Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献_第7页

Decriminalisation and smart regulation of psychoactive substances: a modern alternative to prohibition. 精神活性物质的非刑罪化和智能监管：禁药的现代替代方案。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Viktor Mravčík

{"title":"Decriminalisation and smart regulation of psychoactive substances: a modern alternative to prohibition.","authors":"Viktor Mravčík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Prohibition has been the globally dominant concept for the regulation and control of psychoactive substances for nearly 70 years. Its effectiveness and legitimacy as a sustainable solution to the problems associated with the existence of psychoactive substances in society has been repeatedly questioned. It is based on the normative assumption that the use of psychoactive substances for other than therapeutic purposes is not allowed, and non-medical supply should be severely punished. This precludes the use of the full range of regulatory, public health, prevention, and harm reduction strategies, reduces well-being, and increases harms for the human-rights, health, and social cohesion. It is time to replace the prohibitionist paradigm with modern regulation that considers the different harms and risks of psychoactive substances, but also the benefits of psychoactive substances for mental health and well-being, lifestyle, and socialisation. This new paradigm (the so-called 'smart regulation') should accept non-medical use of psychoactive substances, apply criminal law as an exceptional tool to regulate human behaviour, regulate the availability of substances according to their harmfulness, regulate the risk profile of the product, strictly regulate marketing and advertising, protect minors and 'others' from the use and supply of psychoactive substances, protect the legal market from the supply of substances from the illegal market, and use economic instruments to regulate demand and to subsidise prevention and treatment.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 6","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 infection elicits textbook immune response. COVID-19感染引发了教科书式的免疫反应。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Zuzana Krátká, Tomáš Fürst, Václav Fejt

{"title":"COVID-19 infection elicits textbook immune response.","authors":"Zuzana Krátká, Tomáš Fürst, Václav Fejt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Imunita po prodělané infekci SARS-CoV-2 byla dlouhodobě zpochybňována. Z jiných typů respiračních onemocnění však víme, že buňky, které se vytvoří při první infekci, dlouhodobě přežívají a při opakované infekci je díky nim imunitní reakce rychlejší a účinnější. Popisuje se zvýšení hladin protilátek, jejich lepší avidita a vznik nových variant. Již existující paměťové B a T lymfocyty jsou použity jako \"prototyp\", který se dále vylepšuje. U reinfikovaných osob tak logicky klesá riziko vážných průběhů onemocnění. V předkládaném článku jsou uvedeny výsledky dlouhodobého měření hladiny IgG protilátek proti proteinům S a N a IgA protilátek proti proteinu S u 4 osob, které prodělaly opakované infekce SARS-CoV-2 spojené s nárůstem hladin protilátek a s méně závažným průběhem, než měla primoinfekce. Tyto zkušenosti potvrzují i závěry z naší předchozí dlouhodobé studie imunity u seniorů z roku 2020, v níž byla také pozorována reaktivace imunity u rekonvalescentů po pravděpodobné nové expozici SARS-CoV-2, ale bez prodělaného onemocnění. Prezentované výsledky potvrzují již dříve publikovaná fakta, tedy že prodělání nemoci neposkytuje dlouhodobou ochranu před reinfekcí, zvláště novou variantou viru, ale pokud již k reinfekci dojde, bývá její průběh méně závažný než při primoinfekci.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"161 7-8","pages":"325-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative Bariatric Procedures and Ethics in Bariatric Surgery: the IFSO Position Statement. 创新减肥手术和减肥手术伦理:IFSO立场声明。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Ashraf Haddad, Lilian Kow, Miguel F Herrera, Ricardo V Cohen, Jacques Himpens, Jan Willem Greve, Scott Shikora

引用次数: 0

Permanent urethral catheter - a good servant, but bad master: Guidelines for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. 永久导尿管-一个好仆人，但坏主人:导尿管相关尿路感染的预防、诊断和治疗指南。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Vladimír Šámal, Jan Krhut, Roman Zachoval, Michaela Matoušková, Miloš Bro Ák

引用次数: 0

Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale revision 2020, validated Czech translation. 明尼苏达烟草戒断量表 2020 年修订版，捷克语译文有效。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Kamila Zvolská, Lenka Štěpánková, Alexandra Pánková, Eva Králíková

引用次数: 0

Health systems in the mirror of international comparisons. 国际比较中的卫生系统。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Martin Dlouhý, Miroslav Barták, Pavel Havlík

