Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献

{"title":"The institutionalization of spiritual care in healthcare in Act No. 290/2025 - content and significance of the legal framework.","authors":"Jana Maryšková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2024, the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic approved a bill amending Act No. 372/2011, on health services and conditions for their provision (the Health Services Act). Its amendment (Act No. 240/2024) was, among other things, supposed to include provisions concerning spiritual care provided by hospital chaplains. However, this did not happen, and hospital chaplaincy received legal support only with the next comprehensive amendment to the Health Services Act in 2025. However, this did not happen, and hospital chaplaincy received legal support only with the next comprehensive amendment to the Health Services Act in 2025 (Act No. 290/2025).</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sick Day Rules in the context of chronic medication.","authors":"Kateřina Langmaierová, Olga Nedopílková, Petra Šubrtová, Petr Grenar, Jiří Nový, Dan Rakušan, Petra Rozsívalová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-related complications during acute intercurrent illnesses represent a significant clinical problem particularly in multimorbid patients. The Sick Day Rules concept provides a simple and effective framework for healthcare professionals to safely implement temporary witholding of medications that affect renal haemodynamics and glycaemic control. However, several commonly used high-risk drug classes, specifically statins, anticoagulants, and methotrexate, cannot be included in these simplified recommendations, as their management requires individualised clinical assessment. This article summarizes the pharmacological and clinical rationale for excluding these agents from this concept and proposes an argument-based framework to support clinical decision-making in routine practice, with the aim of minimising risks associatied with both inappropriate continuation and unjustified interruption of therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality as a therapeutic tool in modern healthcare.","authors":"Patricie Hloušková, Andrea Kunschová, Konstantin Novikov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality has rapidly established itself in recent years as an innovative component of modern medicine. It is applied in rehabilitation, neurology, oncology, psychotherapy, geriatric care, and many other areas of clinical practice. Advanced systems make it possible to create individualized, controlled, and interactive environments for training motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions, while providing immediate feedback and objective measurement of patient performance. The technology is used not only in therapy, but also in healthcare education, surgical simulation, and crisis-scenario training. Clinical studies and meta-analyses demonstrate beneficial effects of virtual reality on anxiety, depression, motor rehabilitation after stroke, Parkinson's disease, and postural stability in older adults. Despite these promising results, significant limitations remain, including methodological shortcomings of existing studies, technical and organizational barriers, the risk of cybersickness, and the need for protocol standardization. Projects in the Czech Republic illustrate the practical application of virtual reality; however, fully unlocking its potential will require ongoing research and long-term monitoring to objectively evaluate its effectiveness, safety, and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic sexual dysfunction in men - a practical algorithm for outpatient practice and a pharmacological context.","authors":"Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Kateřina Langmaierová, Michaela Liegertová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-induced sexual dysfunction (iatrogenic sexual dysfunction) ranks among the most common, least reported, and at the same time clinically most significant adverse effects of long-term pharmacotherapy in men. In clinical practice, it typically manifests as reduced libido, erectile dysfunction (ED), ejaculatory disorders, orgasmic dysfunction, or a combination of several phenotypes, while the temporal relationship to treatment initiation or dose titration may be subtle. The aim of this article is to provide a pragmatic, implementable algorithm for the outpatient physician, integrating sexuological assessment with a basic pharmacological analysis (likelihood of a drug-related cause, dose dependence, interactions, substitution options) and recommended interventions, including the safe use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eduard Albert (1841-1900) and Albertov. On the 185th anniversary of his birth.","authors":"Helena Kokešová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study focuses on the personality of Eduard Albert (1841-1900) in the full scope of his professional, cultural and social activities. Albert is presented not only as a founding figure of modern surgery in the Habsburg monarchy, but also as a writer, translator, patron and political mediator of Czech interests in Vienna. The text follows his life path from modest circumstances in East Bohemia through his peak career at the University of Vienna to the \"second life\" of his legacy, embodied in the name and symbolic meaning of the Prague university campus Albertov.