geographical areas and historical eras identified numerous selected genes that have contributed to trait enhancement and environmental adaptation during the global dissemination and unveiled a temporal shift of breeding priorities in soybean improvement in China. To highlight the allele utilization among soybean varieties, we constructed a variation map and quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) library. Our findings provide valuable insights and serve as a critical resource for understanding soybean domestication and informing breeding strategies.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.019
Marcel S. Woo, Johannes Brand, Lukas C. Bal, Manuela Moritz, Mark Walkenhorst, Vanessa Vieira, Inbal Ipenberg, Nicola Rothammer, Man Wang, Batuhan Dogan, Desirée Loreth, Christina Mayer, Darwin Nagel, Ingrid Wagner, Lena Kristina Pfeffer, Peter Landgraf, Marco van Ham, Kuno M.-J. Mattern, Ingo Winschel, Noah Frantz, Manuel A. Friese
{"title":"The immunoproteasome disturbs neuronal metabolism and drives neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","authors":"Marcel S. Woo, Johannes Brand, Lukas C. Bal, Manuela Moritz, Mark Walkenhorst, Vanessa Vieira, Inbal Ipenberg, Nicola Rothammer, Man Wang, Batuhan Dogan, Desirée Loreth, Christina Mayer, Darwin Nagel, Ingrid Wagner, Lena Kristina Pfeffer, Peter Landgraf, Marco van Ham, Kuno M.-J. Mattern, Ingo Winschel, Noah Frantz, Manuel A. Friese","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"(Cell <em>188</em>, 4567–4585.e1–e32; August 21, 2025)","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.005
Peter H. Culviner, Abigail M. Frey, Qingyun Liu, Dang Thi Minh Ha, Phan Vuong Khac Thai, Do Dang Anh Thu, Nguyen Le Quang, Roger Calderon, Leonid Lecca, Maxine Caws, Sarah J. Dunstan, Megan B. Murray, Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong, Sarah M. Fortune
{"title":"Evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcription regulation is associated with increased transmission and drug resistance","authors":"Peter H. Culviner, Abigail M. Frey, Qingyun Liu, Dang Thi Minh Ha, Phan Vuong Khac Thai, Do Dang Anh Thu, Nguyen Le Quang, Roger Calderon, Leonid Lecca, Maxine Caws, Sarah J. Dunstan, Megan B. Murray, Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong, Sarah M. Fortune","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb) has co-evolved with humans for thousands of years and is characterized by variation in virulence, transmissibility, and disease phenotypes. To identify bacterial contributors to phenotypic diversity, we developed new RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and phylogenomic tools to capture hundreds of Mtb isolate transcriptomes, link transcriptional and genetic variation, and find associations between variants and epidemiologic traits. Across 274 Mtb clinical isolates, we uncovered unexpected diversity in virulence gene expression, which we linked to known and unknown regulators. Surprisingly, we found that many isolates harbor variants associated with decreased expression of EsxA (Esat6) and EsxB (Cfp10), which are virulence effectors, dominant T cell antigens, and immunodiagnostic targets. Across >55,000 isolates, these variants associate with increased transmissibility, especially in drug-resistant Mtb strains. Our data suggest expression of Mtb virulence genes is evolving in response to drug-linked pressure, raising concerns about use of these targets in immunodiagnostics and next-generation vaccines.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional RNA splitting drove the evolutionary emergence of type V CRISPR-Cas systems from transposons","authors":"Shuai Jin, Zixu Zhu, Yunjia Li, Shouyue Zhang, Yijing Liu, Danyuan Li, Yuanqing Li, Yingfeng Luo, Zhiheng Cheng, Kevin Tianmeng Zhao, Qiang Gao, Guanglei Yang, Hongchao Li, Ronghong Liang, Rui Zhang, Jin-Long Qiu, Yong E. Zhang, Jun-Jie Gogo Liu, Caixia Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"Transposon-encoded TnpB nucleases gave rise to type V CRISPR-Cas12 effectors through multiple independent domestication events. These systems use different RNA molecules as guides for DNA targeting: transposon-derived right-end RNAs (reRNAs or omega RNAs) for TnpB and CRISPR RNAs for type V CRISPR-Cas systems. However, the molecular mechanisms bridging transposon activity and CRISPR immunity remain unclear. We identify TranCs (transposon-CRISPR intermediates) derived from distinct IS605- or IS607-TnpB lineages. TranCs utilize both CRISPR RNAs and reRNAs to direct DNA cleavage. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of LaTranC from <em>Lawsonibacter sp.</em> closely resembles that of the ISDra2 TnpB complex; however, unlike a single-molecule reRNA, the LaTranC guide RNA is functionally split into a tracrRNA and crRNA. An engineered RNA split of ISDra2 TnpB enabled activity with a CRISPR array. These findings indicate that functional RNA splitting was the primary molecular event driving the emergence of diverse type V CRISPR-Cas systems from transposons.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.039
