{"title":"Ancient hybridization underlies tuberization and radiation of the potato lineage","authors":"Zhiyang Zhang, Pingxian Zhang, Yiyuan Ding, Zefu Wang, Zhaoxu Ma, Edeline Gagnon, Yuxin Jia, Lin Cheng, Zhigui Bao, Zinan Liu, Yaoyao Wu, Yong Hu, Qun Lian, Weichao Lin, Nan Wang, Keyi Ye, Hongru Wang, Jinzhe Zhang, Yongfeng Zhou, Liang Liu, Sanwen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.034","url":null,"abstract":"Interspecific hybridization may trigger species radiation by creating allele combinations and traits. Cultivated potato and its 107 wild relatives from the Petota lineage all share the distinctive trait of underground tubers, but the underlying mechanisms for tuberization and its relationship to extensive species diversification remain unclear. Through analyses of 128 genomes, including 88 haplotype-resolved genomes, we revealed that Petota is of ancient hybrid origin, with all members exhibiting stable mixed genomic ancestry, derived from the Etuberosum and Tomato lineages ca. 8–9 million years ago. Our functional experiments further validated the crucial roles of parental genes in tuberization, indicating that interspecific hybridization is a key driver of this innovative trait. This trait, along with the sorting and recombination of hybridization-derived polymorphisms, likely triggered the explosive species diversification of Petota by enabling occupation of broader ecological niches. These findings highlight how ancient hybridization fosters key innovation and drives subsequent species radiation.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.005
Markus Arnoldini, Richa Sharma, Claudia Moresi, Griffin Chure, Julien Chabbey, Emma Slack, Jonas Cremer
{"title":"Quantifying the varying harvest of fermentation products from the human gut microbiota","authors":"Markus Arnoldini, Richa Sharma, Claudia Moresi, Griffin Chure, Julien Chabbey, Emma Slack, Jonas Cremer","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation products released by the gut microbiota provide energy and regulatory functions to the host. Yet, little is known about the magnitude of this metabolic flux and its quantitative dependence on diet and microbiome composition. Here, we establish orthogonal approaches to consistently quantify this flux, integrating data on bacterial metabolism, digestive physiology, and metagenomics. From the nutrients fueling microbiota growth, most carbon ends up in fermentation products and is absorbed by the host. This harvest varies strongly with the amount of complex dietary carbohydrates and is largely independent of bacterial mucin and protein utilization. It covers 2%–5% of human energy demand for Western diets and up to 10% for non-Western diets. Microbiota composition has little impact on the total harvest but determines the amount of specific fermentation products. This consistent quantification of metabolic fluxes by our analysis framework is crucial to elucidate the gut microbiota’s mechanistic functions in health and disease.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.003
Wei Zhu, Yuning Zhang, Harshit Sahay, Hana Wasserman, Ariel Afek, Jonathan Williams, Samantha Shaltz, Caitlin Johnson, Kyle Pinheiro, David M. MacAlpine, Keith R. Weninger, Dorothy A. Erie, Sue Jinks-Robertson, Raluca Gordân
{"title":"DNA mutagenesis driven by transcription factor competition with mismatch repair","authors":"Wei Zhu, Yuning Zhang, Harshit Sahay, Hana Wasserman, Ariel Afek, Jonathan Williams, Samantha Shaltz, Caitlin Johnson, Kyle Pinheiro, David M. MacAlpine, Keith R. Weninger, Dorothy A. Erie, Sue Jinks-Robertson, Raluca Gordân","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the remarkable fidelity of eukaryotic DNA replication, nucleotide misincorporation errors occur in every replication cycle, generating mutations that drive genetic diseases and genome evolution. Here, we show that transcription factor (TF) proteins, key players in gene regulation, can increase mutagenesis from replication errors by directly competing with the recognition of DNA mismatches by MutSα, the primary initiator of eukaryotic mismatch repair (MMR). We demonstrate this TF-induced mutagenesis mechanism using a yeast genetic assay that quantifies the accumulation of mutations in TF binding sites. Analyses of human cancer mutations recapitulate the trends observed in yeast, with mutations arising from MYC-bound mismatches being enriched in MMR-proficient cells. These findings implicate TF-MMR competition as a critical determinant of somatic hypermutation at TF binding sites in cancer. Furthermore, our results provide a molecular mechanism for the higher-than-expected rate of rare genetic variants at TF binding sites, with important implications for regulatory DNA evolution.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.002
