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Glucose variability and diabetic microvascular complications. 血糖变异性与糖尿病微血管并发症。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Martin Prázný, Jan Škrha, Jan Šoupal, Eva Horová, Magdaléna Kováčová
{"title":"Glucose variability and diabetic microvascular complications.","authors":"Martin Prázný, Jan Škrha, Jan Šoupal, Eva Horová, Magdaléna Kováčová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microvascular diabetes complications are linked to inadequate long-term diabetes control, as indicated by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Fluctuations in glucose levels are connected to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, all of which are traditionally linked to the development of vascular damage. While some studies have linked glucose variability to macrovascular disease, its association with microvascular disease is still debated. The major question is whether short-term glucose variability should be regarded as an independent risk factor for microvascular complications in diabetes. This summary reviews research on glucose variability and its potential connections to diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Current data indicate the need for further research into the parameters of both short-term and long-term glucose variability. These variability parameters may be important for selecting optimal treatment strategies and for estimating the risk of chronic diabetic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 5","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The relation between age at menopause and age at first childbirth. 绝经年龄与初产年龄之间的关系。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Anna Šťastná, Jiřina Kocourková
{"title":"The relation between age at menopause and age at first childbirth.","authors":"Anna Šťastná, Jiřina Kocourková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analysis of data from the representative \"GGP - Contemporary Czech Family Survey\" (2020-2022) on the population of women aged 40-69 years showed that the age of onset of menopause is associated with a low age at the birth of the first child. Women who had their first child before their 20th birthday, a pattern of reproductive behaviour common among generations of women before 1989, have an earlier onset of menopause than older first-time mothers. Conversely, the effect of higher age at first birth (35 years or more) on the delay of menopause has not been proved. However, this issue requires further investigation, as the sample analysed suggests certain tendencies. A larger sample size would be needed to make a conclusive finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 7-8","pages":"330-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automated insulin delivery systems - settings in specific situations. 胰岛素自动输送系统--特定情况下的设置。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Jan Šoupal, Lucie Radovnická, Aneta Hásková, Quoc Dat Do
{"title":"Automated insulin delivery systems - settings in specific situations.","authors":"Jan Šoupal, Lucie Radovnická, Aneta Hásková, Quoc Dat Do","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Automated insulin delivery systems (AID) represent a major advance in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. These systems automate insulin delivery by integrating continuous glucose monitoring, control algorithms and insulin pump actions. Despite their advances, there is a need to adjust the settings in specific situations, either by using special features or even by manually adjusting the dose. The article provides an overview of the possibilities of adjustments in the insulin dosing for intercurrent disease, alcohol consumption and increased physical activity for four certified automatic insulin delivery systems available in the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 5","pages":"189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reproductive plan of women in Czechia in the context of late reproductive regime and the COVID-19 pandemic. 捷克妇女在生育晚期和 COVID-19 大流行情况下的生育计划。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Jitka Slabá, Eva Waldaufová, Anna Šťastná
{"title":"Reproductive plan of women in Czechia in the context of late reproductive regime and the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jitka Slabá, Eva Waldaufová, Anna Šťastná","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article focuses on short-term (up to three years) and long-term (three years and beyond) reproductive intentions of women aged 18-49 living in the Czechia. Reproductive plans are predominantly formulated at the threshold of adulthood and only 11 % of women under 25 are unsure of their reproductive plans. In the short term, childbearing is planned with the greatest intensity at the ages of 25-29 and 30-34 (when 47 and 33 % of women plan to have a child, respectively), while for childless women the intensity of planning peaks slightly later, at the ages of 30-34 and 35-39 (planning rates of 54 and 50 %, respectively). Older women are not giving up their desire to pursue their reproductive plans. Despite the health risks associated with motherhood at an older age, 20 % of childless women aged 40-44 plan to have their first child in the next three years or later. In addition to age and the current number of children, short- and long-term reproductive plans also differ by women's education, with college graduates more likely to plan to have (another) child in the short and long term than women with less education. At the same time, short-term plans are influenced by women's partnership status, and in the case of long-term reproductive plans, the influence of perceptions of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 7-8","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trends in fertility and abortion in Czechia. 捷克的生育和堕胎趋势。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Jiřina Kocourková, Anna Šťastná, Bára Idlbeková, Jitka Slabá
{"title":"Trends in fertility and abortion in Czechia.","authors":"Jiřina Kocourková, Anna Šťastná, Bára Idlbeková, Jitka Slabá","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of the development of fertility and abortion rates over the last three decades shows that Czechia has reached the top position in Europe with a total fertility rate of 1.83 children per woman in 2021. The postponement of fertility to women's older age, which was behind the sharp drop in fertility to 1.1, has been gradually slowed down and halted between 2015 and 2021. In recent years, there has been an increase in fertility rates for women aged 30 and older as well as a balanced increase for women under 30. In the European context Czechia has maintained its position as a country with lower rates of reproductive ageing. The favourable demographic position of Czechia among European countries is also illustrated by the relatively low level of the abortion rate. The postponement of female fertility to older ages has not been accompanied by an increase in the abortion rate among young women, but on the contrary a decline in fertility has been accompanied by a decline in the abortion rate. Given the year-on-year increase in total fertility (from 1.71 in 2020 to 1.83 in 2021), the initial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility can be assessed positively. However, the subsequent decline to 1.62 in 2022 is already the result of a combination of adverse effects stemming from the consequences of antipandemic measures and worsening economic conditions, to which new security risks associated with the war in Ukraine have subsequently been added. This has created the conditions for a further postponement of fertility until women are older.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"162 7-8","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geografie zdraví - průzkum prostorových nerovností ve zdraví v Česku. 健康地理--捷克共和国健康空间不平等调查。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Dana Hübelová, Lenka Janošíková, Alice Kozumplíková, Beatrice-Elena Chromková Manea
