Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献_第9页

A continuous improvement agenda for WHO's normative and standard-setting functions. 世卫组织准则和标准制定职能的持续改进议程。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.292540

Lisa Askie, Kidist Bartolomeos, Jeremy Farrar, Mubashar Sheikh

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Voluntary versus mandatory food labels, Australia. 自愿与强制食品标签，澳大利亚。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291629

Alexandra Jones, Damian Maganja, Maria Shahid, Bruce Neal, Simone Pettigrew

{"title":"Voluntary versus mandatory food labels, Australia.","authors":"Alexandra Jones, Damian Maganja, Maria Shahid, Bruce Neal, Simone Pettigrew","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291629","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291629","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare uptake of the voluntary Health Star Rating front-of-pack nutrition labelling system with uptake of a mostly mandatory country-of-origin label in Australia over a similar period.Methods: We used data on numbers and proportions of products carrying health stars and country-of-origin labelling recorded annually between 2015 and 2023 through surveys of four large Australian food retailers. We determined the proportion of products with health stars and country-of-origin labels for each year by dividing the number of products carrying each label by the total number eligible to carry that label.Findings: The uptake of the voluntary Health Star Rating increased steadily between 2014 and 2018, reaching a maximum of 42% (8587/20 286) of products in 2021 before decreasing to 39% (8572/22 147) in 2023. Mandatory country-of-origin labelling uptake rose rapidly and was found on 93% (17 567/18 923) of products in 2023. In categories where country-of-origin labelling was voluntary, uptake by 2023 was 48% (3313/6925). In our 2023 sample of 22 147 products, 11 055 (50%) carried country-of-origin labelling only, 7466 (35%) carried both health star and country-of-origin labelling, 1106 (5%) carried health star labels only and 2520 (11%) carried neither label.Conclusion: The experience with country-of-origin labelling shows that widespread and rapid food labelling change can be achieved when required by law. The Australian government should mandate the Health Star Rating without delay. Australia's experience supports other jurisdictions in implementing mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling as well as updates to global guidance to recognize mandatory labelling as best-practice in delivering benefits to consumers.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"691-698"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A WHO remit to improve global standards for medical products of human origin. 世卫组织的一项任务是改进全球人源医疗产品标准。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291569

Eoin McGrath, Marisa R Herson, Matthew J Kuehnert, Karen Moniz, Zbigniew M Szczepiorkowski, Timothy L Pruett

{"title":"A WHO remit to improve global standards for medical products of human origin.","authors":"Eoin McGrath, Marisa R Herson, Matthew J Kuehnert, Karen Moniz, Zbigniew M Szczepiorkowski, Timothy L Pruett","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291569","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291569","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, considerable advances have been made in assuring the safety of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. However, with the increasing movement of medical products of human origin across international boundaries, there is a need to enhance global norms and governance. These products, which include blood, organs, tissues, cells, human milk and faecal microbiota, are today crucial for health care but they also pose unique risks due to their human origin, such as disease transmission and graft failure. Moreover, the demand for medical products of human origin often exceeds supply, leading to dependence on international supply chains, and emerging technologies like cell and gene therapy present further challenges because of their unproven efficacy and long-term risks. Current regulatory mechanisms, especially in low- and middle-income countries, are insufficient. The World Health Organization (WHO) has both the mandate and experience to lead the development of international quality and safety standards, consistent product nomenclature, and robust traceability and biovigilance systems. An international, multistakeholder approach is critical for addressing the complexities of how medical products of human origin are used globally and for ensuring their safety. This approach will require promoting uniform product descriptions, enhancing digital communication systems and leveraging existing resources to support countries in establishing regulations for these products. As illustrated by World Health Assembly resolution WHA77.4 on transplantation in 2024, WHO's ongoing efforts to ensure the safe, efficient and ethical use of medical products of human origin worldwide provide the opportunity to galvanize international cooperation on establishing norms.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"707-714"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community engagement in WHO guideline development. 社区参与世卫组织指南的制定。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291579

Manjulaa Narasimhan, Patricia Mahecha Gutiérrez, Zoë Osborne, Muluba Habanyama, Karrie Worster, Carrie Martin, Angela Kaida

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Policy dimensions of global wastewater surveillance. 全球废水监控的政策层面。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.292245

Megan B Diamond, Toni Whistler, Karina Rando, Chioma Nwachukwu, Mukhlid Yousif

引用次数: 0

Public health round-up. 公共卫生综述。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.010924

引用次数: 0

District-level monitoring of universal health coverage, India. 印度县级全民医保监测。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290854

Arnab Mukherji, Megha Rao, Sapna Desai, S V Subramanian, Gagandeep Kang, Vikram Patel

