Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献_第10页

Ortner's syndrome in interdisciplinary collaboration. 跨学科合作中的奥特纳综合症。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Ivan Kalivoda, Jakub Konečný

{"title":"Ortner's syndrome in interdisciplinary collaboration.","authors":"Ivan Kalivoda, Jakub Konečný","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Ortner's syndrome, also known as cardiovocal syndrome, is a rare cause of hoarseness due to compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve caused by pathology of cardiovascular structures in the mediastinum. It was first described by Norbert Ortner in 1897, who associated the syndrome with mitral stenosis. It typically presents as paresis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, which is mechanically compressed in the area of the aortic arch. The case report describes an 81-year-old non-smoker who was examined for two months of hoarseness. Laryngoscopic examination revealed paralysis of the left vocal cord, and CT of the neck and mediastinum with contrast showed ectasia of the ascending aorta and aneurysm of the aortic arch. The patient was consulted by both a cardiothoracic surgeon and an interventional radiologist, but due to his age and the incidental nature of the finding, neither surgical nor endovascular treatment was recommended. The patient was discharged home, where he later passed away surrounded by his family. The prognosis of these patients depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention can improve or restore vocal function. Regular monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration are also crucial factors for optimal patient care.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 6","pages":"236-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucose variability and diabetic microvascular complications. 血糖变异性与糖尿病微血管并发症。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Martin Prázný, Jan Škrha, Jan Šoupal, Eva Horová, Magdaléna Kováčová

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The relation between age at menopause and age at first childbirth. 绝经年龄与初产年龄之间的关系。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Anna Šťastná, Jiřina Kocourková

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25 years of ISBER - an overview. ISBER的25年-概述。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Judita Kinkorová

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Automated insulin delivery systems - settings in specific situations. 胰岛素自动输送系统--特定情况下的设置。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jan Šoupal, Lucie Radovnická, Aneta Hásková, Quoc Dat Do

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Reproductive plan of women in Czechia in the context of late reproductive regime and the COVID-19 pandemic. 捷克妇女在生育晚期和 COVID-19 大流行情况下的生育计划。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jitka Slabá, Eva Waldaufová, Anna Šťastná

{"title":"Reproductive plan of women in Czechia in the context of late reproductive regime and the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jitka Slabá, Eva Waldaufová, Anna Šťastná","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on short-term (up to three years) and long-term (three years and beyond) reproductive intentions of women aged 18-49 living in the Czechia. Reproductive plans are predominantly formulated at the threshold of adulthood and only 11 % of women under 25 are unsure of their reproductive plans. In the short term, childbearing is planned with the greatest intensity at the ages of 25-29 and 30-34 (when 47 and 33 % of women plan to have a child, respectively), while for childless women the intensity of planning peaks slightly later, at the ages of 30-34 and 35-39 (planning rates of 54 and 50 %, respectively). Older women are not giving up their desire to pursue their reproductive plans. Despite the health risks associated with motherhood at an older age, 20 % of childless women aged 40-44 plan to have their first child in the next three years or later. In addition to age and the current number of children, short- and long-term reproductive plans also differ by women's education, with college graduates more likely to plan to have (another) child in the short and long term than women with less education. At the same time, short-term plans are influenced by women's partnership status, and in the case of long-term reproductive plans, the influence of perceptions of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was observed.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 7-8","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Trends in fertility and abortion in Czechia. 捷克的生育和堕胎趋势。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jiřina Kocourková, Anna Šťastná, Bára Idlbeková, Jitka Slabá

{"title":"Trends in fertility and abortion in Czechia.","authors":"Jiřina Kocourková, Anna Šťastná, Bára Idlbeková, Jitka Slabá","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the development of fertility and abortion rates over the last three decades shows that Czechia has reached the top position in Europe with a total fertility rate of 1.83 children per woman in 2021. The postponement of fertility to women's older age, which was behind the sharp drop in fertility to 1.1, has been gradually slowed down and halted between 2015 and 2021. In recent years, there has been an increase in fertility rates for women aged 30 and older as well as a balanced increase for women under 30. In the European context Czechia has maintained its position as a country with lower rates of reproductive ageing. The favourable demographic position of Czechia among European countries is also illustrated by the relatively low level of the abortion rate. The postponement of female fertility to older ages has not been accompanied by an increase in the abortion rate among young women, but on the contrary a decline in fertility has been accompanied by a decline in the abortion rate. Given the year-on-year increase in total fertility (from 1.71 in 2020 to 1.83 in 2021), the initial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility can be assessed positively. However, the subsequent decline to 1.62 in 2022 is already the result of a combination of adverse effects stemming from the consequences of antipandemic measures and worsening economic conditions, to which new security risks associated with the war in Ukraine have subsequently been added. This has created the conditions for a further postponement of fertility until women are older.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 7-8","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harm reduction and tobacco smoking. 减少危害和吸烟。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Viktor Mravčík