{"title":"Geografie zdraví - průzkum prostorových nerovností ve zdraví v Česku.","authors":"Dana Hübelová, Lenka Janošíková, Alice Kozumplíková, Beatrice-Elena Chromková Manea","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health inequalities are caused by a multitude of factors that require a comprehensive assessment, including individual subjective perceptions of health linked to the quality of life. The paper aims to evaluate the spatial differentiation of health in Czechia. The analysis covers three areas at the district level: a) determinants of health inequalities, b) health status, and c) subjective quality of life. The weight sum approach (WSA) method is used to evaluate the data, resulting in an index that takes values from 0 to 1; the higher the value, the more favourable the situation. The cartograms are processed using the local indicator of spatial association (LISA) method. The index of health inequalities determinants improved between 2001 and 2021 in 65 districts, while the index of health status improved in only 21 districts. The districts with the highest values for the health inequalities index are Brno-City, Prague, České Budějovice, Prague-East, Prague-West, with Hradec Králové and Jihlava joining in the health status index Subjective quality of life corresponds only partially with the determinants of health inequalities and health status. When evaluating health disparities in health, it is important to consider the specificities of the Czech context, including the inner and outer periphery, as well as the rural and urban periphery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vnímání rizika antibiotické rezistence a znalost principů racionální ATB preskripce mezi českými praktickými lékaři - závěry z pilotního šetření. 捷克全科医生对抗生素耐药性风险的认识和对合理抗生素处方原则的了解--试点调查的结果。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Martin Zielina, Ivan Petrúšek, Ludmila Bezdíčková, Marek Štefan, Milan Trojánek
{"title":"Vnímání rizika antibiotické rezistence a znalost principů racionální ATB preskripce mezi českými praktickými lékaři - závěry z pilotního šetření.","authors":"Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková, Martin Zielina, Ivan Petrúšek, Ludmila Bezdíčková, Marek Štefan, Milan Trojánek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The issue of antibiotic resistance stands as one of the foremost contemporary global challenges in healthcare. This study presents findings from a pilot survey conducted among Czech general practitioners, concentrating on their perception of antibiotic resistance risk and their knowledge of the AWaRe classification. This classification, in accordance with international guidelines, serves as the principal indicator for monitoring the quality of antibiotic prescriptions. The results of the pilot research suggest that physicians perceive antibiotic resistance as a major problem, but one that is primarily related to health challenges outside the Czech healthcare system. We can also identify the influence of socio-demographic characteristics (mainly age and gender) on the perceived severity of the spread of antibiotic resistance. The second part of the analysis focuses on the ability of respondents to assess individual antibiotics in terms of their suitability for routine and rational, empirical antibiotic prescription according to the AWaRe classification. In particular, the research findings highlight the importance of regional differences and emphasize the need to consider structural aspects within the antibiotic prescribing debate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Portraits of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in the collections of the National Museum in Prague and two previously unknown artifacts. 布拉格国家博物馆收藏的 Jan Evangelista Purkyně 肖像和两件以前未知的文物。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Petr Sucharda, Štěpán Svačina
{"title":"Portraits of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in the collections of the National Museum in Prague and two previously unknown artifacts.","authors":"Petr Sucharda, Štěpán Svačina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 4","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An international comparison and development of health system efficiency in the Czech Republic. 捷克共和国卫生系统效率的国际比较与发展。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Martin Dlouhý, Pavel Havlík
{"title":"An international comparison and development of health system efficiency in the Czech Republic.","authors":"Martin Dlouhý, Pavel Havlík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this paper is to evaluate the long-term development of main health system inputs and outputs and to evaluate the development of the efficiency of the Czech health system. We evaluate the health system efficiency by two indices of efficiency, which contain 4 inputs and 2, respectively 3 outputs of the health system. The weights of inputs and outputs were obtained by a questionnaire survey among experts. The developed efficiency indices show that the efficiency of the Czech health system has a downward trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 4","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geriatric patient at emergency department. 急诊科的老年病人。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Jana Šeblová
{"title":"Geriatric patient at emergency department.","authors":"Jana Šeblová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emergency departments in the Czech Republic have been established in recent years. Seniors are typical patients of these departments. Emergency medicine´s approach is based on symptoms' evaluation and on deciding about the priority of the care needed. The approach to older patients is specific both in diagnostics and in therapy. The triage of geriatric patients is more accurate when we also evaluate patient´s cognition, when we use geriatric frailty scales and screening tools for detection of delirium. Comprehensive geriatric evaluation is a time demanding process and thus inadequate for emergency department however we must maintain its basic components. The therapeutical approach must be complex, and it must include biological, psychological, and social aspects and environmental risk analysis. Trauma management in seniors requires evaluation of different vital function´s values compared to common triage criteria, the influence of medication on adaptive mechanisms and the risk of low energy trauma mechanisms. Therapy of trauma must be timely and complex and the continuity of care between intensive and standard level and then rehabilitation must be ensured. Palliative approach is appropriate for terminally ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"163 4","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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