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysphoric milk ejection reflex: an overlooked syndrome affecting up to one in five breastfeeding women.","authors":"Magdalena Bonacker Jakešová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) is a syndrome characterized by a sudden onset of negative emotional experiences occurring a few seconds prior to each ejection of breast milk. These sensations arise and resolve abruptly, typically lasting only several minutes, and recur with every individual milk let-down. As a result, women affected by D-MER may experience dozens of such episodes throughout the day and night. According to available studies, D-MER affects approximately one in ten to one in five breastfeeding women. The specific emotional experiences vary among individuals in type, intensity, and duration. While some mothers experience symptoms throughout the entire breastfeeding period, in others the symptoms resolve spontaneously after several months, most commonly after approximately three months. Reported emotional states include insecurity, sadness, irritability, aggression, panic, shame, self-loathing, and depressive mood; in rare cases, suicidal ideation has also been described. Additional accompanying symptoms include loss of appetite and impaired concentration. D-MER has a neurobiological basis. The pathophysiology of this syndrome remains a subject of research. The most supported hypothesis is because prolactin, a hormone essential for milk ejection, is tonically inhibited by dopamine. For prolactin levels to rise sufficiently, a reduction in the level of its inhibitor must first occur. A transient decrease in dopamine is therefore considered a likely mechanism underlying the negative emotional changes characteristic of D-MER. There is no available causal therapy. Current evidence suggests that awareness of D-MER itself, together with practical measures such as drinking ice-cold water, getting adequate sleep, and ensuring privacy during breastfeeding, may help reduce the subjectively perceived intensity of symptoms. Education and basic awareness can therefore represent an important source of support for many women.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MUDr. Vavřinec Pospíšil - the first Czech otolaryngologist in Olomouc.","authors":"Ivan Kalivoda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although Vavřinec Pospíšil was not among the prominent protagonists of Czech otorhinolaryngology at the beginning of the 20th century, he still deserves not to be forgotten. The 42-year-old graduate of the medical faculty became one of the last assistants of the founder of the first Czech otological-pharyngological clinic in Prague, professor Emilian Kaufmann and then returned to his birthplace in Haná. For 16 years, he provided specialized care to the residents of Olomouc and the surrounding area, as he was the first Czech specialist doctor in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operability of lung cancer at the Department of Pulmonology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital in Prague in 2024 and its development in the Czech Republic in the last 45 years.","authors":"Miloslav Marel, Libor Fila, Dmitry Rakita, Luis Fernando Casas Mendéz, Leona Koubková, Alžběta Bejčková, Zdeňka Chládková, Robert Lischke, Jan Šimonek, Monika Švorcová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2024, the multidisciplinary team of the Department of Pulmonology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital discussed 454 cases of patients with lung cancer; There were 70 (16%) operated on that year. Patients with adenocarcinoma (52%) in TNM stages I to IIIB prevailed among the operated patients. We administered immunochemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment to 18 of the operated patients, and 61% of them experienced complete pathological regression. Lobectomies (86%) were significantly more prevalent among surgical procedures, only once the procedure ended with exploratory thoracotomy. We have achieved a 55% agreement between cTNM and pTNM. No one died within 30 days after the operation. We compared the current results of lung cancer surgery with similar groups of patients from outpatient and clinical departments from the last 45 years. During this time, the number of indications for resection treatment did not increase. The proportion of morphological types of lung carcinoma has changed (increase in adenocarcinomas), procedures performed in patients (lobectomies clearly predominate today) and the number of patients operated on in stages IIIA and IIIB has increased slightly. The agreement between the clinically evaluated extent of the tumor and its actual size determined by the pathologist remains at a very good level, as in the past, and is comparable to the results of the most advanced centers in the world. The number of indications for resection depends on the timeliness of diagnosis. At present, less than 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in TNM stages I and II. We see a possible improvement in the increase in the number of participants in lung cancer screening using low-dose CT, which is well organized and available to all interested parties from 2022. The results of this screening known so far confirm a 57% representation of stages I and II of TNM in patients detected in this way.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 3","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery in Hradec Králové - history, academic tradition, and notable personalities.","authors":"Jiří Páral","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 5","pages":"218-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czech doctors in Ukraine - MEDEVAC mission.","authors":"Miroslav Streck, Filip Burget, Jakub Holoubek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multidisciplinary medical team from several Czech hospitals participated in a mission to a hospital in the Ukrainian town of Vynnyky as part of the MEDEVAC project. Civilian patients were provided with specialized surgical care in cooperation with plastic surgeons for injuries related to combat operations and without it. A case of a complex open fracture of the forearm bones with extensive defect of soft tissues and skeleton in a 32-year-old civilian patient is briefly described.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 3","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}