{"title":"Harm reduction and tobacco smoking.","authors":"Viktor Mravčík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a narrative review of the rationale, arguments and evidence for the effectiveness of harm reduction strategies in reducing tobacco smoking and its consequences and offers a summary for health policy and clinical practice. Tobacco smoking is a critical health determinant in developed countries, including the Czech Republic, reducing adult life expectancy by 1-2 years and draining about 10% of health spending. Alternative products, i.e. products delivering nicotine other than in tobacco smoke, represent an opportunity to complement already implemented tobacco control measures. Their main benefit is the diversion of smokers away from conventional cigarettes towards less harmful forms of nicotine use. E-cigarettes, heated tobacco products or low-nitrosamine oral tobacco are approximately twenty times less harmful than conventional cigarettes and the risk of nicotine pouches is two to three orders of magnitude lower and reach the risk of nicotine replacement therapy or non-smokers. Nicotine contributes to the risks of alternative products, but its harmfulness is much lower compared to the other constituents of tobacco smoke. Nicotine dependence remains its major risk, and the increasing use of alternative products is of particular concern in adolescent non-smokers. However, the best available evidence suggests that alternative products do not represent a gateway to smoking and that they are replacing smoking even in the part of the adolescent population that is vulnerable to experiments with nicotine. Alternative products are also proving effective in smoking cessation and can be offered during counselling in clinical practice as an alternative to smoking for those who are not ready to quit completely. A balanced harm reduction strategy, including the supply and use of alternative products, represents an opportunity that can be a critical factor in curbing the tobacco epidemic.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 7-8","pages":"282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental health of healthcare professionals in Czechia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间和之后捷克卫生保健专业人员的心理健康状况

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jaroslav Pekara-, Pavla Brennan Kearns, Miroslava Janoušková, Jana Šeblová, Marie Kuklová, Matej Kučera, Katrin Wolfová, Dominika Šeblová

引用次数: 0

Nutrition and physical activity policies in population-based prevention of non-communicable diseases and their evaluation. 以人口为基础的非传染性疾病预防中的营养和体育活动政策及其评价。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01

Jindřich Fiala

{"title":"Nutrition and physical activity policies in population-based prevention of non-communicable diseases and their evaluation.","authors":"Jindřich Fiala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The unsuccessful fight against the obesity pandemic has shown that the situation cannot be solved by education and interventions aimed at individual behaviour change alone. An environment that facilitates healthy choices and discourages unhealthy ones needs to be created through policy measures. The NOURISHING and MOVING tools have been developed in the context of addressing obesity, allowing for the evaluation of government policies on nutrition and physical activity. 10 key areas of action have been defined for nutrition and 6 for physical activity. In a comparison of 30 European countries, the biggest nutrition policy gaps were in limiting food advertising (29 out of 30 countries with poor ratings), harnessing supply chain and actions across sectors to ensure coherence with health (29/30), providing nutrition education and skills (28/30), and setting incentives and rules to create a healthy retail and food service environment (27/30). In the area of physical activity policies, the greatest gaps were in structures and surroundings which promote physical activity (29/30), physical activity training, assessment and counselling in healthcare settings (29/30), and transport infrastructure and active societies (26/30). The Czech Republic ranks among the four worst countries in nutrition policy, having introduced measures in only six areas, with the highest rating of \"average\" and only 10 out of 41 measures introduced. In physical activity, the Czech Republic also ranks among the 7 countries that have introduced measures in only four areas, with the highest rating of \"adequate\" and only 6 out of 23 measures introduced. Prevention in the form of government policy measures is crucial and without it, the rise in obesity and the risk of major non-communicable diseases will not be halted.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 7-8","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0