Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献_第2页

Basic legal prerequisites for secondary use of genomic data for scientific purposes. 为科学目的而二次使用基因组数据的基本法律先决条件。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jaroslav Jirsa, Věra Franková

{"title":"Basic legal prerequisites for secondary use of genomic data for scientific purposes.","authors":"Jaroslav Jirsa, Věra Franková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of genomic data sharing is to enable secure access to this data, primarily for research, personalized healthcare and health policy-making. Data sharing has the potential to accelerate research and bring about significant advances in the understanding of health and disease, but it faces legal and ethical issues related to the protection of privacy and confidentiality of information. In addition to the often counterintuitive European legislation leading to different legal interpretations, there are other national rules in individual European Union countries that can further specify the handling of genomic data. This diversity complicates international cooperation and data sharing, not only in genetics but also in other areas of biomedical research. This thesis analyzes the basic legal framework and its application enabling the sharing of genomic data and clarifies the concepts of further processing, secondary use and purpose of data processing. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of data subjects' consent and specific exceptions to the general ban on processing sensitive data. For effective sharing of genomic data, it is essential to comply with European and national legislation, including a clear definition of the purpose and legal basis of processing. International cooperation requires regulatory harmonization and robust data management. This paper analyzes the fundamental dynamics and legality of data sharing in the field of genomic research.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 2","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commemoration of professor Stanislav Kostlivý - the founder of Slovak surgery. 纪念斯坦尼斯拉夫教授Kostlivý -斯洛伐克外科的创始人。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Miloš Kňazovický

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A matter of the heart. 这是心的问题。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Václav Blažek, Martina Šmejkalová

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Little-known first autopsies in the Czech lands. 捷克境内鲜为人知的首次尸检。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

David Krá

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Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně honored the best medical publications of 2024. 捷克医学协会J. E. purkynyi授予了2024年最佳医学出版物。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Oldřich Ferdinand, MD - a notable figure of moravian phoniatrics. A remembrance on the 115th anniversary of his birth. Oldřich费迪南德，医学博士-一个著名的人物摩拉维亚语音病学。纪念他诞辰115周年。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Ivan Kalivoda

{"title":"Oldřich Ferdinand, MD - a notable figure of moravian phoniatrics. A remembrance on the 115th anniversary of his birth.","authors":"Ivan Kalivoda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Oldřich Ferdinand, MD (1910-1997) was a prominent figure in Czechoslovak phoniatrics and the founder of modern phoniatric care in northern Moravia. After graduating from the Faculty of Medicine at Masaryk University in Brno in 1934, he served in various medical positions, including military service and work at the otolaryngology clinic under professor František Ninger. In 1940, he completed a study stay with professor Miloslav Seemann, a leading global expert in phoniatrics, which influenced his lifelong dedication to caring for individuals with hearing and speech disorders. In 1945, he became the head physician of the otorhinolaryngology department at the hospital in Hranice, where he established a modern phoniatric clinic. He was instrumental in founding phoniatric departments in Ostrava (1949) and Olomouc (1951), as well as an inpatient phoniatric department in Hranice (1966). His organizational skills led to the development of speech therapy services in the North Moravian region. Alongside his medical practice, he was an active educator, leading courses for speech therapists and serving as an external lecturer at several faculties. His scientific work includes over 50 publications, including studies on Jan Evangelista Purkyně and Gregor Mendel. In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded the J. E. Purkyně Medal and other honours. Ferdinand's dedication and contributions to the development of phoniatrics and speech therapy influenced thousands of patients and colleagues. His life and work remain an inspiration for future generations of physicians and have significantly contributed to the advancement of healthcare in Czechoslovakia.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"279-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Alcohol and drug interactions. 酒精和药物的相互作用。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jan Juřica, Miroslav Turjap

{"title":"Alcohol and drug interactions.","authors":"Jan Juřica, Miroslav Turjap","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use is a serious health problem in the Czech Republic with significant impact on morbidity, mortality and pharmacotherapy. Approximately 15-18% of the population drink risky, and the combination of alcohol and drugs is common and often overlooked. Ethanol is metabolised predominantly in the liver by the enzymes ADH and CYP2E1. Chronic consumption induces CYP2E1, which might increase the production of toxic metabolites of some drugs. Ethanol acts on the CNS mainly through GABA, NMDA and adenosine receptors and affects ion channels, contributing to its CNS-depressant effects. Alcohol-drug interactions may be pharmacokinetic (e.g., alteration of absorption, induction or inhibition of enzymes) or pharmacodynamic (e.g., potentiation of hepatotoxicity, CNS depression, hypotension, hypoglycemia). A significant risk with several drugs represents so called disulfiram reaction. Alcohol may also increase neurotoxicity and the risk of seizures, especially when abruptly discontinued after chronic use. In the elderly population, an accumulation of risks plays a role: polypharmacy, altered pharmacokinetics and increased susceptibility to adverse effects. The combination of alcohol with immunomodulatory therapy may alter the immune response and increase the risk of infections. Interaction studies are limited by associated liver injury, small sample sizes, and variability in ethanol doses. Polymorbid elderly and patients with liver cirrhosis are at the highest risk.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 7-8","pages":"306-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: the duty to inform patients. 医疗保健中的人工智能：告知患者的责任。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Tomáš Doležal, Adam Doležal

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80 years of the Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové. 赫拉德克医学院成立80年Králové。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jiří Manďák

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Communication health literacy of war refugees from Ukraine in the Czech Republic. 乌克兰战争难民在捷克共和国的通讯健康素养。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Karolína Dobiášová

{"title":"Communication health literacy of war refugees from Ukraine in the Czech Republic.","authors":"Karolína Dobiášová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Communicative health literacy is essential for effective interaction between patients and healthcare professionals. Its limitations may contribute to health inequalities. Ukrainian war refugees face significant barriers in accessing healthcare, primarily due to language and cultural differences. This study analyses their level of communicative health literacy and compares it with the Czech population. A quantitative study was conducted using the standardized HLS19-COM-P questionnaire. In November 2023, 1,182 Ukrainian refugees were surveyed using the CAWI method. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 28. The communicative health literacy of refugees was significantly lower than that of the Czech population. The most significant barriers included difficulties in expressing health problems (40%), asking questions to physicians (50%), and participating in shared decision-making (55%). A low level of communicative health literacy was associated with poorer utilization of healthcare services. To reduce health inequalities, it is necessary to strengthen language support for refugees, increase the availability of intercultural mediators, and implement educational programs aimed at improving communicative health literacy.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0