Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"In this month's Bulletin.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.000525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.000525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"285"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health round-up.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.010525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.010525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"288-289"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global assessment of urban extreme weather early warning systems and public health engagement.","authors":"Mary Catherine Sheehan, Ana Boned-Ombuena, Lucinda Cash-Gibson, Alexa Damis-Wulff, Mary A Fox","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess extreme weather early warning systems in large cities across the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among cities with populations above 1 million reporting to the Carbon Disclosure Project Cities Adaptation Actions database from 2021 to 2023, we included those providing a description of at least one adaptation action for a climate hazard in at least one year. We identified cities reporting early warning systems using the United Nations Early Warnings for All framework, which includes four pillars: risk knowledge, hazard monitoring and forecasting, warning communication and preparedness. We also tracked public health engagement in these systems.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We identified 182 cities, of which 71 described full early warning systems across the four pillars. Cities in high- and upper middle-income countries described early warning systems nearly three times more often than those in low- and lower middle-income countries. Multihazard early warning systems  were reported by 35 (49%) cities, and many of these involved institutionalized cross-sectoral coordination and funded at least one activity from their own resources. Health was reported as a goal of early warning systems by 58 (82%) cities, although just 29 (41%) indicated a specific role for public health agencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that many large cities are not covered by these health-protective systems. We recommend development of a city-specific framework for early warning systems that identifies roles for health, and scaling up of these tools, particularly in cities in low- and lower middle-income countries, to ensure strengthened adaptive urban resilience against climate threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling health outcomes of a decade of HIV, malaria and tuberculosis initiatives, Malawi.","authors":"Tara Danielle Mangal, Margherita Molaro, Dominic Nkhoma, Tim Colbourn, Joseph H Collins, Eva Janoušková, Matthew M Graham, Ines Li Lin, Emmanuel Mnjowe, Tisungane E Mwenyenkulu, Sakshi Mohan, Bingling She, Asif U Tamuri, Pakwanja D Twea, Peter Winskill, Andrew Phillips, Joseph Mfutso-Bengo, Timothy B Hallett","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the outcome of programmes on human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis and malaria in Malawi across multiple health domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an integrated epidemiological and health system model to estimate the impact of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programmes in Malawi from 2010 to 2019. We incorporated interacting disease dynamics, intervention effects and health system use in the model. We examined four scenarios, comparing actual programme delivery with hypothetical scenarios excluding the health programmes individually and collectively.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>From 2010 to 2019, an estimated 1.08 million deaths and 74.89 million disability-adjusted life years were prevented by the HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programmes. An additional 15 600 deaths from other causes were also prevented. Life expectancy increased by 13.0 years for males and 16.9 years for females. The programmes accounted for 18.5% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 18.2 to 18.6) of all health system interactions, including 157.0 million screening and diagnostic tests and 23.2 million treatment appointments. Only 41.5 million additional health worker hours (17.1%; 95% UI: 15.9 to 17.4%) of total health worker time) were needed to achieve these gains. The HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programmes required an additional 120.7 million outpatient appointments, which were offset by a net decrease in inpatient care (9.4 million bed-days) that would have been necessary in their absence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programmes have greatly increased life expectancy and provided direct and spill-over effects on health in Malawi. These investments reduced the burden on inpatient and emergency care, which requires more intensive health worker involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"304-315"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Cancer Grid initiative for electronic medical records, India.","authors":"C S Pramesh, Rizwan Koita, Manju Sengar, Nikesh Shah, Anthony Vipin Das, Prakash Nayak, Kiran Anandampillai, Prathamesh Pai, Amrut Kadam, Indranil Mallick, Prabhat Bhargava, Prasanth Penumadu, Chandran K Nair, Bibhuti Borthakur, M Aarish, Geetu Bagri, Sarbani Ghosh-Laskar, Anil Tibdewal, Latha Balasubramani, Abhishek Jain, Aditya Jandial, Gagan Prakash, Nilesh Teli, Smita Kayal, Surabhi Goel, Krupa Mayekar, Priya Ranganathan, Vandana Agarwal, Madhavi Shetmahajan, Reshma Ambulkar, Jayita Deodhar, Aparna Chatterjee, Mukkesh Bansal","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Inefficient workflows, incomplete data and lack of interoperability can hinder the uptake of electronic records systems, challenges particularly relevant in cancer treatment with its complex longitudinal and multidisciplinary nature. Further, products developed in high-income countries are not designed for compatibility with the workflows of low- and middle-income countries, which face additional issues of cost.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We evaluated centres with different resources and geographical locations to develop the requirements of our product. We published an invitation to potential vendors, evaluated submitted product development bids and enlisted six vendors. Our subcommittees developed workflow modules and templates, ensured interoperability and developed key performance indicators.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The National Cancer Grid, a network of more than 360 cancer centres in India, assembled a team of experienced oncologists and digital health experts to develop electronic medical records products with specialized oncology capabilities.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>Our collaboration between clinical and technical experts led to the development of six new, high-quality and interoperable products, compliant with the varying needs and resources of hospitals. We supported more than 20 centres with procurement and adoption through partial funding and technical assistance.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>In developing product requirements, we gained an understanding of the challenges faced by hospitals in implementing such systems; by inviting vendors to submit a product development bid, we ensured that the product development cost was borne by the vendor and not hospitals; and by monitoring user feedback, we can continue to address issues raised by health workers and encourage the adoption of electronic medical records.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"337-342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of urban fires on public health.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.020525","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.020525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of fires in urban areas is largely neglected in public health discourse addressing resilient cities. A handful of activists and researchers are trying to change that, Gary Humphreys reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"290-291"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susana Vázquez Torres: the power of computational protein design.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.030525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.030525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Susana Vázquez Torres talks to Ana Lesher Treviño about AI-guided protein design for antivenoms and her aim to improve access to lifesaving treatments in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"292-293"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress needed on climate and health goals, Timor-Leste.","authors":"José Ramos-Horta, Unni Karunakara, Remco van de Pas","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.293603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"287-287A"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health sector advocacy for repurposing agricultural investments affecting fruits, vegetables and legumes.","authors":"Erica Reeve, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Anne Marie Thompson Thow","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing population intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes could reduce diet-related mortality. The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt fiscal tools to address the relative affordability of healthy foods, including through taxes and subsidies. Most global agricultural subsidy support has been tied to the production of specific commodities, predominately grains. Heavily embedded financial and regulatory focus on a narrow range of commodities has encouraged monocropping and intensive farming at the expense of dietary diversity. To address this issue, the United Nations recommends that countries phase out distortive policies and subsidies, and repurpose these with more efficient and equitable measures. This would provide an opportunity for the health policy community to engage on the investment needed to promote production, supply and demand for fruit, vegetables and legumes. This article supports this engagement, by describing the current policy context for agricultural subsidies and some of the specific policy options for increasing fruit, vegetable and legume production, supply and demand. The article outlines ways through which the health policy community can support the development of a repurposing policy agenda for fruit, vegetables and legumes by building awareness of the benefits of such an agenda; strategically engaging across sectors to develop a cohesive package of policy measures for increasing fruit, vegetable and legume production, supply and demand; and engaging with agriculture and other sectors to navigate the complexities of a repurposing agenda, ensuring a range of sectoral concerns are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The commitment to ending leprosy.","authors":"Takahiro Nanri","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.293767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 5","pages":"286-286A"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}