Jan N. Hansen, Huangqingbo Sun, Konstantin Kahnert, Eini Westenius, Alexandra Johannesson, Carmela Villegas, Trang Le, Kalliopi Tzavlaki, Casper Winsnes, Emmie Pohjanen, Anna Mäkiniemi, Jenny Fall, Frederic Ballllosera Navarro, Anna Bäckström, Cecilia Lindskog, Fredric Johansson, Kalle von Feilitzen, Angelica M. Delgado-Vega, Anna Martinez Casals, Diana Mahdessian, Emma Lundberg
{"title":"Intrinsic heterogeneity of primary cilia revealed through spatial proteomics","authors":"Jan N. Hansen, Huangqingbo Sun, Konstantin Kahnert, Eini Westenius, Alexandra Johannesson, Carmela Villegas, Trang Le, Kalliopi Tzavlaki, Casper Winsnes, Emmie Pohjanen, Anna Mäkiniemi, Jenny Fall, Frederic Ballllosera Navarro, Anna Bäckström, Cecilia Lindskog, Fredric Johansson, Kalle von Feilitzen, Angelica M. Delgado-Vega, Anna Martinez Casals, Diana Mahdessian, Emma Lundberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.039","url":null,"abstract":"Primary cilia are critical organelles found on most human cells. Their dysfunction is linked to hereditary ciliopathies with a wide phenotypic spectrum. Despite their significance, the specific roles of cilia in different cell types remain poorly understood due to limitations in analyzing ciliary protein composition. We employed antibody-based spatial proteomics to expand the Human Protein Atlas to primary cilia. Our analysis identified the subciliary locations of 715 proteins across three cell lines, examining 128,156 individual cilia. We found that 69% of the ciliary proteome is cell-type specific, and 78% exhibited single-cilia heterogeneity. Our findings portray cilia as sensors tuning their proteome to effectively sense the environment and compute cellular responses. We reveal 91 cilia proteins and found a genetic candidate variant in <em>CREB3</em> in one clinical case with features overlapping ciliopathy phenotypes. This open, spatial cilia atlas advances research on cilia and ciliopathies.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-cell nascent transcription reveals sparse genome usage and plasticity","authors":"Shaoqian Ma, Yantao Hong, Junhan Chen, Jingzhao Xu, Xiaohua Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding cell diversification from a common genome in metazoans requires single-cell transcriptional analysis. We introduce single-cell full-length EU-labeled nascent RNA sequencing (scFLUENT-seq), a single-cell nascent RNA sequencing method using brief 10-min metabolic labeling to capture genome-wide transcription. Surprisingly, individual cells—from splenic lymphocytes to pluripotent stem cells—transcribe only ∼0.02%–3.1% of the genome, versus >80% in bulk, revealing limited genome engagement and profound cell-type and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Intergenic transcription, especially from heterochromatin, is pervasive and stochastic. Promoter-associated antisense and genic transcription rarely co-occur in the same cell. Proximal intergenic transcription involves both gene readthrough and independent initiation, while distal intergenic transcription is largely independent of neighboring genes and correlates with increased transcriptional diversity, a hallmark of cellular plasticity. Although global RNA synthesis and turnover are coupled in bulk, individual mRNA transcription and decay are poorly coordinated in single cells, suggesting noise-buffering mechanisms. Overall, scFLUENT-seq uncovers complex coding and noncoding transcriptional dynamics that underlie single-cell heterogeneity and state transitions.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.001
Raymond W. Zhou, Paresh Kumar Purohit, Jai Hyun Kim, Sung-Uk Lee, Nicole Burshteyn, Delia Tifrea, Andres Cordon, Ani Grigorian, Barbara L. Newton, Robert A. Edwards, Michael Demetriou
{"title":"Safe immunosuppression-resistant pan-cancer immunotherapeutics by velcro-like density-dependent targeting of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens","authors":"Raymond W. Zhou, Paresh Kumar Purohit, Jai Hyun Kim, Sung-Uk Lee, Nicole Burshteyn, Delia Tifrea, Andres Cordon, Ani Grigorian, Barbara L. Newton, Robert A. Edwards, Michael Demetriou","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are some of the most potent cancer immunotherapeutics in clinical use, yet most cancers remain poorly targetable. High-affinity antibodies required to maximize killing detect low antigen expression in normal tissue, risking “on-target, off-cancer” toxicity. This compels identification of cancer-restricted cell-surface protein antigens, which are rare. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are the most abundant and widespread cancer antigens known but are poorly targetable by antibodies. Here, we describe glycan-dependent T cell recruiter (GlyTR) pan-cancer immunotherapeutics that utilize high-avidity “velcro-like” lectin binding to kill cells with high but not low TACA expression. GlyTR1 and GlyTR2 bind immunosuppressive β1,6GlcNAc-branched N-glycans or multiple TACAs (Tn, sialyl-Tn, LacDiNAc, and GD2), respectively, overcome immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and trigger target-density-dependent T cell-mediated pan-cancer killing, yet they lack toxicity in mice with human-like TACA expression. Density-dependent lectin binding to TACAs provides highly potent and safe pan-cancer immunotherapeutics.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.038
