Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"Using the WHO-INTEGRATE framework to develop a COVID-19 guideline for schools, Germany.","authors":"Eva A Rehfuess, Lisa Pfadenhauer, Monika Nothacker, Brigitte Strahwald","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291550","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reliable, globally applicable recommendations for safe and continuous school operations were lacking.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>In October 2020, the German Association of Scientific Medical Societies' task force for COVID-19 guidelines and public health researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München initiated the rapid development of a living evidence- and consensus-based guideline to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission in schools. To facilitate transparent, structured and comprehensive decision-making with a whole-of-society perspective, they applied the WHO-INTEGRATE evidence-to-decision framework. This framework supported a broad, multisectoral composition of the guideline panel. The panel used newly synthesized evidence on nine school measures. Participating medical societies or the guideline secretariat completed evidence-to-decision tables. They also drafted recommendations for the guideline panel, who discussed and revised them during moderated consensus conferences.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>In Germany, each state is responsible for organizing schooling. The German Association of Scientific Medical Societies coordinates development of evidence- and consensus-based guidelines.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>The first version of the guideline was published in February 2021, and the guideline dissemination created much media attention. Of the 16 state education ministries, almost all knew about the guideline, nine recognized it as a relevant source of information and five used it to check existing directives.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>The WHO-INTEGRATE framework facilitated a comprehensive assessment of school measures from the start of guideline development, considering the broad societal impact of the measures. Using the framework in rapid mode was feasible, but it fell short of its potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"742-748"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health round-up.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.011024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.011024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"685-686"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing immunization coverage, Solomon Islands, 2022.","authors":"Reta Angessa, Rockson Siliota, Jenniffer Anga, Tracy Kofela, Sonja Tanevska, Nemia Bainvalu, Pauline McNeil, Howard L Sobel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291084","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>The Malaita and Western provinces in Solomon Islands had low routine immunization coverage due to disruptions in health services caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in early 2022.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The country introduced the World Health Organization (WHO) Reaching Every District (RED) approach in 2002. Between July and September 2022, we strengthened supportive supervision, monitoring and use of data for decision-making, especially for microplanning and re-establishing outreach to prioritized areas. Health workers were supported to identify key concerns and develop strategies to improve performance. Monthly updates of reported immunization coverage, reporting completeness and fieldwork findings were widely disseminated.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>Solomon Islands' population is 748 606 people, of whom 165 345 reside in Malaita and 105 367 in Western Province.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>In Malaita Province, reported coverage of third dose of pentavalent vaccine and first dose of measles-rubella vaccine increased from 40% (757/1892) of eligible children to 121% (1144/946) and from 30% (568/1892) to 159% (1504/946), respectively; and in Western Province reported coverage increased from 38% (443/1165) to 191% (1113/583) and from 44% (513/1165) to 149% (868/583), respectively. Reported coverage for the remaining provinces increased from 64% (3380/5282) to 88% (2325/2641) and from 59% (3116/5282) to 137% (3619/2641), respectively. These findings led the programme on immunization to re-expand the WHO RED approach nationwide.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Supportive supervision, systematic monitoring and use of data for decision-making helped restoring reported immunization coverage in two low-coverage provinces. However, sustaining these results at a national level is necessary. The WHO RED approach remains relevant, even during a pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"736-741"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the value of the <i>WHO Model list of essential medicines</i>.","authors":"Elizabeth F Peacocke, Elina Dale, Amani Thomas Mori, Augustina Koduah, Unni Gopinathan","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292521","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.292521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"684-684A"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for impact evaluation of WHO's normative output.","authors":"Catherine Regis, Gaelle Foucault, Jean-Louis Denis, Pierre Larouche, Miriam Cohen","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292518","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.292518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"683-683A"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of the RESPECT framework to prevent violence against women, Indonesia.","authors":"Alegra Wolter, Yuniyanti Chuzaifah, Aflina Mustafainah, Nunik Nurjanah, Ali A Ramly, Eni Widiyanti, Norcahyo B Waskito, Yuni Asriyanti, Cresti E Fitriana, Sri Wahyuni, Risya Kori, Dirna Mayasari, Agusmia P Haerani, Yasmin Purba, Inga Williams","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291479","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Violence against women is a global health problem. Effectively preventing such violence requires locally adapted strategies.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The World Health Organization in Indonesia, in collaboration with United Nations (UN) Population Fund, UN Women, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Development Programme and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, launched capacity-building initiatives to introduce RESPECT as an evidence-based framework to address violence against women. The initiatives included stakeholder engagement, module development, sensitization training, a workshop and evaluation sessions. These sessions introduced RESPECT strategies to government officials, UN officers and community representatives, mapped best practices and developed action plans.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>Indonesia has a substantial burden of violence against women, despite numerous laws and policies to combat it. The 2021 Indonesian violence against women survey showed that 26.1% (3341/12 800) of women aged 15-64 years had experienced violence in their lifetime, with 8.7% (1114/12 800) experiencing violence in the past year.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>The initiatives to introduce RESPECT led to securing government support, and verbal commitment was given by the Director for the Protection of Women's Rights against Domestic Violence and Vulnerability to integrate RESPECT into the 2025-2029 National Development Plan and National Strategy for Reducing Violence Against Women.