Zhiying Zhang, Thomas C. Todeschini, Yi Wu, Roman Kogay, Ameena Naji, Joaquin Cardenas Rodriguez, Rupavidhya Mondi, Daniel Kaganovich, David W. Taylor, Jack P.K. Bravo, Marianna Teplova, Triana Amen, Eugene V. Koonin, Dinshaw J. Patel, Franklin L. Nobrega
{"title":"Kiwa is a membrane-embedded defense supercomplex activated at phage attachment sites","authors":"Zhiying Zhang, Thomas C. Todeschini, Yi Wu, Roman Kogay, Ameena Naji, Joaquin Cardenas Rodriguez, Rupavidhya Mondi, Daniel Kaganovich, David W. Taylor, Jack P.K. Bravo, Marianna Teplova, Triana Amen, Eugene V. Koonin, Dinshaw J. Patel, Franklin L. Nobrega","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria and archaea deploy diverse antiviral defense systems, many of which remain mechanistically uncharacterized. Here, we characterize Kiwa, a widespread two-component system composed of the transmembrane sensor KwaA and the DNA-binding effector KwaB. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis reveals that KwaA and KwaB assemble into a large, membrane-associated supercomplex. Upon phage binding, KwaA senses infection at the membrane, leading to KwaB binding of ejected phage DNA and inhibition of replication and late transcription, without inducing host cell death. Although KwaB can bind DNA independently, its antiviral activity requires association with KwaA, suggesting spatial or conformational regulation. We show that the phage-encoded DNA-mimic protein Gam directly binds and inhibits KwaB but that co-expression with the Gam-targeted RecBCD system restores protection by Kiwa. Our findings support a model in which Kiwa coordinates membrane-associated detection of phage infection with downstream DNA binding by its effector, forming a spatially coordinated antiviral mechanism.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cancer immunology data engine reveals secreted AOAH as a potential immunotherapy","authors":"Lanqi Gong, Jie Luo, Emily Yang, Beibei Ru, Ziyang Qi, Yuma Yang, Anshu Rani, Abhilasha Purohit, Yu Zhang, Grace Guan, Rohit Paul, Trang Vu, Zuojia Chen, Renyue Ji, Chi-Ping Day, Chuan Wu, Glenn Merlino, David Fitzgerald, Grégoire Altan-Bonnet, Kenneth Aldape, Peng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Secreted proteins are central mediators of intercellular communications and can serve as therapeutic targets in diverse diseases. The ∼1,903 human genes encoding secreted proteins are difficult to study through common genetic approaches. To address this hurdle and, more generally, to discover cancer therapeutics, we developed the Cancer Immunology Data Engine (CIDE, <span><span>https://cide.ccr.cancer.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>), which incorporates 90 omics datasets spanning 8,575 tumor profiles with immunotherapy outcomes from 17 solid tumor types. CIDE systematically identifies all genes associated with immunotherapy outcomes. Then, we focused on secreted proteins prioritized by CIDE without known cancer roles and validated regulatory effects on immune checkpoint blockade for AOAH, CR1L, COLQ, and ADAMTS7 in mouse models. The top hit, acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH), potentiates immunotherapies in multiple tumor models by sensitizing T cell receptors to weak antigens and protecting dendritic cells through depleting immunosuppressive arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholines and oxidized derivatives.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.048
Jeanette A.I. Johnson, Daniel R. Bergman, Heber L. Rocha, David L. Zhou, Eric Cramer, Ian C. Mclean, Yoseph W. Dance, Max Booth, Zachary Nicholas, Tamara Lopez-Vidal, Atul Deshpande, Randy Heiland, Elmar Bucher, Fatemeh Shojaeian, Matthew Dunworth, André Forjaz, Michael Getz, Inês Godet, Furkan Kurtoglu, Melissa Lyman, Paul Macklin