引用次数: 0

Current possibilities and risks of donating some tissues, cells, and organs from living donors. 目前捐赠活体供体的一些组织、细胞和器官的可能性和风险。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Hana Konečná, Zuzana Čermáková, Ivana Honzová, Roman Chmel, Pavel Jindra, Julie Krbcová, Jana Navrátilová, Zlatko Pastor, Petr Turek, Hana Větrovcová

引用次数: 0

Physicians' experiences of intercultural differences in communication with Ukrainian refugees during the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict. 医生在俄乌武装冲突期间与乌克兰难民沟通时的文化差异经历。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Marie Jelínková, Karolína Dobiášová, Jolana Kopsa Těšinová, Michal Koščík

{"title":"Physicians' experiences of intercultural differences in communication with Ukrainian refugees during the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict.","authors":"Marie Jelínková, Karolína Dobiášová, Jolana Kopsa Těšinová, Michal Koščík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify and explore barriers to communication between refugees from Ukraine and physicians providing health care, the perspective of physicians was embraced. The focus of the work reflects on the arrival of many forced migrants from Ukraine in 2022. Further, it focuses on the pressure that the presence of migrants' places on the Czech healthcare system, especially in doctor-migrant patient communication. The objectives of this study are also motivated by existing international evidence that misunderstandings and poor-quality communication can lead to lower patient satisfaction and adherence, and consequently poorer healthcare outcomes. The research was carried out in the form of qualitative research, 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians providing health care to Ukrainian refugees. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling method to obtain as diverse a sample as possible. The resulting data were analysed by applying thematic coding. The results showed that four main areas of intercultural barriers play a key role in the relationship between physicians and Ukrainian patients. These are: (1) language, (2) differences in healthcare systems, (3) different attitudes towards health and illness and (4) prejudice. The major source of misunderstanding was the difference between the Czech and Ukrainian healthcare systems, which leads to a different position of the patient in the healthcare system. The conclusions prove that intercultural barriers play a significant role in the provision of health care to Ukrainian refugees but can be addressed to a large extent. The current situation in Czechia and the increasing diversity in society call for the need to acquire intercultural competencies in undergraduate and continuing medical education. Similarly, the adoption of measures that promote culturally competent health care is needed.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 2-3","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10203984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing nutrition for the treatment of lipedema: new pathways to improved quality of life. 优化营养治疗脂肪性水肿：提高生活质量的新途径。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Monika Kunzová

引用次数: 0

The way to data: opinions and recommendations for the provision of health data for secondary use. 获取数据的途径:关于提供供二次使用的卫生数据的意见和建议。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Aleš Tichopád, Martin Augustynek, Jiří Beneš, Martin Dlouhý, Tomáš Doležal, Dana Horáková, Michal Kršek, Lenka Lhotska, Petr Panzner, Marek Penhaker, Miroslav Petr, Jan Piťha, Boris Popesko, Martin Rožánek, Miloš Táborský, Michal Vrablík

{"title":"The way to data: opinions and recommendations for the provision of health data for secondary use.","authors":"Aleš Tichopád, Martin Augustynek, Jiří Beneš, Martin Dlouhý, Tomáš Doležal, Dana Horáková, Michal Kršek, Lenka Lhotska, Petr Panzner, Marek Penhaker, Miroslav Petr, Jan Piťha, Boris Popesko, Martin Rožánek, Miloš Táborský, Michal Vrablík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare data held by state-run organisations is a valuable intangible asset for society. Its use should be a priority for its administrators and the state. A completely paternalistic approach by administrators and the state is undesirable, however much it aims to protect the privacy rights of persons registered in databases. In line with European policies and the global trend, these measures should not outweigh the social benefit that arises from the analysis of these data if the technical possibilities exist to sufficiently protect the privacy rights of individuals. Czech society is having an intense discussion on the topic, but according to the authors, it is insufficiently based on facts and lacks clearly articulated opinions of the expert public. The aim of this article is to fill these gaps. Data anonymization techniques provide a solution to protect individuals' privacy rights while preserving the scientific value of the data. The risk of identifying individuals in anonymised data sets is scalable and can be minimised depending on the type and content of the data and its use by the specific applicant. Finding the optimal form and scope of deidentified data requires competence and knowledge on the part of both the applicant and the administrator. It is in the interest of the applicant, the administrator, as well as the protected persons in the databases that both parties show willingness and have the ability and expertise to communicate during the application and its processing.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 2-3","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0