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>RESPECT can be adapted to local contexts through customization and capacity-building and by ensuring initial government support, dedicated personnel, resource allocation and use of established relationships with key stakeholders. Improved research, monitoring and evaluation are vital to promote evidence-informed decision-making, together with community engagement and multistakeholder collaboration. The UN can facilitate these efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"730-735"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of WHO COVID-19 guidelines by Caribbean countries and territories.","authors":"Tracy Evans-Gilbert, Edmund Blades, Ronela Boodoosingh, Michael H Campbell, Celia Dc Christie, Marvin Manzanero, Janice Mullings-George, Earl Ottley, Cil-Maria Outerbridge, Natasha P Sobers, Tamu Davidson, Rian M Extavour, Joy St John, Ludovic Reveiz, Begona Sagastuy, Ignacio Neumann","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290796","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The normative role of the World Health Organization (WHO) involves creating evidence-based, principled guidelines to guide its Member States in making well-informed public health decisions. While these guidelines often need to be adapted to ensure contextual relevance, foster better implementation and adherence, adapting existing guidelines is more efficient than creating new ones. Here we describe the adaptation of the WHO coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living guideline on pharmacological interventions for the Caribbean using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT method. The Caribbean Public Health Agency and the Pan American Health Organization led the effort, assembling a diverse panel of 16 experts from seven Caribbean countries and territories. The adaptation process, involving 15 steps, was guided by an experienced methodologist and included selecting relevant clinical questions and prioritizing them based on regional needs. The panel evaluated the latest WHO guidelines and integrated additional local data. They adjusted the direction and strength of several recommendations to better fit the Caribbean context, considering local values and preferences, resources, accessibility, feasibility and impact on health equity. Ultimately, we changed the direction of two recommendations and the strength of five, tailoring them to regional realities. This effort highlights the importance of adapting global guidelines to local settings, improving their applicability and effectiveness. The adaptation process also serves as a valuable opportunity for skill transfer and capacity-building in guideline development. Continued research is needed to assess the impact of these adaptations on health-care outcomes in the Caribbean.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"699-706"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of living evidence syntheses in health policy.","authors":"Samantha Chakraborty, Tanja Kuchenmüller, John Lavis, Fadi El-Jardali, Laurenz Mahlanza-Langer, Sally Green, Ludovic Reveiz, Victoria Carter, Emma McFarlane, Cheryl Pace, Lisa Askie, Fiona Glen, Tari Turner","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290540","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"757-759"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>WHO Model list of essential medicines</i>: visions for the future.","authors":"Thomas Piggott, Lorenzo Moja, Benedikt Huttner, Patrick Okwen, Mario Carlo B Raviglione, Tamara Kredo, Holger J Schünemann","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292359","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.292359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first version of the <i>World Health Organization Model list of essential medicines</i> contained 186 medicines in 1977 and has evolved to include 502 medicines in 2023. Over time, different articles criticized the methods and process for decisions; however, the list holds global relevance as a model list to over 150 national lists. Given the global use of the model list, reflecting on its future role is imperative to understand how the list should evolve and respond to the needs of Member States. In 2023, the model list Expert Committee recommended the World Health Organization (WHO) to initiate a process to revise the procedures for updating the model list and the criteria guiding decisions. Here, we offer an agenda outlining priority areas and a vision for an authoritative model list. The main areas include improving transparency and trustworthiness of the recommendations; strengthening connection to national lists; and continuing the debate on the principles that should guide the model list, in particular the role of cost and price of essential medicines. These reflections are intended to support efforts ensuring the continued impact of this policy tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"722-729"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building sustainable capacity to adopt, adapt or develop child health guidelines, Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa.","authors":"Tamara Kredo, Solange Durão, Emmanuel Effa, Celeste Naude, Michael McCaul, Amanda Brand, Simon Lewin, Claire Glenton, Susan Munabi-Babigumira, Elodie Besnier, Trudy D Leong, Bey-Marie Schmidt, Nyanyiwe Mbeye, Ameer Hohlfeld, Anke Rohwer, Tandekile Lubelwana Hafver, Nicolas Delvaux, Lungiswa Nkonki, Funeka Bango, Emma Thompson, Sara Cooper","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291564","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Many national child health guidelines in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa are outdated and score poorly on rigorous methods and stakeholder participation.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>In line with the World Health Organization's (WHO) emphasis on local guideline contextualization, the Global Evidence-Local Adaptation (GELA) project supported multistakeholder processes to adapt evidence-informed recommendations for child health in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa. The GELA project team convened national steering groups, which conducted structured, iterative priority-setting exercises to identify priority topics. We identified appropriate source guidelines by systematically searching and screening available guidelines. We then matched recommendations in potential source guidelines to the relevant questions, and assessed the guidelines for timeliness and quality. Drawing on WHO's guideline process, we applied the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT process to develop contextualized recommendations from existing guidelines. If no source guideline or reviews were identified, we conducted new evidence syntheses.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa are countries with varying health priorities and systems, all transitioning to universal health coverage. Guideline structures differ between countries, with processes largely led from national health ministries.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>National guideline groups, supported by GELA researchers and government-academic partners, developed five contextually-tailored child health recommendations. For most of these recommendations, additional evidence was required to inform contextually appropriate national decision-making. Formal capacity-building and on-the-job learning enhanced the competencies of national contributors and researchers in evidence-informed decision-making.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Developing context-relevant recommendations requires considerable resources and time. Further investment in strengthening local capacity is needed for sustainable national guideline development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"102 10","pages":"749-756"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}