Erming Wang, Kaiwen Yu, Jiqing Cao, Minghui Wang, Pavel Katsel, Won-min Song, Zhen Wang, Yuxin Li, Xusheng Wang, Qian Wang, Peng Xu, Gefei Yu, Li Zhu, Jia Geng, Parnian Habibi, Lu Qian, Tony Tuck, Aiqun Li, Julia TCW, Panos Roussos, Bin Zhang
{"title":"Multiscale proteomic modeling reveals protein networks driving Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis","authors":"Erming Wang, Kaiwen Yu, Jiqing Cao, Minghui Wang, Pavel Katsel, Won-min Song, Zhen Wang, Yuxin Li, Xusheng Wang, Qian Wang, Peng Xu, Gefei Yu, Li Zhu, Jia Geng, Parnian Habibi, Lu Qian, Tony Tuck, Aiqun Li, Julia TCW, Panos Roussos, Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.038","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remain poorly understood. Proteomics offers a crucial approach to elucidating AD pathogenesis, as alterations in protein expression are more directly linked to phenotypic outcomes than changes at the genetic or transcriptomic level. In this study, we develop multiscale proteomic network models for AD by integrating large-scale matched proteomic and genetic data from brain regions vulnerable to the disease. These models reveal detailed protein interaction structures and identify putative key driver proteins (KDPs) involved in AD progression. Notably, the network analysis uncovers an AD-associated subnetwork that captures glia-neuron interactions. AHNAK, a top KDP in this glia-neuron network, is experimentally validated in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models of AD. This systematic identification of dysregulated protein regulatory networks and KDPs lays down a foundation for developing innovative therapeutic strategies for AD.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.036
Lucas Benoit, Ines Hristovska, Nicolas Liaudet, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, Arnold Fertin, Roberta de Ceglia, David Litvin, Maria Amalia Di Castro, Milica Jevtic, Ioannis Zalachoras, Toko Kikuchi, Ludovic Telley, Matteo Bergami, Yves Usson, Chihiro Hisatsune, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Karin Pernet-Gallay, Andrea Volterra
{"title":"Astrocytes functionally integrate multiple synapses via specialized leaflet domains","authors":"Lucas Benoit, Ines Hristovska, Nicolas Liaudet, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, Arnold Fertin, Roberta de Ceglia, David Litvin, Maria Amalia Di Castro, Milica Jevtic, Ioannis Zalachoras, Toko Kikuchi, Ludovic Telley, Matteo Bergami, Yves Usson, Chihiro Hisatsune, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Karin Pernet-Gallay, Andrea Volterra","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.036","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> dynamics control synaptic circuits and behavior, yet the underlying biology remains poorly understood. By combining volumetric high-resolution electron microscopy and two-photon Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, we characterize astrocyte leaflets that interface with synapses. These convoluted structures with ≤250 nm diameter originate from astrocytic shafts or cell bodies, contain minuscule endoplasmic reticulum saccules expressing IP<sub>3</sub> receptors but not mitochondria, and are often interconnected via gap junctions forming domains with cytosolic continuity. Leaflets enwrap 90% of synapses in clusters and only 10% individually. By fast imaging of astrocyte peripheral microvolumes, we identify leaflet-specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> events that were synaptically induced, IP<sub>3</sub>R1-mediated, and often displayed separate originations merging into large, long-lasting Ca<sup>2+</sup> elevations. Using combined axon-leaflet Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, we show that these complex events reflect integration of incoming inputs from different neurons. The astrocyte leaflet organization may thus coordinate, via Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals, multiple synapses and circuits active at different spatiotemporal scales, executing computations distinct from neurons.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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