Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献_第10页

Effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation intervention for health-care systems: a systematic review. 医疗保健系统温室气体减排干预措施的有效性：系统综述。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290464

Iris Martine Blom, Mohamed Eissa, Juliette Claudine Mattijsen, Hamaiyal Sana, Andy Haines, Sarah Whitmee

{"title":"Effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation intervention for health-care systems: a systematic review.","authors":"Iris Martine Blom, Mohamed Eissa, Juliette Claudine Mattijsen, Hamaiyal Sana, Andy Haines, Sarah Whitmee","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290464","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290464","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify evidence-based interventions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries and explore potential synergies from these interventions that aid climate change adaptation while mitigating emissions.Methods: We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for articles published between 1990 and March 2023. We assessed risk of bias in each article and graded the quality of evidence across interventions in health-care operations, energy and supply chains.Findings: After screening 25 570 unique records, we included 22 studies published between 2000 and 2022 from 11 countries across six World Health Organization regions. Identified articles reported on interventions spanning six different sources of emissions, namely energy, waste, heating and cooling, operations and logistics, building design and anaesthetic gases; all of which demonstrated potential for significant greenhouse gas emission reductions, cost savings and positive health impacts. The overall quality of evidence is low because of wide variation in greenhouse gas emissions measuring and reporting.Conclusion: There are opportunities to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries, but gaps in evidence were identified across sources of emissions, such as the supply chain, as well as a lack of consideration of interactions with adaptation goals. As efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas intensify, rigorous monitoring, evaluation and reporting of these efforts are needed. Such actions will contribute to a strong evidence base that can inform policy-makers across contexts.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early iron supplementation in exclusively breastfed Gambian infants: a randomized controlled trial. 纯母乳喂养的冈比亚婴儿早期补铁：随机对照试验。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.289942

Mamadou Bah, Isabella Stelle, Hans Verhoef, Alasana Saidykhan, Sophie E Moore, Bubacarr Susso, Andrew M Prentice, Carla Cerami

{"title":"Early iron supplementation in exclusively breastfed Gambian infants: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mamadou Bah, Isabella Stelle, Hans Verhoef, Alasana Saidykhan, Sophie E Moore, Bubacarr Susso, Andrew M Prentice, Carla Cerami","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.289942","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.289942","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the effect of daily iron supplementation for 14 weeks on the serum iron concentration and other markers of iron status in exclusively breastfed infants in Gambia.Methods: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial was performed in rural Gambia between 3 August 2021 and 9 March 2022. Overall, 101 healthy, exclusively breastfed infants aged 6 to 10 weeks were recruited at vaccination clinics and through community health workers. Infants were randomized to receive iron supplementation (7.5 mg/day as ferrous sulfate in sorbitol solution) or placebo for 98 days. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and on day 99 to assess the serum iron concentration and other markers of iron and haematological status.Findings: At day 99, the serum iron concentration was significantly higher in the iron supplementation group than the placebo group (crude difference in means: 2.5 µmol/L; 95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 4.3) and there were significant improvements in other iron and haematological markers. There were 10 serious adverse events (five in each group), 106 non-serious adverse events (54 with iron supplementation; 52 with placebo) and no deaths. There was no marked difference between the groups in maternally reported episodes of diarrhoea, fever, cough, skin infection, eye infection or nasal discharge.Conclusion: In exclusively breastfed Gambian infants, iron supplementation from 6 weeks of age was associated with a significant improvement in markers of iron status at around 6 months of age. There was no indication of adverse effects on growth or infections.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shedding light on occupational exposure to the sun. 揭示职业性暴晒的危害。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.020324

引用次数: 0

Machine learning in health financing: benefits, risks and regulatory needs. 医疗融资中的机器学习：效益、风险和监管需求。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290333

