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80 years of the Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové. 赫拉德克医学院成立80年Králové。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Jiří Manďák
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引用次数: 0
Communication health literacy of war refugees from Ukraine in the Czech Republic. 乌克兰战争难民在捷克共和国的通讯健康素养。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Karolína Dobiášová
{"title":"Communication health literacy of war refugees from Ukraine in the Czech Republic.","authors":"Karolína Dobiášová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communicative health literacy is essential for effective interaction between patients and healthcare professionals. Its limitations may contribute to health inequalities. Ukrainian war refugees face significant barriers in accessing healthcare, primarily due to language and cultural differences. This study analyses their level of communicative health literacy and compares it with the Czech population. A quantitative study was conducted using the standardized HLS19-COM-P questionnaire. In November 2023, 1,182 Ukrainian refugees were surveyed using the CAWI method. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 28. The communicative health literacy of refugees was significantly lower than that of the Czech population. The most significant barriers included difficulties in expressing health problems (40%), asking questions to physicians (50%), and participating in shared decision-making (55%). A low level of communicative health literacy was associated with poorer utilization of healthcare services. To reduce health inequalities, it is necessary to strengthen language support for refugees, increase the availability of intercultural mediators, and implement educational programs aimed at improving communicative health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility - an overview of current methods. 男性不育症的诊断与治疗进展——当前方法综述。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Michaela Liegertová
{"title":"Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility - an overview of current methods.","authors":"Marek Broul, Aneta Hujová, Michaela Liegertová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male infertility is a multifactorial condition influenced by hormonal, anatomical, genetic, and lifestyle factors. Although the male factor contributes to up to 40% of infertility cases, the exact etiology often remains unknown (so-called idiopathic infertility). Current diagnostic approaches include detailed clinical evaluation, semen analysis, hormonal assessment, genetic testing, and imaging techniques. Significant progress has been achieved in sperm DNA fragmentation testing and oxidative stress evaluation, offering a broader insight into sperm quality. Treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause, ranging from pharmacological therapy and surgical interventions to assisted reproductive technologies. Rapid advances in regenerative medicine and gene therapy show promise for novel therapeutic options. A healthy lifestyle and risk factor management are integral to both prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 2","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The importance of the regulation of surrogacy from the point of view of civil, medical and criminal law. 从民法、医学和刑法的角度对代孕进行监管的重要性。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Lenka Teska Arnoštová, Jana Tlapák Navrátilová, Ingrid Galovcová
{"title":"The importance of the regulation of surrogacy from the point of view of civil, medical and criminal law.","authors":"Lenka Teska Arnoštová, Jana Tlapák Navrátilová, Ingrid Galovcová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surrogate motherhood is one of the possible procedures to become a parent, However, it is not legally regulated. Practice shows that there are several problematic or controversial aspects that should be regulated in the interest of all participants, but especially the well-being of the child. The legislation should mainly concern the altruistic principle, the medical indications of the intended and surrogate mother, their medical examinations and approval by the court.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 2","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amiodarone-induced thyreopaties. Amiodarone-induced thyreopaties。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Adela Krausová
{"title":"Amiodarone-induced thyreopaties.","authors":"Adela Krausová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction represents a serious complication of treatment with amiodarone, a frequently used potent antiarrhythmic drug. In clinical practice, there are two main forms: hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is further divided into type 1 and type 2 with different pathogenesis, diagnostic findings and, most importantly for the patient, therapeutic approach. Due to frequent diagnostic overlap, a mixed form of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is also recognized, requiring a combination of both distinct treatment strategies, antithyroid drugs and glucocorticoids. Amiodarone-induced type 1 thyrotoxicosis necessitates prospective discontinuation of amiodarone therapy; in type 2 this step is usually not warranted. In hypothyroidism, substitution therapy with levothyroxine is sufficient without the need to stop antiarrhythmic treatment with amiodarone. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis may significantly increase the incidence of cardiovascular complications. If amiodarone treatment is discontinued solely for cardiological indications, patients without a history of thyroid disease usually experience restoration of normal thyroid function. However, in predisposed individuals, dysfunction may persist or recur following repeated iodine exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 3","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence in healthcare: the duty to inform patients. 医疗保健中的人工智能：告知患者的责任。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Tomáš Doležal, Adam Doležal
