Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"Improving national alignment to mark 50 years of WHO's essential medicines lists.","authors":"Lorenzo Moja, Bernadette Cappello, Deusdedit Mubangizi","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.295706","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.295706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"287-287A"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health round-up.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.010526","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.010526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"288-289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National guideline development and adaptation, Egypt.","authors":"Mehrnaz Kheirandish, Malika A Tamim, Arash Rashidian, Riham El-Asady, Naeema Al Qasseer, Gasser Gad El-Kareem, Mohamed Mostafa Lotayef, Mohammed Mourad Youssif, Elie A Akl, Nathan Ford, Paul Garner","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.293024","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.293024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>In 2018, the Egyptian government enacted a universal health coverage law mandating provision of high-quality, effective and equitable health care. Achieving this mandate would require expanding availability and use of evidence-based national clinical practice and public health guidelines.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>In 2022, Egypt's Ministry of Health and Population requested support from the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish a national guideline development and adaptation programme. To inform the process, WHO conducted a situation analysis. The findings led to a collaboration between WHO and national stakeholders including the newly established Egyptian Health Council. In partnership they delivered capacity-building, developed a roadmap and implemented the programme.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>Egypt is a lower-middle income country of 117 million people. Health services are provided by agencies in public (governmental and semi-governmental) and private sectors (providers and professional syndicates). No national guideline programme existed before 2022.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>In total, 225 individuals attended the capacity-building workshops. After the council ratified the roadmap, the ministry, WHO and the council formally launched the national guideline programme in July 2024. Implementation of the programme led to clearer delineation of responsibilities, eliminated role overlaps and harmonized processes across different professional societies, teaching hospitals, nurses and allied health professionals.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Consistent, informed political support and stakeholder commitment contributed to successful implementation. WHO's approach to contextualizing global guidelines added value. Challenges included reliance on international experts, constrained resources and insufficient institutional capacity. Moving forward, sustained institutional development, coaching, monitoring and evaluation, funding and stakeholder engagement are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"350-356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice in priority-setting for research on health and climate change.","authors":"Soumyadeep Bhaumik","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294480","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"357-359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO recommendations for pregnancy and postpartum care should include hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.","authors":"Andrea Solnes Miltenburg, Albert Kihunrwa, Richard Kiritta, Joyce L Browne, Benedikte V Lindskog, Johanne Sundby, Joseph R Mwanga, Anne Cathrine Staff","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.295382","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.295382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"366-368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon emissions associated with antenatal testing for hepatitis B prophylaxis eligibility, the Gambia.","authors":"Alassane Ndiaye, Florian Motyl, Sainabou Drammeh, Bakary Dibba, Alexandra Famiglietti, Maya Whittaker, Kévin Jean, Maud Lemoine, Sylvie Boyer, Dramane Kania, Alice Nanelin Guingané, Naofumi Hashimoto, Yasuhito Tanaka, Wataru Sugiura, Kris Murray, Christopher Vandi, Umberto D'Alessandro, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Hélène Da Conceicao, Guillaume Pakula, Gibril Ndow, Yusuke Shimakawa","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294507","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the carbon footprint of three diagnostic strategies to identify pregnant women eligible for antiviral prophylaxis to prevent hepatitis B vertical transmission in the Gambia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2024, we conducted a life cycle assessment of a point-of-care polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using plasma, and a rapid diagnostic test for hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) using plasma and capillary blood across three hospitals (rural, suburban and urban) and a suburban health centre. We included all products and processes in each diagnostic strategy. The functional unit was an antenatal testing episode assessing eligibility for antiviral prophylaxis, beginning after positive hepatitis B surface antigen screening. We estimated carbon emissions in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (g CO₂e) ± uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Mean carbon emissions per strategy were significantly different between point-of-care PCR and the rapid diagnostic tests (<i>P</i>-value: 0.028): 1619.0 ± 200.6 g CO₂e (PCR), 520.4 ± 59.1 g CO₂e (plasma-based rapid diagnostic test) and 374.3 ± 50.4 g CO₂e (capillary-based test). Higher emissions with the PCR test were mainly driven by its reliance on air conditioning (759.1 g CO₂e compared with 125.2 g CO₂e for plasma-based rapid diagnostic test and 24.3 g CO₂e for capillary-based test); the test itself (290.0 g CO₂e versus 129.0 g CO₂e for rapid diagnostic tests); and PCR-specific requirements including diagnostic device (47.0 g CO₂e) and additional patient travel to collect results (255.8 g CO₂e).