Carolin Aizouki , Weilin Qiu , Graeme K. Loh , Mark D.J. Greve , Matthew T.S. Tennant , Parampal S. Grewal , Mark E. Seamone , Amit V. Mishra
{"title":"Surgical outcomes of small and medium macular holes with or without use of internal limiting membrane flaps","authors":"Carolin Aizouki , Weilin Qiu , Graeme K. Loh , Mark D.J. Greve , Matthew T.S. Tennant , Parampal S. Grewal , Mark E. Seamone , Amit V. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the long-term visual and anatomical outcomes of the inverted flap technique in small-to-medium sized macular holes (MH).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective chart review.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Consecutive patients who underwent macular hole surgery at a single retina center in Alberta, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Macular hole surgeries were stratified on the basis of size. Postsurgical visual outcomes and hole closure rates were captured. Large holes were excluded from analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 239 medium and 252 small holes were included; 65 medium and 40 small holes had internal limited membrane (ILM) flaps. In the small MH group, mean hole size was 170.7 μm, and visual gain averaged 6.4 ETDRS letters, with no significant difference based on surgical technique (<em>p</em> = 0.7). All small holes closed with ILM flapping with 4 (2%) of the ILM peels not closing, this was not significant (<em>p</em> = 0.4). In medium MH, mean hole size was 320.9 μm, and visual gain averaged 11.9 ETDRS letters, with no significant difference based on surgical technique (<em>p</em> = 0.5). All medium holes closed with ILM flapping, with 8 (5%) of the standard ILM peel not closing; this was not significant (<em>p</em> = 0.08).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was no significant difference in either surgical closure rates or visual acuity gains when comparing ILM peeling to the flap technique for both small and medium-sized MH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":"60 5","pages":"Pages 314-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex L Jin, Sean E Pak, Grant C Hilliard, Joseph W Fong, Priscilla April O Lao
{"title":"Dupilumab-induced eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking giant cell arteritis.","authors":"Alex L Jin, Sean E Pak, Grant C Hilliard, Joseph W Fong, Priscilla April O Lao","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jobanpreet Dhillon, Kevin Min, Matthew P Quinn, Bernard Hurley
{"title":"Central retinal vein occlusion in a healthy female patient with etonogestrel contraceptive implant: a case report.","authors":"Jobanpreet Dhillon, Kevin Min, Matthew P Quinn, Bernard Hurley","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physician reimbursement for strabismus surgery across provinces and territories in Canada","authors":"Kaylin O'Hara , Nicole Costanzo , Vishaal Bhambhwani","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Inadequate financial reimbursements in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (POS) are held responsible for the declining interest of ophthalmology graduates, leading to serious workforce concerns. The purpose of this study is to review physician reimbursements for strabismus surgery across provinces and territories in Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The manuals for physician remuneration for provinces/territories in Canada were reviewed in 2023 and 2024; strabismus surgery and routine cataract surgery billing codes with their respective compensation were extracted. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Physician reimbursement for 1-muscle strabismus surgery varied from $369 (Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador) to $835 (Yukon) before April 2023 and from $369 (Newfoundland and Labrador) to $891 (Yukon) after April 2023. For 5-muscle surgery, the values were $502 (Prince Edward Island) to $1723 (Manitoba) before, and $512 (Prince Edward Island) to $2626 (Ontario) after April 2023 [ANOVA test statistically significant, <em>p</em> < 0.0001 for both]. Two out of 12 (17%) provinces/territories do not pay for adjustable sutures, 4/12 (33%) for reoperations, 7/12 (58%) for more complex strabismus procedures, at present. Before April 2023, mean reimbursement for 1-muscle strabismus surgery was $529 ± 149.7, and for cataract surgery, it was $489 ± 168.7; <em>p</em> = 0.5453. After April 2023, the values were $551 ± 151.4 and $496.4 ± 176.7, respectively; <em>p</em> = 0.4251. Four out of 12 (33%) and 3/12 (25%) provinces/territories paid more for cataract compared to 1-muscle strabismus surgery before and after April 2023, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is high variability in payments for the same strabismus procedures across provinces/territories in Canada. Physician reimbursement issues may lead to POS workforce concerns and limit access to care.