Inke Mathauer, Maarten Oranje

{"title":"Machine learning in health financing: benefits, risks and regulatory needs.","authors":"Inke Mathauer, Maarten Oranje","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290333","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290333","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing use of machine learning for the health financing functions (revenue raising, pooling and purchasing), yet evidence lacks for its effects on the universal health coverage (UHC) objectives. This paper provides a synopsis of the use cases of machine learning and their potential benefits and risks. The assessment reveals that the various use cases of machine learning for health financing have the potential to affect all the UHC intermediate objectives - the equitable distribution of resources (both positively and negatively); efficiency (primarily positively); and transparency (both positively and negatively). There are also both positive and negative effects on all three UHC final goals, that is, utilization of health services in line with need, financial protection and quality care. When the use of machine learning facilitates or simplifies health financing tasks that are counterproductive to UHC objectives, there are various risks - for instance risk selection, cost reductions at the expense of quality care, reduced financial protection or over-surveillance. Whether the effects of using machine learning are positive or negative depends on how and for which purpose the technology is applied. Therefore, specific health financing guidance and regulations, particularly for (voluntary) health insurance, are needed. To inform the development of specific health financing guidance and regulation, we propose several key policy and research questions. To gain a better understanding of how machine learning affects health financing for UHC objectives, more systematic and rigorous research should accompany the application of machine learning.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public health round-up. 公共卫生综述。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.010324

引用次数: 0

In this month’s Bulletin 本月公告

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.2471/blt.11.000611

Tim Nguyen, Andreas Kalk, Emily Leung

引用次数: 0

Tuberculosis contact tracing, Angola. 结核病接触追踪，安哥拉。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290068

Joan Martínez-Campreciós, Eva Gil, Sandra Aixut, Milagros Moreno, Adriano Zacarias, Arlete Nindia, Estevao Gabriel, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Maria Luisa Aznar, Israel Molina

{"title":"Tuberculosis contact tracing, Angola.","authors":"Joan Martínez-Campreciós, Eva Gil, Sandra Aixut, Milagros Moreno, Adriano Zacarias, Arlete Nindia, Estevao Gabriel, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Maria Luisa Aznar, Israel Molina","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290068","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290068","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the outcomes of a contact-tracing programme to increase the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Cubal, Angola and offer preventive treatment to high-risk groups.Methods: A health centre-based contact-tracing programme was launched in Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz in March 2015 and we followed the programme until 2022. In that time, staffing and testing varied which we categorized as four periods: medical staff reinforcement, 2015-2017, with a doctor seconded from Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Spain; routine staff, 2017-2021, with no external medical support; community directly observed treatment (DOT), 2018-2019 with community worker support; and enhanced contact tracing, 2021-2022, with funding that allowed free chest radiographs, molecular and gastric aspirate testing. We assessed differences in contacts seen each month, and testing and treatment offered across the four periods.Findings: Overall, the programme evaluated 1978 contacts from 969 index cases. Participation in the programme was low, although it increased significantly during the community DOT period. Only 16.6% (329/1978) of contacts had a chest radiograph. Microbiological confirmation increased to 72.2% (26/36) after including molecular testing, and 10.1% (200/1978) of contacts received treatment for tuberculosis. Of 457 contacts younger than 5 years, 36 (7.9%) received preventive tuberculosis treatment. Half of the contacts were lost to follow-up before a final decision was taken on treatment.Conclusion: Contact tracing increased the diagnosis of tuberculosis although engagement with the programme was low and loss to follow-up was high. Participation increased during community DOT. Community-based screening should be explored to improve participation and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Denis Mukwege: healing the survivors of sexual violence. Denis Mukwege：治愈性暴力幸存者。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.030324

引用次数: 0

Digital health solutions to improve health care: a call for papers 改善医疗保健的数字健康解决方案：征稿启事

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.2471/blt.24.291451

Divya Lakhotia, R. Suphanchaimat, W. Patcharanarumol, Alain Labrique, V. Tangcharoensathien

引用次数: 0

2024 Global Symposium on Health Systems Research. 2024 年全球卫生系统研究研讨会。

IF 11.1 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291344

Hirotsugu Aiga, Ikuo Takizawa, Stephanie M Topp, Hitoshi Murakami, Sarah Louise Barber, Yasuhiko Kamiya, Kumanan Rasanathan, Adnan A Hyder

引用次数: 0