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that HBcrAg rapid diagnostic tests can reduce emissions substantially compared with point-of-care PCR. Our study demonstrates that life cycle assessments are feasible in resource-constrained settings and highlights the importance of integrating sustainability into hepatitis B diagnostic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"301-314"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data gaps affecting health-related sustainable development goal indicators.","authors":"Keyrellous Adib, Nagui Salama, Nicholas Letchford, Stefania Davia, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Hans Henri P Kluge, David Novillo-Ortiz","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294190","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the extent and distribution of missing data across health-related sustainable development goal (SDG) indicators in World Health Organization (WHO) regions, over time and by disaggregation and method of data collection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of health-related indicators from the United Nations SDG indicators database. Our analysis included data from 194 Member States between 2015 and 2024. We assessed the overall proportion of missing data by WHO region, variation over time, level of disaggregation, data timeliness and methods.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We observed pronounced data gaps and inconsistencies across WHO regions and over time. At the target level, about one third of targets (8 out of 27) had over 90% missing data points, while 41 of 43 indicators had more than 90% missing data in 2024, compared with 11 indicators in 2019. At least one form of disaggregation was present in 72% of indicators, yet missing data did not vary significantly by disaggregation level. Across regions, the number of indicators with over 90% missing data ranged from 12 to 16. Methodological differences also influenced data availability: indicators relying on estimates had substantially higher coverage than those based solely on empirical data; 49% relied on estimates, 35% on empirical data and 16% on a combination of both.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores critical limitations in the availability, timeliness and consistency of health-related SDG data across WHO regions, highlighting the need for strengthened data systems to support the monitoring of global health progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"315-327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical and social difficulties of addressing environmental harms related to health research.","authors":"Gabrielle Samuel, Federica Lucivero","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294139","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health research is vital to advance human well-being, but it is also a contributor to climate change and other environmental degradation. A growing bottom-up advocacy movement is engaged in developing measures (often called tools) to help researchers better understand the ways in which they can mitigate the environmental harms associated with research. While some evidence suggests benefits of using these tools, ethical and social challenges remain. These challenges include questions about: whether these tools will place undue burdens on researchers; whether the tools will be effective in supporting large-scale mitigation of environmental harm; whether using these tools to comply with mandatory requirements will divert attention away from wider discussions about what it means to conduct research in an environmentally sustainable way; and whether these tools, which have been developed in high-income countries, reinforce existing power imbalances between high- and low-income settings and/or fail to address the needs of more marginalized research communities. In this paper, we identify and describe these ethical and social issues surrounding the use of these tools. Our aim is not to discourage their use but to urge policy-makers to reflect on these challenges as they become clearer so that tools are implemented in a way that is both effective and just.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"342-349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewed focus on reducing the burden of pre-eclampsia.","authors":"Jeremy Farrar, Ayman Abdelmohsen, Helga Fogstad, Janet Ginnard, Angel Mwiche, C Danilo Nápoles Méndez, Qurrat Ul Ain, Petr Velebil, Anna Af Ugglas, Shyam Desai, Paul Guerby, Frank Louwen, Angela Makris, Amilia Afzan Mohd Jamil, Graeme Smith, Sindhu K Srinivas, Peter von Dadelszen","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.296138","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.296138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"363-365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A virus endemicity and vaccine policy, India.","authors":"Avinash R Deoshatwar, Anisha Pulinchani, Basavaraj Mathapati, Madhu Sudan, Suman Manohar Mhatre, Anuradha Patil, Supriya Hundekar, Ganesh Chandra Sahoo, Ashish Kumar, Sahil Sharma, Amrit Virk, Mushtaq Khan Kayamkhani, Suresh Choudhary, Preet Khona, Jagadish Nuchin Nuchin, Gopal Dutt, Prashant Kumar, Ragini Mishra, Laisram Raichandra Singh, Johnson Moirangthem, Mruga Dave, Abhijeet V Jadhav, B Shrinivasa, Vidya Arankalle, Kavita S Lole","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293642","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.293642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the age-stratified, hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence in eight Indian states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted in 120 rural and 105 urban population clusters across eight Indian states between 12 December 2022 and 28 November 2023. In each cluster, ten participants were randomly selected from each of the age groups: (i) 2 to 4 years; (ii) 5 to 9 years; (iii) 10 to 14 years; (iv) 15 to 30 years; and (v) > 30 years. Serum samples were tested for anti-HAV antibodies.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Overall, the HAV seroprevalence in the five age groups was 33.2% (95% confidence interval, CI: 30.4-36.2), 51.9% (95% CI: 49.0-54.8), 69.2% (95% CI: 66.6-71.8), 89.7% (95% CI: 88.6-90.8) and 97.4% (95% CI: 96.9-97.8), respectively. The female-to-male ratio was 1.52 : 1 and the HAV seroprevalence was 73.0% (4940/6768) in females versus 63.2% (2821/4453) in males. Overall, HAV endemicity was found to be high-intermediate in study groups in Gujarat, Jammu, Karnataka, Punjab and Rajasthan, high in Bihar, intermediate in Assam and low-intermediate in rural Manipur. As the overall seroprevalence for all children younger than 15 years was 51.9%, substantially more than 40% were at risk of HAV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although HAV endemicity varied widely across urban and rural study populations in the eight Indian states, it was generally high-intermediate, providing evidence that HAV endemicity in India has declined in recent years. The study's findings could help Indian policy-makers decide on HAV vaccination for children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"290-300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}