{"title":"Human interpretable grammar encodes multicellular systems biology models to democratize virtual cell laboratories","authors":"Jeanette A.I. Johnson, Daniel R. Bergman, Heber L. Rocha, David L. Zhou, Eric Cramer, Ian C. Mclean, Yoseph W. Dance, Max Booth, Zachary Nicholas, Tamara Lopez-Vidal, Atul Deshpande, Randy Heiland, Elmar Bucher, Fatemeh Shojaeian, Matthew Dunworth, André Forjaz, Michael Getz, Inês Godet, Furkan Kurtoglu, Melissa Lyman, Paul Macklin","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.048","url":null,"abstract":"Cells interact as dynamically evolving ecosystems. While recent single-cell and spatial multi-omics technologies quantify individual cell characteristics, predicting their evolution requires mathematical modeling. We propose a conceptual framework—a cell behavior hypothesis grammar—that uses natural language statements (cell rules) to create mathematical models. This enables systematic integration of biological knowledge and multi-omics data to generate <em>in silico</em> models, enabling virtual “thought experiments” that test and expand our understanding of multicellular systems and generate new testable hypotheses. This paper motivates and describes the grammar, offers a reference implementation, and demonstrates its use in developing both <em>de novo</em> mechanistic models and those informed by multi-omics data. We show its potential through examples in cancer and its broader applicability in simulating brain development. This approach bridges biological, clinical, and systems biology research for mathematical modeling at scale, allowing the community to predict emergent multicellular behavior.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"720 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.047
Yingjie Ding, Yuesheng Zuo, Bin Zhang, Yanling Fan, Gang Xu, Zhongyi Cheng, Shuai Ma, Shuaiqi Fang, Ao Tian, Dandan Gao, Xi Xu, Qiaoran Wang, Yaobin Jing, Mengmeng Jiang, Muzhao Xiong, Jiaming Li, Zichu Han, Shuhui Sun, Si Wang, Fuchu He, Guang-Hui Liu
{"title":"Comprehensive human proteome profiles across a 50-year lifespan reveal aging trajectories and signatures","authors":"Yingjie Ding, Yuesheng Zuo, Bin Zhang, Yanling Fan, Gang Xu, Zhongyi Cheng, Shuai Ma, Shuaiqi Fang, Ao Tian, Dandan Gao, Xi Xu, Qiaoran Wang, Yaobin Jing, Mengmeng Jiang, Muzhao Xiong, Jiaming Li, Zichu Han, Shuhui Sun, Si Wang, Fuchu He, Guang-Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.047","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins are the cornerstone of life. However, the proteomic blueprint of aging across human tissues remains uncharted. Here, we present a comprehensive proteomic and histological analysis of 516 samples from 13 human tissues spanning five decades. This dynamic atlas reveals widespread transcriptome-proteome decoupling and proteostasis decline, characterized by amyloid accumulation. Based on aging-associated protein changes, we developed tissue-specific proteomic age clocks and characterized organ-level aging trajectories. Temporal analysis revealed an aging inflection around age 50, with blood vessels being a tissue that ages early and is markedly susceptible to aging. We further defined a plasma proteomic signature of aging that matches its tissue origins and identified candidate senoproteins, including GAS6, driving vascular and systemic aging. Together, our findings lay the groundwork for a systems-level understanding of human aging through the lens of proteins.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.046
Tornike Mamuladze, Tiago H. Zaninelli, Leon C.D. Smyth, Yue Wu, Daviti Abramishvili, Ruben Silva, Brian Imbiakha, Daan Verhaege, Siling Du, Zachary Papadopoulos, Xingxing Gu, David Lee, Steffen Storck, Richard J. Perrin, Igor Smirnov, Xinzhong Dong, Song Hu, Michael S. Diamond, Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro, Jonathan Kipnis
