Casopis lekaru ceskych最新文献

{"title":"Life stories as a tool for preserving autonomy and dignity in people with dementia.","authors":"Lenka Horáková, Rastislav Ostříž, Iva Holmerová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The life story represents a useful tool that enables people living with dementia to better preserve their identity and sense of continuity, that is, the connection between who they were and who they still are. At the same time, they provide care providers with a deeper understanding of the needs and values of people with dementia and enable the provision of care that is truly individualized, sensitive, and respectful. In practice, information from life stories is used as a valuable source of knowledge for care planning. However, this approach raises several ethical questions. Who has the right to tell the story? Who decides on its form and content? The aim of this article is therefore to reflect on the aspects of working with life stories in relation to the dignity and autonomy of people with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"165 3-4","pages":"156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operability of lung cancer at the Department of Pulmonology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital in Prague in 2024 and its development in the Czech Republic in the last 45 years.","authors":"Miloslav Marel, Libor Fila, Dmitry Rakita, Luis Fernando Casas Mendéz, Leona Koubková, Alžběta Bejčková, Zdeňka Chládková, Robert Lischke, Jan Šimonek, Monika Švorcová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2024, the multidisciplinary team of the Department of Pulmonology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital discussed 454 cases of patients with lung cancer; There were 70 (16%) operated on that year. Patients with adenocarcinoma (52%) in TNM stages I to IIIB prevailed among the operated patients. We administered immunochemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment to 18 of the operated patients, and 61% of them experienced complete pathological regression. Lobectomies (86%) were significantly more prevalent among surgical procedures, only once the procedure ended with exploratory thoracotomy. We have achieved a 55% agreement between cTNM and pTNM. No one died within 30 days after the operation. We compared the current results of lung cancer surgery with similar groups of patients from outpatient and clinical departments from the last 45 years. During this time, the number of indications for resection treatment did not increase. The proportion of morphological types of lung carcinoma has changed (increase in adenocarcinomas), procedures performed in patients (lobectomies clearly predominate today) and the number of patients operated on in stages IIIA and IIIB has increased slightly. The agreement between the clinically evaluated extent of the tumor and its actual size determined by the pathologist remains at a very good level, as in the past, and is comparable to the results of the most advanced centers in the world. The number of indications for resection depends on the timeliness of diagnosis. At present, less than 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in TNM stages I and II. We see a possible improvement in the increase in the number of participants in lung cancer screening using low-dose CT, which is well organized and available to all interested parties from 2022. The results of this screening known so far confirm a 57% representation of stages I and II of TNM in patients detected in this way.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 3","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery in Hradec Králové - history, academic tradition, and notable personalities.","authors":"Jiří Páral","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 5","pages":"218-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commemoration of professor Stanislav Kostlivý - the founder of Slovak surgery.","authors":"Miloš Kňazovický","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 1","pages":"35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147484873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matter of the heart.","authors":"Václav Blažek, Martina Šmejkalová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 2","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147484876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czech doctors in Ukraine - MEDEVAC mission.","authors":"Miroslav Streck, Filip Burget, Jakub Holoubek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A multidisciplinary medical team from several Czech hospitals participated in a mission to a hospital in the Ukrainian town of Vynnyky as part of the MEDEVAC project. Civilian patients were provided with specialized surgical care in cooperation with plastic surgeons for injuries related to combat operations and without it. A case of a complex open fracture of the forearm bones with extensive defect of soft tissues and skeleton in a 32-year-old civilian patient is briefly described.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 3","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic legal prerequisites for secondary use of genomic data for scientific purposes.","authors":"Jaroslav Jirsa, Věra Franková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of genomic data sharing is to enable secure access to this data, primarily for research, personalized healthcare and health policy-making. Data sharing has the potential to accelerate research and bring about significant advances in the understanding of health and disease, but it faces legal and ethical issues related to the protection of privacy and confidentiality of information. In addition to the often counterintuitive European legislation leading to different legal interpretations, there are other national rules in individual European Union countries that can further specify the handling of genomic data. This diversity complicates international cooperation and data sharing, not only in genetics but also in other areas of biomedical research. This thesis analyzes the basic legal framework and its application enabling the sharing of genomic data and clarifies the concepts of further processing, secondary use and purpose of data processing. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of data subjects' consent and specific exceptions to the general ban on processing sensitive data. For effective sharing of genomic data, it is essential to comply with European and national legislation, including a clear definition of the purpose and legal basis of processing. International cooperation requires regulatory harmonization and robust data management. This paper analyzes the fundamental dynamics and legality of data sharing in the field of genomic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 2","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little-known first autopsies in the Czech lands.","authors":"David Krá","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The autopsy performed by Ján Jesenský in 1600 is often perceived as the first autopsy in the history of Czech medicine. However, when examining historical sources and previously published articles, it turns out that several autopsies had been performed in our territory earlier. The article presents these events chronologically and with available details.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"270-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně honored the best medical publications of 2024.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"285-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oldřich Ferdinand, MD - a notable figure of moravian phoniatrics. A remembrance on the 115th anniversary of his birth.","authors":"Ivan Kalivoda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oldřich Ferdinand, MD (1910-1997) was a prominent figure in Czechoslovak phoniatrics and the founder of modern phoniatric care in northern Moravia. After graduating from the Faculty of Medicine at Masaryk University in Brno in 1934, he served in various medical positions, including military service and work at the otolaryngology clinic under professor František Ninger. In 1940, he completed a study stay with professor Miloslav Seemann, a leading global expert in phoniatrics, which influenced his lifelong dedication to caring for individuals with hearing and speech disorders. In 1945, he became the head physician of the otorhinolaryngology department at the hospital in Hranice, where he established a modern phoniatric clinic. He was instrumental in founding phoniatric departments in Ostrava (1949) and Olomouc (1951), as well as an inpatient phoniatric department in Hranice (1966). His organizational skills led to the development of speech therapy services in the North Moravian region. Alongside his medical practice, he was an active educator, leading courses for speech therapists and serving as an external lecturer at several faculties. His scientific work includes over 50 publications, including studies on Jan Evangelista Purkyně and Gregor Mendel. In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded the J. E. Purkyně Medal and other honours. Ferdinand's dedication and contributions to the development of phoniatrics and speech therapy influenced thousands of patients and colleagues. His life and work remain an inspiration for future generations of physicians and have significantly contributed to the advancement of healthcare in Czechoslovakia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"279-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}