Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献_第7页

Preservation of antibiotics in Czech households and attitudes towards self-medication with antibiotics in the Czech population. 捷克家庭中抗生素的保存和捷克人对抗生素自我用药的态度。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Ivan Petrúšek

{"title":"Preservation of antibiotics in Czech households and attitudes towards self-medication with antibiotics in the Czech population.","authors":"Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Ivan Petrúšek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Self-medication with antibiotics is one of the factors that can influence the process of antibiotic resistance. The results of a sample survey conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre in the period June-August 2024 on a representative sample of the population of the Czech Republic aged 15 and over map the experience with self-medication with antibiotics and attitudes towards the use of antibiotics without medical consultation. At the same time, they provide an overview of the storage of unused antibiotics from previous treatment, which can be used for future self-medication. In 13.5 % of households in the Czech Republic, there are antibiotics that are not currently used, and these are mostly leftovers from previous treatment. Only 10.6% of respondents reported personal experience with self-medication with antibiotics without consulting a doctor. 18.4 % of respondents agree with the opinion that antibiotics can be administered without medical consultation in some cases. In international comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries with a lower proportion of the population storing unused antibiotics. These findings provide important information for public health policy formulation and education about the risks associated with antibiotic self-medication.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role and position of intercultural workers in the provision of health care to refugees and migrants in the Czech Republic. 跨文化工作者在向捷克共和国难民和移民提供保健方面的作用和地位。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Elena Tulupova, Eva Dohnalová, Jolana Kopsa Těšinová

引用次数: 0

How to feed patients with obesity in intensive care? 重症监护中肥胖患者如何喂养？

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jarmila Křížová, Zuzana Kršáková

引用次数: 0

Clinical obesity - finally a change of paradigm? From BMI to chronic disease. 临床肥胖——范式的最终改变？从身体质量指数到慢性病。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Petr Sucharda

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Alcohol-related liver disease. 与酒精有关的肝病。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Eva Mayerová

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80 years of the Institute of Physiology. 生理学研究所成立80年了。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Zuzana Červinková, Otto Kučera

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Neurosurgery in Hradec Králové - from a rich past to the present day. 赫拉代克的神经外科Králové -从丰富的过去到现在。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Tomáš Česák, Tomáš Hosszú, Jiří Náhlovský, Petr Krůpa

引用次数: 0

Modern approaches enhancing the efficiency of antibiotic therapy in hospital practice. 现代方法提高了医院抗生素治疗的效率。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Lukáš Bauer, Jan Cihlo

{"title":"Modern approaches enhancing the efficiency of antibiotic therapy in hospital practice.","authors":"Lukáš Bauer, Jan Cihlo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The current effective antibiotic therapy requires modern approaches focused on optimizing treatment and slowing the growth of antimicrobial resistance. A key tool in hospitals is the concept of antimicrobial stewardship, which relies on collaboration in multidisciplinary teams composed of infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, clinical pharmacists, and epidemiologists. These teams focus on the correct choice of antibiotic and its dosage, monitoring its effectiveness and minimising adverse effects. Expanding possibilities in the field of monitoring and interpretation of plasma concentrations of an increasing number of antibiotics enable effective and safe optimization of dosing and administration methods (prolonged and continuous infusions) adjusted for individual patients, thereby allowing a personalized approach to pharmacotherapy. The optimization of antibiotic dosing is further supported using modern administration tools. In the hospital setting, electronic parametric prescribing, centralized preparation and dispensing of anti-infectives by the hospital pharmacy also leads to improved safety. In outpatient care, possibilities are expanding with the concept of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy, which reduces the risk of nosocomial infections and provides the comfort of a home environment for patients. However, its broader use is hindered mainly by the lack of official stability data for antibiotic preparations, as well as administrative and financial barriers associated with integrating this innovative concept into routine practice.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of performance between artificial intelligence and radiologists in detecting abnormalities on chest X-rays. 人工智能和放射科医生在检测胸部x光异常方面的表现比较。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jakub Dandár, Tomáš Jindra, Daniel Kvak

{"title":"Comparison of performance between artificial intelligence and radiologists in detecting abnormalities on chest X-rays.","authors":"Jakub Dandár, Tomáš Jindra, Daniel Kvak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied in radiology, where it offers the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis, particularly in the evaluation of conventional imaging modalities such as chest X-rays. This study analyzes the performance of commercial software using machine learning and, respectively, artificial intelligence approaches (Carebot AI CXR; Carebot s.r.o.) in detecting abnormalities in chest radiographs compared with independent evaluations by 3 radiologists of different levels of experience. The study was conducted in collaboration with Hospital Tabor, which provided a dataset of 207 anonymised radiographs, out of which 196 were assessed as relevant. The sensitivity and specificity of AI were compared with human assessment in 5 categories of abnormalities: atelectasis (ATE), consolidation (CON), cardiac shadow enlargement (CMG), pleural effusion (EFF) and pulmonary lesions (LES). Carebot AI CXR software achieved high sensitivity in all evaluated categories (e.g., ATE: 0.909, CMG: 0.889, EFF: 0.951), and its performance was consistent across all findings. In contrast, AI specificity was lower in some categories (e.g., EFF: 0.792, CON: 0.895), while radiologists achieved performance values approaching 1.000 in most cases (e.g., RAD 1 and RAD 2 EFF: 1.000). AI demonstrated consistently higher sensitivity than less experienced radiologists (e.g., RAD 1 ATE: 0.087, CMG: 0.327) and in some cases than more experienced assessors, but at a modest decrease in specificity. The study also includes case reports, including false-positive and false-negative findings, which contribute to a deeper understanding of AI performance in clinical practice. The results suggest that AI can effectively complement the work of radiologists, especially for less experienced doctors, and improve the sensitivity of diagnosis on chest radiographs.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 3","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modern possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie's disease in the Czech context. 现代诊断和治疗佩罗尼氏病在捷克的可能性。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Libor Zámečník

{"title":"Modern possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie's disease in the Czech context.","authors":"Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Libor Zámečník","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Peyronie's disease is an acquired fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea, leading to penile deformity, painful erections, and often erectile dysfunction; its prevalence in Europe reaches up to 9% in middle-aged men. This review summarizes the results of studies from 2019-2025 concerning diagnostic methods and therapeutic options. Based on the analysis of 142 original studies, 23 meta-analyses, and current European Association of Urology (EAU) a American Urological Association (AUA) recommendations, we confirm that intralesional verapamil reduces curvature in the active phase by an average of 9-17° and low-intensity shockwave therapy (LiSWT) improves pain and reduces curvature by approximately 10°, particularly for plaques larger than 2 cm. Surgical methods - plication, incision/grafting, and penile prosthesis implantation - achieve initial straightening in more than 90% of cases but differ in impact on penile length and the risk of de novo erectile dysfunction. Regenerative therapies like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) offer promising, yet currently experimental results. Optimal care is based on early diagnosis, individualization of conservative treatment, and precise surgical correction; in the Czech Republic, standard approaches include verapamil, LiSWT, and surgery, while biological approaches require further research.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"262-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0