Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献_第2页

Shooting at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University and activation of the trauma plan at the First Surgical Clinic of the General Teaching Hospital. 查尔斯大学文学院枪击事件与综合教学医院第一外科诊所创伤计划的启动。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Josef Kraus, Filip Burget

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25 years of ISBER - an overview. ISBER的25年-概述。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Judita Kinkorová

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Health literacy in international recommendations and studies. 国际建议和研究中的卫生素养。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Alena Šteflová, Jan Dudra

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Preservation of antibiotics in Czech households and attitudes towards self-medication with antibiotics in the Czech population. 捷克家庭中抗生素的保存和捷克人对抗生素自我用药的态度。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Ivan Petrúšek

{"title":"Preservation of antibiotics in Czech households and attitudes towards self-medication with antibiotics in the Czech population.","authors":"Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Ivan Petrúšek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Self-medication with antibiotics is one of the factors that can influence the process of antibiotic resistance. The results of a sample survey conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre in the period June-August 2024 on a representative sample of the population of the Czech Republic aged 15 and over map the experience with self-medication with antibiotics and attitudes towards the use of antibiotics without medical consultation. At the same time, they provide an overview of the storage of unused antibiotics from previous treatment, which can be used for future self-medication. In 13.5 % of households in the Czech Republic, there are antibiotics that are not currently used, and these are mostly leftovers from previous treatment. Only 10.6% of respondents reported personal experience with self-medication with antibiotics without consulting a doctor. 18.4 % of respondents agree with the opinion that antibiotics can be administered without medical consultation in some cases. In international comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries with a lower proportion of the population storing unused antibiotics. These findings provide important information for public health policy formulation and education about the risks associated with antibiotic self-medication.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The role and position of intercultural workers in the provision of health care to refugees and migrants in the Czech Republic. 跨文化工作者在向捷克共和国难民和移民提供保健方面的作用和地位。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Elena Tulupova, Eva Dohnalová, Jolana Kopsa Těšinová

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How to feed patients with obesity in intensive care? 重症监护中肥胖患者如何喂养？

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jarmila Křížová, Zuzana Kršáková

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Clinical obesity - finally a change of paradigm? From BMI to chronic disease. 临床肥胖——范式的最终改变？从身体质量指数到慢性病。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Petr Sucharda

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Harm reduction and tobacco smoking. 减少危害和吸烟。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Viktor Mravčík

{"title":"Harm reduction and tobacco smoking.","authors":"Viktor Mravčík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a narrative review of the rationale, arguments and evidence for the effectiveness of harm reduction strategies in reducing tobacco smoking and its consequences and offers a summary for health policy and clinical practice. Tobacco smoking is a critical health determinant in developed countries, including the Czech Republic, reducing adult life expectancy by 1-2 years and draining about 10% of health spending. Alternative products, i.e. products delivering nicotine other than in tobacco smoke, represent an opportunity to complement already implemented tobacco control measures. Their main benefit is the diversion of smokers away from conventional cigarettes towards less harmful forms of nicotine use. E-cigarettes, heated tobacco products or low-nitrosamine oral tobacco are approximately twenty times less harmful than conventional cigarettes and the risk of nicotine pouches is two to three orders of magnitude lower and reach the risk of nicotine replacement therapy or non-smokers. Nicotine contributes to the risks of alternative products, but its harmfulness is much lower compared to the other constituents of tobacco smoke. Nicotine dependence remains its major risk, and the increasing use of alternative products is of particular concern in adolescent non-smokers. However, the best available evidence suggests that alternative products do not represent a gateway to smoking and that they are replacing smoking even in the part of the adolescent population that is vulnerable to experiments with nicotine. Alternative products are also proving effective in smoking cessation and can be offered during counselling in clinical practice as an alternative to smoking for those who are not ready to quit completely. A balanced harm reduction strategy, including the supply and use of alternative products, represents an opportunity that can be a critical factor in curbing the tobacco epidemic.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 7-8","pages":"282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Mental health of healthcare professionals in Czechia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间和之后捷克卫生保健专业人员的心理健康状况

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jaroslav Pekara-, Pavla Brennan Kearns, Miroslava Janoušková, Jana Šeblová, Marie Kuklová, Matej Kučera, Katrin Wolfová, Dominika Šeblová

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Nutrition and physical activity policies in population-based prevention of non-communicable diseases and their evaluation. 以人口为基础的非传染性疾病预防中的营养和体育活动政策及其评价。

Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01

Jindřich Fiala

{"title":"Nutrition and physical activity policies in population-based prevention of non-communicable diseases and their evaluation.","authors":"Jindřich Fiala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The unsuccessful fight against the obesity pandemic has shown that the situation cannot be solved by education and interventions aimed at individual behaviour change alone. An environment that facilitates healthy choices and discourages unhealthy ones needs to be created through policy measures. The NOURISHING and MOVING tools have been developed in the context of addressing obesity, allowing for the evaluation of government policies on nutrition and physical activity. 10 key areas of action have been defined for nutrition and 6 for physical activity. In a comparison of 30 European countries, the biggest nutrition policy gaps were in limiting food advertising (29 out of 30 countries with poor ratings), harnessing supply chain and actions across sectors to ensure coherence with health (29/30), providing nutrition education and skills (28/30), and setting incentives and rules to create a healthy retail and food service environment (27/30). In the area of physical activity policies, the greatest gaps were in structures and surroundings which promote physical activity (29/30), physical activity training, assessment and counselling in healthcare settings (29/30), and transport infrastructure and active societies (26/30). The Czech Republic ranks among the four worst countries in nutrition policy, having introduced measures in only six areas, with the highest rating of \"average\" and only 10 out of 41 measures introduced. In physical activity, the Czech Republic also ranks among the 7 countries that have introduced measures in only four areas, with the highest rating of \"adequate\" and only 6 out of 23 measures introduced. Prevention in the form of government policy measures is crucial and without it, the rise in obesity and the risk of major non-communicable diseases will not be halted.","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 7-8","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0