Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献_第2页

Effects of different types of ionizing radiation on DNA from the perspective of medicine and planned piloted interplanetary flights. 不同类型的电离辐射对DNA的影响，从医学和计划载人星际飞行的角度。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Martin Falk

引用次数: 0

Obligations of healthcare providers when using artificial intelligence systems under the AI Act. 根据《人工智能法案》，医疗保健提供者在使用人工智能系统时的义务。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Tomáš Doležal, Adam Doležal

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Health care system navigation in Czechia: the role of health professionals, informal support and digital sources. 捷克卫生保健系统导航：卫生专业人员的作用、非正式支持和数字资源。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Karolína Dobiášová, Jolana Kopsa Těšinová

{"title":"Health care system navigation in Czechia: the role of health professionals, informal support and digital sources.","authors":"Karolína Dobiášová, Jolana Kopsa Těšinová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing complexity of health care systems places growing demands on patients when seeking care and using follow-up services. The aim of this study was to identify which persons, institutions and tools help people in the Czech Republic navigate the health care system, and to assess differences according to sociodemographic characteristics. The analysis is based on a representative omnibus survey conducted in November and December 2025 using standardized face-to-face interviews. The sample consisted of 1,805 respondents aged 15 years and older. Sources of help were analysed as multiple responses and grouped into the main categories of navigation support. At least one source of formal health care support was reported by 89.7% of respondents. The most frequently reported source was a general practitioner (82.4%), followed by an outpatient specialist (36.2%) and a nurse (30.2%). Family or friends without health care training were reported by 33.7% of respondents, and acquaintances or relatives working in health care by 32.3%. Digital sources were used by 29.1% of respondents, more often by younger and more educated groups. Navigation in the Czech health care system relies primarily on health care professionals but is substantially complemented by informal ties and digital sources. Further development of navigation support should strengthen the coordinating role of primary care, more clearly involve nurses in navigation functions, develop care coordinators for patients with complex needs, and address the risk of digital exclusion.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 5","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. 牙周炎和2型糖尿病。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Igor Karen, Štěpán Svačina, Jan Hendl

{"title":"Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Igor Karen, Štěpán Svačina, Jan Hendl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontal inflammation is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) through systemic inflammation, which generally accompanies the metabolic disorder summarized under the term metabolic syndrome. The relationship between periodontitis and T2DM is bidirectional - inflammation worsens the diabetic disorder, and diabetes increases the prevalence and course of inflammation. Weight reduction has a long-term beneficial effect on the course of periodontitis. In a group of 50 patients with T2DM, we demonstrated a correlation between the presence or severity of periodontitis and baseline of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. No correlation was found between presence/severity and relative body weight. In a control group of 50 individuals under the care of a general practitioner of the same age, we found a dependence between the presence or severity of periodontitis and the values of blood glucose, HbA1c, and relative body weight. Questions about periodontitis should be part of the medical history during preventive examinations at the general practitioner's office; patients with periodontitis should be considered at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The general practitioner should also guide diabetic patients to dental care for periodontitis with the aim of reducing the risk of T2DM and improving the management of already existing T2DM.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 2","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual reality as a therapeutic tool in modern healthcare. 虚拟现实作为现代医疗保健的治疗工具。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Patricie Hloušková, Andrea Kunschová, Konstantin Novikov

{"title":"Virtual reality as a therapeutic tool in modern healthcare.","authors":"Patricie Hloušková, Andrea Kunschová, Konstantin Novikov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality has rapidly established itself in recent years as an innovative component of modern medicine. It is applied in rehabilitation, neurology, oncology, psychotherapy, geriatric care, and many other areas of clinical practice. Advanced systems make it possible to create individualized, controlled, and interactive environments for training motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions, while providing immediate feedback and objective measurement of patient performance. The technology is used not only in therapy, but also in healthcare education, surgical simulation, and crisis-scenario training. Clinical studies and meta-analyses demonstrate beneficial effects of virtual reality on anxiety, depression, motor rehabilitation after stroke, Parkinson's disease, and postural stability in older adults. Despite these promising results, significant limitations remain, including methodological shortcomings of existing studies, technical and organizational barriers, the risk of cybersickness, and the need for protocol standardization. Projects in the Czech Republic illustrate the practical application of virtual reality; however, fully unlocking its potential will require ongoing research and long-term monitoring to objectively evaluate its effectiveness, safety, and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eduard Albert (1841-1900) and Albertov. On the 185th anniversary of his birth. 爱德华·阿尔伯特（1841-1900）和阿尔贝托夫。在他诞辰185周年之际。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Helena Kokešová