{"title":"Mast cells regulate the brain-dura interface and CSF dynamics","authors":"Tornike Mamuladze, Tiago H. Zaninelli, Leon C.D. Smyth, Yue Wu, Daviti Abramishvili, Ruben Silva, Brian Imbiakha, Daan Verhaege, Siling Du, Zachary Papadopoulos, Xingxing Gu, David Lee, Steffen Storck, Richard J. Perrin, Igor Smirnov, Xinzhong Dong, Song Hu, Michael S. Diamond, Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro, Jonathan Kipnis","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.046","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is essential for brain homeostasis, and its disruption is implicated in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Arachnoid cuff exit (ACE) points, anatomical discontinuities in the arachnoid mater around bridging veins, serve as key sites of CSF-dura exchange. Here, we show that dural mast cells regulate CSF dynamics at ACE points. Upon degranulation, mast cells release histamine, inducing vasodilation of bridging veins and reducing perivascular spaces critical for CSF drainage. During bacterial meningitis, pathogens exploit ACE points to access the brain. However, mast cell activation redirects CSF flow, recruits neutrophils, and limits bacterial invasion. Mice lacking dural mast cells exhibit impaired immune responses and higher brain bacterial loads. These findings reveal dural mast cells as central players in modulating CSF flow and meningeal immunity. Targeting mast cells or their mediators may enhance CNS clearance and defense mechanisms, offering a potential therapeutic avenue for brain infections.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.043
Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Arev Pelin Sümer
{"title":"Unmasking the Denisovans","authors":"Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Arev Pelin Sümer","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.043","url":null,"abstract":"The Harbin cranium, linked to Denisovans via mitochondrial DNA, broadens their known range and provides the first insights into Denisovan morphology. This discovery highlights the potential of biomolecular analysis from nontraditional sources, enhancing understanding of archaic human evolution in Asia and filling gaps in the scarce Denisovan fossil record.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"703 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CellPub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.045
Ruchita Kothari, Mostafa W. Abdulrahim, Hyun Jong Oh, Daniel H. Capuzzi, Collin B. Kilgore, Sumil K. Nair, Yaowu Zhang, Nathachit Limjunyawong, Sarbjit S. Saini, Jennifer E. Kim, Justin M. Caplan, Fernanado L. Gonzalez, Christopher M. Jackson, Chetan Bettegowda, Judy Huang, Bhanu P. Ganesh, Chunfeng Tan, Raymond C. Koehler, Rafael J. Tamargo, Louise D. McCullough, Xinzhong Dong
{"title":"A mast cell receptor mediates post-stroke brain inflammation via a dural-brain axis","authors":"Ruchita Kothari, Mostafa W. Abdulrahim, Hyun Jong Oh, Daniel H. Capuzzi, Collin B. Kilgore, Sumil K. Nair, Yaowu Zhang, Nathachit Limjunyawong, Sarbjit S. Saini, Jennifer E. Kim, Justin M. Caplan, Fernanado L. Gonzalez, Christopher M. Jackson, Chetan Bettegowda, Judy Huang, Bhanu P. Ganesh, Chunfeng Tan, Raymond C. Koehler, Rafael J. Tamargo, Louise D. McCullough, Xinzhong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.045","url":null,"abstract":"The immune environment surrounding the brain plays a fundamental role in monitoring signs of injury. Insults, including ischemic stroke, can disrupt this balance and incite an exaggerated inflammatory response, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the mast-cell-specific receptor Mrgprb2 regulates post-stroke brain inflammation from the meninges. Mrgprb2 causes meningeal mast cell degranulation after stroke, releasing immune mediators. This process recruits skull bone marrow neutrophils into the dura and further promotes neutrophil migration from the dura into the brain by cleaving the chemorepellent semaphorin 3a. We demonstrate that the human ortholog, MRGPRX2, is expressed in human meningeal mast cells and is activated by upregulation of the neuropeptide substance P following stroke. Pharmacologically inhibiting Mrgprb2 reduces post-stroke inflammation and improves neurological outcomes in mice, providing a druggable target. Collectively, our study identifies Mrgprb2 as a critical meningeal gatekeeper for immune migration from skull bone marrow reservoirs into the brain.","PeriodicalId":9656,"journal":{"name":"Cell","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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