</div></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><div>La rémunération insuffisante est tenue responsable de la baisse de l’intérêt des finissants en ophtalmologie envers l’ophtalmologie pédiatrique et le traitement du strabisme, ce qui soulève de graves inquiétudes en matière de relève. Nous examinons donc la rémunération des médecins pour le traitement chirurgical du strabisme dans les provinces et territoires du Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Nous avons passé en revue les manuels de rémunération des médecins pour les provinces/territoires du Canada en 2023 et en 2024; on en a extrait les codes de facturation de la chirurgie du strabisme et de la chirurgie de la cataracte de routine et la rémunération de ces 2 types de chirurgie. Les tests statistiques appropriés ont servi à analyser les données.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>La rémunération pour la chirurgie du strabisme portant sur 1 seul muscle variait comme suit : de 369 $ (Ontario et Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) à 835 ","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":"60 5","pages":"Pages e744-e747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keyu Hu , Jin Wang , Qing Sang, Dapeng Mou, Ye Zhang, Ningli Wang
{"title":"Five-year reoperation rates after Schlemm's canal-based glaucoma surgery versus trabeculectomy","authors":"Keyu Hu , Jin Wang , Qing Sang, Dapeng Mou, Ye Zhang, Ningli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare 5-year reoperation<span> rates between Schlemm's canal<span><span> (SC)-based glaucoma surgery and </span>trabeculectomy (Trab), and to identify risk factors for reoperations.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective case series.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included patients who underwent glaucoma surgery between January 2017 and December 2021. Propensity score matching<span> was used to identify comparable participants among groups. SC-based glaucoma surgery included gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy<span>, microcatheter-assisted trabeculotomy, ab-interno canaloplasty, canaloplasty, and trabectome. The primary outcome was unanticipated reoperations after the original procedure. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis compared reoperation rates between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified risk factors for reoperation.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final analysis included 112 eyes (106 patients) in the SC-based glaucoma surgery group and 147 eyes (137 patients) in the Trab group. The 5-year cumulative reoperation rate was significantly higher in the Trab group compared to the SC-based glaucoma surgery group (15.4% [93/604] vs 11.9% [72/604], respectively, and <em>p</em><span> = 0.045). Uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) was the primary indication for reoperations in both groups. Trab surgery, higher preoperative IOP, greater number of preoperative medications, and previous glaucoma surgery history were independent risk factors for reoperation.</span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SC-based glaucoma surgery showed a significantly lower 5-year reoperation rate than Trab, indicating a more favourable long-term safety profile. Trab surgery, higher preoperative IOP, more preoperative medications, and previous glaucoma surgery history were identified as independent risk factors for reoperation, which may help identify patients at higher risk for reoperation and potentially improve postoperative management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":"60 5","pages":"Pages e672-e679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heiko Stino , Klaudia Birner , Irene Steiner , Laetitia Hinterhuber , Markus Gumpinger , Simon Schürer-Waldheim , Hrvoje Bogunovic , Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth , Gregor S. Reiter , Andreas Pollreisz
{"title":"Correlation of point-wise retinal sensitivity with localized features of diabetic macular edema using deep learning","authors":"Heiko Stino , Klaudia Birner , Irene Steiner , Laetitia Hinterhuber , Markus Gumpinger , Simon Schürer-Waldheim , Hrvoje Bogunovic , Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth , Gregor S. Reiter , Andreas Pollreisz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between localized features of diabetic macular edema (DME) and point-wise retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed with microperimetry (MP) using deep learning (DL)-based automated quantification on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty eyes of 20 subjects with clinically significant DME were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with DME visible on OCT scans (Spectralis Heidelberg Retina Angiograph [HRA]+OCT) completed 2 MP examinations using a custom 45 stimuli grid on MAIA (CenterVue). MP stimuli were coregistered with the corresponding OCT location using image registration algorithms. DL-based