引用次数: 0

Iatrogenic sexual dysfunction in men - a practical algorithm for outpatient practice and a pharmacological context. 男性医源性性功能障碍-门诊实践和药理学背景的实用算法。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Kateřina Langmaierová, Michaela Liegertová

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in dentistry: from second reading of bite-wing radiographs to dental practice management. 牙科中的人工智能：从咬翼x线片的二次阅读到牙科实践管理。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Roman Šmucler

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dentistry: from second reading of bite-wing radiographs to dental practice management.","authors":"Roman Šmucler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence is moving in dentistry from experimental applications to practical tools for diagnosis, patient communication and practice management. The most mature field is the analysis of imaging data, including bite-wing, periapical and panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography. Human reading of bite-wing radiographs, particularly for early approximal enamel caries, is associated with substantial under-detection; in the ADEPT study dentists without artificial intelligence support detected 44.3% of enamel-only proximal lesions, compared with 75.8% with such support. The 31.5 percentage-point difference is a more accurate interpretation of the often mentioned \"one third\" figure than a general statement about a 30% error rate in dental radiography. Safe implementation requires the use of artificial intelligence as a second reader, clinical review of false-positive findings and retention of clinician responsibility. Additional value lies in explaining treatment alternatives, documenting informed consent, providing 24/7 reception services, multilingual communication, automated scheduling, postoperative follow-up, ambient documentation and support for coding and reimbursement.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 5","pages":"210-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dysphoric milk ejection reflex: an overlooked syndrome affecting up to one in five breastfeeding women. 烦躁的乳汁反射：一种被忽视的综合症，影响多达五分之一的母乳喂养妇女。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Magdalena Bonacker Jakešová

{"title":"Dysphoric milk ejection reflex: an overlooked syndrome affecting up to one in five breastfeeding women.","authors":"Magdalena Bonacker Jakešová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) is a syndrome characterized by a sudden onset of negative emotional experiences occurring a few seconds prior to each ejection of breast milk. These sensations arise and resolve abruptly, typically lasting only several minutes, and recur with every individual milk let-down. As a result, women affected by D-MER may experience dozens of such episodes throughout the day and night. According to available studies, D-MER affects approximately one in ten to one in five breastfeeding women. The specific emotional experiences vary among individuals in type, intensity, and duration. While some mothers experience symptoms throughout the entire breastfeeding period, in others the symptoms resolve spontaneously after several months, most commonly after approximately three months. Reported emotional states include insecurity, sadness, irritability, aggression, panic, shame, self-loathing, and depressive mood; in rare cases, suicidal ideation has also been described. Additional accompanying symptoms include loss of appetite and impaired concentration. D-MER has a neurobiological basis. The pathophysiology of this syndrome remains a subject of research. The most supported hypothesis is because prolactin, a hormone essential for milk ejection, is tonically inhibited by dopamine. For prolactin levels to rise sufficiently, a reduction in the level of its inhibitor must first occur. A transient decrease in dopamine is therefore considered a likely mechanism underlying the negative emotional changes characteristic of D-MER. There is no available causal therapy. Current evidence suggests that awareness of D-MER itself, together with practical measures such as drinking ice-cold water, getting adequate sleep, and ensuring privacy during breastfeeding, may help reduce the subjectively perceived intensity of symptoms. Education and basic awareness can therefore represent an important source of support for many women.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

et al. Radiation emergency - guidelines for the public. et al。辐射紧急情况-公众指南

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Lenka Andrejsová, Anna Carrillo, Zuzana Šinkorová

{"title":"et al. Radiation emergency - guidelines for the public.","authors":"Lenka Andrejsová, Anna Carrillo, Zuzana Šinkorová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A nuclear power plant accident or the use of a nuclear weapon represents a serious crisis situation requiring a rapid and coordinated response by all components of the Integrated Rescue System, public administration authorities, and other institutions involved in civil protection. The primary objective of the emergency response is to minimize the health effects of ionizing radiation and radionuclides on the population and to reduce the risks of long-term environmental contamination. An essential prerequisite for the effective management of such an event is adequate awareness and professional preparedness of all participating entities. This professional publication provides a comprehensive overview of the acute management of a radiological emergency of the nature of a radiation accident. The text is based on the principles of the crisis management system of the Czech Republic, national emergency response plans, and current knowledge in radiation medicine and radiation protection. It focuses on the role and activities of the Integrated Rescue System at the incident site, including coordination of response operations and implementation of protective measures for population protection. Furthermore, it addresses the prediction of the health effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination, as well as the possibilities for minimizing their impact on the exposed population.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 3-4","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0