Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"A positive focus on the mental health of parents.","authors":"Indrani Paul, Richard Appiah, Nitika Pant Pai, Marilyn N Ahun","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294704","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"360-362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online sources of health-related traditional knowledge: content for a traditional medicine library.","authors":"Carmen Vm Abdala, Mariana C Schveitzer, Ricardo Ghelman, Mirelys Puerta-Diaz, M Sharmila A Sousa, Viswajanani J Sattigeri, Geetha K Gopalakrishna Pillai, Maki Kajiwara, Shyama Kuruvilla, João P Souza","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293555","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.293555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To map digital resources on traditional, complementary and integrative medicine, including databases, repositories, libraries and web portals providing access to traditional knowledge, research or policy information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a rapid review of publications related to digital resources on traditional medicine. We also surveyed specialists in traditional medicine for referrals to digital resources. We searched PubMed®, Embase, the Virtual Health Library of the Pan American Health Organization and Google. Eligible resources were digital platforms indexing traditional medicine knowledge, research or policy. From the publications identified, we retrieved relevant digital resources and extracted data on their scope, content and geographic distribution.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>From 102 studies, we identified 358 potentially relevant digital resources on traditional medicine across all regions of the World Health Organization (WHO). We included 125 of these resources in our inventory of traditional medicine digital resources. The Western Pacific Region accounted for 36% (45/125) of the resources, led by China with 34 resources, and the Americas accounted for 24% (30/125) of the resources, with 24 resources from the United States of America. Most digital resources focused on pharmacological or clinical applications; only five addressed Indigenous medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital resources on traditional, complementary and integrative medicine are diverse but fragmented. Codified systems are predominant while Indigenous traditions are marginalized. WHO's Traditional Medicine Global Library offers an opportunity to correct these imbalances by creating an inclusive, ethically governed platform that safeguards knowledge systems and supports their equitable integration into global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 5","pages":"328-341J"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health round-up.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.010426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.26.010426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"211-212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13044376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call for inclusion of arthroplasty as essential surgery.","authors":"Peter G Delaney, Nicolas S Piuzzi","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2015, the World Health Assembly and the <i>Lancet</i> Commission on Global Surgery affirmed the need for equitable access to essential surgical care. Additionally, the World Bank's Disease Control Priorities project identified 44 essential surgical procedures for health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries. These procedures address the global burden of disease, are cost-effective and are feasible to implement in resource-constrained settings. Notably, arthroplasty, specifically, hip and knee replacements, was excluded. A decade later, this omission warrants reconsideration. With improved control of communicable diseases, musculoskeletal conditions are now the second leading cause of years lived with disability globally, disproportionately affecting populations of low- and middle-income countries. Arthroplasty meets all the criteria for an essential surgical procedure: it is cost-effective, yields predictable and durable outcomes, and follows standardized clinical pathways suited for large-scale implementation. The cost of arthroplasty per disability-adjusted life year averted is often lower than treatments for chronic medical conditions and communicable diseases. Rates of dislocation and periprosthetic joint infection for arthroplasty in sub-Saharan Africa were comparable to rates in high-income settings, suggesting feasibility when appropriate systems are in place. As life expectancy and the noncommunicable disease burden increase, functional mobility interventions and pain relief will become a public health priority. Integrating arthroplasty into national surgical plans is essential to build resilient surgical systems that respond to evolving demographic and epidemiological trends. We call for the formal recognition of arthroplasty as an essential surgical procedure and for investment in workforce training, supply-chain infrastructure and funding models to meet unmet global surgical needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of priority areas for cholera control, Cameroon.","authors":"Armelle Ngomba, Linda Esso, Nicole Fouda Mbarga, Ingrid Kenko, Eric Defo, Nadia Mandeng, Theodore A Tonye, Patricia Mendjime, Chanceline Bilounga, Loic Choupo, Emmanuel Douba, Georges A Etoundi","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.293334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify priority areas for multisectoral interventions for cholera control in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data on cholera cases from January 2016 to September 2023 in all 10 regions of Cameroon sourced from the DHIS-2 software, national cholera line lists, situation reports and databases of the <i>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</i> and the National Public Health Laboratory. We entered these data into the Global Task Force on Cholera Control tool to determine a priority index for districts based on four cholera indicators: incidence, mortality, persistence and test positivity. We calculated a vulnerability index based on 12 vulnerability factors. We categorized districts with a priority index ≥ 9 and districts with a priority index < 9 but with ≥ 9 vulnerability factors as priority areas for multisectoral interventions.