Cancer Biology & Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon.","authors":"Xiaoling Li, Jian You, Liping Hong, Weijiang Liu, Peng Guo, Xishan Hao","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient's own immune system and eliminate cancer cells. One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens, which are peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations that are found exclusively within cancer cells and absent in normal cells. Although neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have not received approval for standard cancer treatment, early clinical trials have yielded encouraging outcomes as standalone monotherapy or when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Progress made in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have greatly facilitated the precise and efficient identification of neoantigens. Consequently, personalized neoantigen-based vaccines tailored to each patient have been developed that are capable of eliciting a robust and long-lasting immune response which effectively eliminates tumors and prevents recurrences. This review provides a concise overview consolidating the latest clinical advances in neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines, and also discusses challenges and future perspectives for this innovative approach, particularly emphasizing the potential of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines to enhance clinical efficacy against advanced solid tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11033713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid assessment facilitates precision medicine for lung cancer.","authors":"Hantao Zhang, Dan Deng, Shujun Li, Jing Ren, Wei Huang, Dan Liu, Weiya Wang","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0381","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the most common and fatal malignant disease worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among tumor-related causes of death. Early diagnosis and precision medicine can significantly improve the survival rate and prognosis of lung cancer patients. At present, the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer is challenging due to a lack of effective non-invasive detection methods and biomarkers, and treatment is primarily hindered by drug resistance and high tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy is a method for detecting circulating biomarkers in the blood and other body fluids containing genetic information from primary tumor tissues. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is a potential liquid biopsy medium that is rich in a variety of bioactive substances and cell components. BALF contains information on the key characteristics of tumors, including the tumor subtype, gene mutation type, and tumor environment, thus BALF may be used as a diagnostic supplement to lung biopsy. In this review, the current research on BALF in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer is summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of different components of BALF, including cells, cell-free DNA, extracellular vesicles, and microRNA are introduced. In particular, the great potential of extracellular vesicles in precision diagnosis and detection of drug-resistant for lung cancer is highlighted. In addition, the performance of liquid biopsies with different body fluid sources in lung cancer detection are compared to facilitate more selective studies involving BALF, thereby promoting the application of BALF for precision medicine in lung cancer patients in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10976328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA damage response-related immune activation signature predicts the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from gastrointestinal cancer analysis to pan-cancer validation.","authors":"Junya Yan, Shibo Wang, Jing Zhang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Xianchun Gao, Nannan Zhang, Yan Pan, Haohao Zhang, Kun Liu, Jun Yu, Linbin Lu, Hui Liu, Xiaoliang Gao, Sheng Zhao, Wenyao Zhang, Abudurousuli Reyila, Yu Qi, Qiujin Zhang, Shundong Cang, Yuanyuan Lu, Yanglin Pan, Yan Kong, Yongzhan Nie","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0303","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>DNA damage response (DDR) deficiency has emerged as a prominent determinant of tumor immunogenicity. This study aimed to construct a DDR-related immune activation (DRIA) signature and evaluate the predictive accuracy of the DRIA signature for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A DRIA signature was established based on two previously reported DNA damage immune response assays. Clinical and gene expression data from two published GI cancer cohorts were used to assess and validate the association between the DRIA score and response to ICI therapy. The predictive accuracy of the DRIA score was validated based on one ICI-treated melanoma and three pan-cancer published cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DRIA signature includes three genes (<i>CXCL10</i>, <i>IDO1</i>, and <i>IFI44L</i>). In the discovery cancer cohort, DRIA-high patients with gastric cancer achieved a higher response rate to ICI therapy than DRIA-low patients (81.8% <i>vs.</i> 8.8%; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the predictive accuracy of the DRIA score [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.845] was superior to the predictive accuracy of PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and Epstein-Barr virus status. The validation cohort demonstrated that the DRIA score identified responders with microsatellite-stable colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma who received dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade with radiation therapy. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the DRIA score was shown to be robust through an extended validation in melanoma, urothelial cancer, and pan-cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DRIA signature has superior and robust predictive accuracy for the efficacy of ICI therapy in GI cancer and pan-cancer, indicating that the DRIA signature may serve as a powerful biomarker for guiding ICI therapy decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10976329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hodgkin's lymphoma: 2023 update on treatment.","authors":"Sicong Zhang, Xianming Liu, Lanfang Li, Lihua Qiu, Zhengzi Qian, Shiyong Zhou, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0427","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11033717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-line immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current progress and future prospects.","authors":"Jingyi Wang, Lin Wu","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0401","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Ib study of anti-EGFR antibody (SCT200) in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody (SCT-I10A) for patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.","authors":"Ming Bai, Yao Lu, Chunmei Shi, Jianwei Yang, Wei Li, Xianli Yin, Chenghui Huang, Lin Shen, Liangzhi Xie, Yi Ba","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0301","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody (SCT200) and an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody (SCT-I10A) as third-line or subsequent therapies in patients with rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS)/v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase Ib clinical trial. Patients with histologically confirmed RAS/BRAF wt mCRC with more than two lines of treatment were enrolled and treated with SCT-I10A and SCT200. The primary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and safety. The secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients were enrolled in the study through January 28, 2023. The ORR was 28.57% and the DCR was 85.71% (18/21). The median PFS and OS were 4.14 and 12.84 months, respectively. The treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were tolerable. Moreover, compared with the monotherapy cohort from our previous phase I study evaluating SCT200 for RAS/BRAF wt mCRC in a third-line setting, no significant improvements in PFS and OS were observed in the combination group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SCT200 combined with SCT-I10A demonstrated promising efficacy in previously treated RAS/BRAF wt mCRC patients with an acceptable safety profile. Further head-to-head studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate whether the efficacy and safety of combined anti-EGFR and anti-PD-1 therapy are superior to anti-EGFR monotherapy in the third-line setting. (Registration No. NCT04229537).</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of intestinal flora on tumorigenesis, progression, and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Sen Wang, Benling Xu, Yangyang Zhang, Guangyu Chen, Peng Zhao, Quanli Gao, Long Yuan","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0376","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system, serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers, and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown satisfactory results in MSI-H/dMMR CRC but performed poorly in patients with MSS/pMMR CRC. In recent years an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important impact on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC patients. Preclinical and clinical evidence have suggested that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy can be improved by altering the composition of the intestinal flora in CRC. Herein, we summarize the studies related to the influence of intestinal flora on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC and discuss the potential underlying mechanism(s). We have focused on the impact of the intestinal flora on the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in CRC and how to better utilize the intestinal flora as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. In addition, we have provided a basis for the potential of the intestinal flora as a new treatment modality and indicator for determining patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10875280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bile acids, gut microbiota, and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Yang Song, Harry Ch Lau, Xiang Zhang, Jun Yu","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0394","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy. The interplay between bile acids (BAs) and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression. Under normal conditions, BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and BAs. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism, and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal homeostasis. Of note, dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis, thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis, and ultimately contributing to HCC development. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism, with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in HCC. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed, including the use of BA agonists/antagonists, probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineered bacteria. In summary, understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From dichotomy to diversity: deciphering the multifaceted roles of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer progression and therapy.","authors":"Xiumei Wang, Jun Chen, Guangshuai Jia","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0370","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138814092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation profiles in cancer: functions, therapy, and beyond.","authors":"Jinrong Zhu, Yongjie Yang, Li Li, Jiuren Tang, Rongxin Zhang","doi":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0403","DOIUrl":"10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9611,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biology & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138814090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}