algorithms were used to quantify intraretinal fluid (IRF) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) thickness. Hard exudates (HEs) were quantified semiautomatically. Multivariable mixed-effect models were calculated to investigate the association between DME-specific OCT features and point-wise RS. As EZ thickness values below HEs were excluded, the models included either EZ thickness or HEs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1800 MP stimuli from 20 eyes of 20 patients were analyzed. Stimuli with IRF (n = 568) showed significantly decreased RS compared to areas without (estimate [95% CI]: −1.11 dB [−1.69, −0.52]; <em>p</em> = 0.0002). IRF volume was significantly negatively (−0.45 dB/nL [−0.71; −0.18]; <em>p</em> = 0.001) and EZ thickness positively (0.14 dB/µm [0.1; 0.19]; <em>p</em> < 0.0001) associated with localized point-wise RS. In the multivariable mixed model, including HE volume instead of EZ thickness, a negative impact on RS was observed (−0.43/0.1 nL [−0.81; −0.05]; <em>p</em> = 0.027).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DME-specific features, as analyzed on OCT, have a significant impact on point-wise RS. IRF and HE volume showed a negative and EZ thickness, a positive association with localized RS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":"60 5","pages":"Pages 297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tu-An Ma , Khizar Rana , Jessica Y. Tong , Katja Ullrich , Sandy Patel , Dinesh Selva
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in preseptal ferromagnetic foreign bodies","authors":"Tu-An Ma , Khizar Rana , Jessica Y. Tong , Katja Ullrich , Sandy Patel , Dinesh Selva","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To review the literature on safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with preseptal ferromagnetic foreign bodies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We describe 3 cases of MRI in patients with preseptal ferromagnetic foreign bodies (FFBs) from our institution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The FFBs were all preseptal, adjacent to the medial canthus (n = 2) and lateral canthus (n = 1). None of the patients had any ocular complications post-MRI. The literature review identified an additional 7 cases with intraocular and preseptal FFBs that underwent MRI. The FFBs ranged in size from 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm. The FFBs were intraocular (n = 6), or preseptal (n = 1). The MRI field strength ranged from 0.35 T to 1.5 T. Five (83.3%) of the patients with intraocular FFBs had ocular complications, which included hyphema (n = 2), cataract (n = 3), vitreous haemorrhage (n = 1), and corneal scar (n = 1). The patient with preseptal FFB did not have post-MRI complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is some evidence to suggest that patients with preseptal FFBs may be less likely to experience complications post-MRI compared to intraocular FFBs. Various factors affect the safety of MRIs, including FFB location, size, proximity to visually-significant structures, and MRI field strength.</div></div><div><h3>Objectif</h3><div>Passer en revue la littérature médicale sur l’innocuité de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) chez des patients porteurs de corps étrangers ferromagnétiques dans l’espace préseptal.</div></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><div>Nous décrivons ici des examens d’IRM réalisés à notre établissement chez 3 patients porteurs de corps étrangers ferromagnétiques (CEF) dans l’espace préseptal.</div></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><div>Les CEF se situaient tous dans l’espace préseptal, soit dans la zone adjacente au canthus interne (n = 2) et au canthus externe (n = 1). Aucun patient n’a présenté de complication oculaire après l’IRM. La revue de la littérature médicale a fait ressortir 7 autres cas de CEF dans l’espace intraoculaire ou préseptal soumis à une IRM. La taille des CEF s’échelonnait de 1,0 mm à 3,5 mm. Les CEF se situaient dans l’espace intraoculaire (n = 6) ou préseptal (n = 1). L’intensité du champ de l’IRM variait de 0,35 T à 1,5 T. Ainsi, 5 patients (83,3 %) porteurs de CEF intraoculaires ont subi des complications oculaires : hyphéma (n = 2), cataracte (n = 3), hémorragie du vitré (n = 1) et cicatrice cornéenne (n = 1). Le patient porteur de CEF dans l’espace préseptal n’a subi aucune complication à la suite de l’IRM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Selon certaines données, les porteurs de CEF dans l’espace préseptal seraient moins susceptibles de subir des complications après une IRM, comparativement à ceux dont les CEF sont de nature intraoculaire. Divers facteurs influent sur l’innocuité de l’IRM, notamment la localisation des CEF, leur taille, leur proximité à des ","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":"60 5","pages":"Pages e707-e712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}