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare: the duty to inform patients.","authors":"Tomáš Doležal, Adam Doležal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in healthcare, ranging from diagnostic and therapeutic applications to administrative support. Its implementation raises not only medical and ethical, but also legal challenges. This review article focuses on the healthcare provider's duty to inform patients about the use of AI systems in clinical practice. It examines the ethical dimension of this duty, particularly the principles of autonomy and the patient's right to information and explanation and analyzes the legal framework arising from the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, GDPR, the Council of Europe Framework Convention, and the Czech Health Services Act. The authors conclude that the patient's right to be informed about the use of AI and to understand its role in clinical decision-making can be derived from the concept of informed consent, even though it is not yet explicitly enshrined in law. The article also offers recommendations for clinical practice regarding the scope and depth of information disclosure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 7-8","pages":"324-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alcohol and drug interactions. 酒精和药物的相互作用。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Jan Juřica, Miroslav Turjap
{"title":"Alcohol and drug interactions.","authors":"Jan Juřica, Miroslav Turjap","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol use is a serious health problem in the Czech Republic with significant impact on morbidity, mortality and pharmacotherapy. Approximately 15-18% of the population drink risky, and the combination of alcohol and drugs is common and often overlooked. Ethanol is metabolised predominantly in the liver by the enzymes ADH and CYP2E1. Chronic consumption induces CYP2E1, which might increase the production of toxic metabolites of some drugs. Ethanol acts on the CNS mainly through GABA, NMDA and adenosine receptors and affects ion channels, contributing to its CNS-depressant effects. Alcohol-drug interactions may be pharmacokinetic (e.g., alteration of absorption, induction or inhibition of enzymes) or pharmacodynamic (e.g., potentiation of hepatotoxicity, CNS depression, hypotension, hypoglycemia). A significant risk with several drugs represents so called disulfiram reaction. Alcohol may also increase neurotoxicity and the risk of seizures, especially when abruptly discontinued after chronic use. In the elderly population, an accumulation of risks plays a role: polypharmacy, altered pharmacokinetics and increased susceptibility to adverse effects. The combination of alcohol with immunomodulatory therapy may alter the immune response and increase the risk of infections. Interaction studies are limited by associated liver injury, small sample sizes, and variability in ethanol doses. Polymorbid elderly and patients with liver cirrhosis are at the highest risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 7-8","pages":"306-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Change in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity in seven-year-old children between 2019-2023 - project COSI. 2019-2023年期间7岁儿童超重、肥胖和严重肥胖患病率的变化——COSI项目
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Tereza Metelcová, Tereza Svobodová, Marie Kunešová, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Markéta Vaňková
{"title":"Change in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity in seven-year-old children between 2019-2023 - project COSI.","authors":"Tereza Metelcová, Tereza Svobodová, Marie Kunešová, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Markéta Vaňková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is part of the World Health Organization's European initiative to monitor trends in overweight and obesity in children. Children have been monitored every two years using a consistent protocol since 2008. The COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021) and related restrictions significantly altered daily life, including that of children. We compared the prevalence of overweight in seven-year-olds from the 5th monitoring period (Jan-Dec 2019) and the 6th period (Nov 2022-Mar 2024) to assess the impact of pandemic-related restrictions. Results showed no significant change in overall overweight or obesity prevalence between the two periods. In the 6th monitoring, 5.7% of boys and 6% of girls had overweight; 7.5% of boys and 7.3% of girls had obesity. Severe obesity was relatively high (3.8% for both sexes) but not significantly different from 2019. Abdominal obesity, indicated by a risk waist-to-height ratio, was found in 12.9% of boys and 12.2% of girls - also unchanged from the earlier monitoring. Overall, two years after lifting COVID-19 restrictions, overweight prevalence in 7-year-olds remained like pre-pandemic levels. However, the persistent prevalence of severe obesity is concerning and highlights the need for continued public health efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"247-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
His dream became reality. In memory of professor Vladimír Vonka (1930-2025). 他的梦想变成了现实。纪念Vladimír冯卡教授（1930-2025）。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Milan Macek
{"title":"His dream became reality. In memory of professor Vladimír Vonka (1930-2025).","authors":"Milan Macek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 6","pages":"282-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How hematology has developed and where it is headed in Hradec Králové. 血液学是如何发展的以及它在Hradec的发展方向Králové。
Casopis lekaru ceskych Pub Date : 2025-01-01
Pavel Žák, Lukáš Smolej, Jaroslav Malý
{"title":"How hematology has developed and where it is headed in Hradec Králové.","authors":"Pavel Žák, Lukáš Smolej, Jaroslav Malý","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9645,"journal":{"name":"Casopis lekaru ceskych","volume":"164 5","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145502105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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