{"title":"District-level monitoring of universal health coverage, India.","authors":"Arnab Mukherji, Megha Rao, Sapna Desai, S V Subramanian, Gagandeep Kang, Vikram Patel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290854","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290854","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To develop a framework and index for measuring universal health coverage (UHC) at the district level in India and to assess progress towards UHC in the districts.Methods: We adapted the framework of the World Health Organization and World Bank to develop a district-level UHC index (UHC d ). We used routinely collected health survey and programme data in India to calculate UHC d for 687 districts from geometric means of 24 tracer indicators in five tracer domains: reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health; infectious diseases; noncommunicable diseases; service capacity and access; and financial risk protection. UHC d is on a scale of 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating better performance. We also assessed the degree of inequality within districts using a subset of 14 tracer indicators. The disadvantaged subgroups were based on four inequality dimensions: wealth quintile, urban-rural location, religion and social group.Findings: The median UHC d was 43.9% (range: 26.4 to 69.4). Substantial geographical differences existed, with districts in southern states having higher UHC d than elsewhere in India. Service coverage indicator levels were greater than 60%, except for noncommunicable diseases and for service capacity and access. Health insurance coverage was limited, with about 10% of the population facing catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditure. Substantial wealth-based disparities in UHC were seen within districts.Conclusion: Our study shows that UHC can be measured at the local level and can help national and subnational government develop prioritization frameworks by identifying health-care delivery and geographic hotspots where limited progress towards UHC is being made.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 9","pages":"630-638B"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wastewater surveillance to track influenza viruses. 跟踪流感病毒的废水监测。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.292285

Leshan Xiu, Kun Yin

引用次数: 0

Health worker protests and the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis. 卫生工作者抗议与 COVID-19 大流行：间断时间序列分析。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290330

Kartik Sharma, Sorcha Brophy, Michael Law, Veena Sriram

{"title":"Health worker protests and the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis.","authors":"Kartik Sharma, Sorcha Brophy, Michael Law, Veena Sriram","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290330","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290330","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on protests by health workers.Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of data from 159 countries for 2 years before and after the World Health Organization classified COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020, thus between 2018 and 2022. We produced models examining two main outcomes: (i) the total weekly number of health worker protests globally; and (ii) the number of countries with one or more health worker protests in a given week.Findings: In total, there were 18 322 health worker protests in 133 countries between 2018 and 2022. The number of weekly health worker protests globally increased by 47% (30.1/63.5), an increase of 30.1 protests per week (95% confidence interval, CI: 11.7-48.6) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the number of countries experiencing such protests in a given week increased by 24% (5.7/24.1) following the declaration of the pandemic (an increase of 5.7 countries; 95% CI: 3.5-7.8).Conclusion: The pandemic increased the overall level of health worker protests globally as well as the number of countries experiencing such protests. These protests highlight discontent in the health workforce. Given the ongoing global health workforce crisis, understanding and addressing the drivers of health worker discontent is important for global health policy and security.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 9","pages":"650-656"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical device management reform, United Republic of Tanzania. 医疗器械管理改革，坦桑尼亚联合共和国。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290636

Ally Kebby Abdallah, Suniva Haule, Reinhold Werlein, Valentino Mvanga, Patrick Delcroix, Jasmina Saric, Manfred Stoermer

{"title":"Medical device management reform, United Republic of Tanzania.","authors":"Ally Kebby Abdallah, Suniva Haule, Reinhold Werlein, Valentino Mvanga, Patrick Delcroix, Jasmina Saric, Manfred Stoermer","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290636","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290636","url":null,"abstract":"Health-care technology is central to boosting the productivity and quality of health-care systems. In many sub-Saharan African countries, however, medical device management systems are weak or absent. The aim of this article is to illustrate, using a case study, how policy reforms can help ensure policy on health-care technology is translated into everyday practice and how an integrated systems approach can enhance the operation of medical device management. Between 2011 and 2023, a plan to improve medical device management systems in the United Republic of Tanzania was developed and implemented through Swiss-Tanzanian cooperation within the Health Promotion and System Strengthening Project. The availability of biomedical engineers was increased through new training courses and the creation of permanent positions in government. Moreover, additional district and regional maintenance and repair workshops were built, and a National Centre for Calibration and Training was established to ensure the correct functioning of medical devices. The introduction of an electronic medical device management system provided health facilities and the health ministry with data on the operational status of medical devices and the need for repairs and spare parts. Every level of government was encouraged to allocate more human and financial resources to medical device management. Following this decade-long effort, the percentage of functioning equipment increased substantially, and costs were reduced by repairing rather than replacing equipment. The project also demonstrated the value of an integrated, system-strengthening approach that considered personnel, maintenance and repair facilities, documentation and management, and government policy and budgeting.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 9","pages":"665-673"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0