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between 2016 and 2023, Cameroon reported 24 813 suspected cholera cases in nine regions. Of 200 health districts, we identified 48 (24.0%) as priority areas for multisectoral interventions, 35 based on a priority index ≥ 9 and 13 based on vulnerability factors. These priority areas were home to 40.4% (11 488 089/28 433 067) of the country's population in 2023 and accounted for 91.3% (22 668/24 813) of the cholera cases between 2016 and 2023. Centre, Littoral, South-West and Far North regions account for 85.4% (41/48) of the priority areas for multisectoral interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identification of priority areas for multisectoral interventions provided evidence for decision-making to enhance cholera preparedness and prevention. The availability of data facilitated this classification, and the ownership and leadership of the main governmental stakeholders were essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and user satisfaction scores for prosthetic limbs provided in a fitting camp, Cambodia.","authors":"Thearith Heang, Sisary Kheng, Maggie Donovan-Hall, Amos Channon, Alex Dickinson, Carson Harte","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate prosthetic devices delivered during an intensive fitting camp in Cambodia, considering device quality and client satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational cohort study in which we assessed prosthetic devices produced and delivered by an international nongovernmental organization at an intensive fitting camp. We conducted our assessment in two stages: at prosthetic device provision using a checklist to assess device quality and client satisfaction at discharge, and at 3-month follow-up using a telephone interview to assess the client's device usage and preference for a future device.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We found that many of the devices fitted at the camp failed to meet International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics' standards. Assessments revealed dissatisfaction with quality of work (33%; 175/525), fit (57%; 297/525) and function (26%; 139/525). At follow-up, 36% of clients (115/321) reported discomfort or pain. Most clients (78%; 238/305) stated preference for a domestically-produced device in future. Most clients (81%; 253/313) reported using their new device not very often, rarely or never, whereas 88% (243/277) of clients with a previous device reported using that device often or always. At least 29% (93/321) continued to use a previous device that they had described during the camp as unused, broken, painful or poorly fitting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that shortcomings in quality and satisfaction of the studied prosthesis system persist as many clients rely on an inadequate or potentially dangerous prosthesis. The findings also raise new questions about client selection and the effective use of funding for the intensive camp provision format.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO Collaborating Centres: a global scientific network.","authors":"Meg Doherty, Matias Tuler, Sylvie Briand, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.296055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.26.296055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"210-210A"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing reductions in the risk of death in benefit-cost analyses of environment- and climate-health actions.","authors":"Frank Pega, Natalie C Momen, Samuel A Agyemang, Laura Bojke, Joan Costa-Font, Laure de Preux, Eli P Fenichel, Bruce Gordon, Martin C Hensher, Richard Johnston, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Antonios Kolimenakis, Muhammad Ashar Malik, Hiroaki Matsuura, Nhung Nghiem, Bernadette O'Hare, Megha Rathi, Lisa A Robinson, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Economic evaluation is key for efficient allocation of resources in health and related sectors. Actions addressing environmental risk factors and climate change can avert millions of deaths annually, yet valuing reductions in the risk of dying is challenging in benefit-cost analyses. We developed an interim statistical protocol to estimate the value per statistical life for World Health Organization (WHO) Member States, building on the 2019 benefit-cost analysis reference case and latest evidence. Using gross national income per capita based on purchasing power parity, we calculated national estimates for 2024 and projected values to 2100. We aggregated these estimates to produce global, regional and country income group averages, and additional sets for sensitivity and scenario analyses, including for alternative climate change scenarios. Our estimates cover 93.8% (182/194) of Member States, representing 98.4% (7.99 billion/8.12 billion) of the global population. The global average value per statistical life in 2024 was 3.76 million international dollars. By 2100, the global average is projected to increase by 159.8% to 9.77 million international dollars. These estimates provide a basis for valuing expected deaths averted by environment- and climate-health interventions, promoting comparability across analyses. Limitations include reliance on extrapolated values and uncertainty in income projections. More research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is needed. Because value per statistical life estimates depend on income, analysts must supplement benefit-cost analysis with distributional analyses of benefits and costs across populations. Until WHO updates its recommended methods, these interim estimates offer a pragmatic tool for policy analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"246-258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of hepatitis C infections among Rohingya refugees, Bangladesh.","authors":"Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Francesco Branda, Fariha Fairouz, Mattia Albanese, Fabio Scarpa, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Marta Giovanetti, Terence Ngwabe Che, Massimo Ciccozzi","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"282-284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of donor exclusion criteria on blood safety and volume of donations: a systematic review of modelling studies.","authors":"Luce Mosselmans, Mart P Janssen, Hendrik B Feys, Emmy de Buck, Fritz Schiltz, Peter Vandenberghe, Philippe Vandekerckhove, Hans Van Remoortel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of easing bans and deferral policies on blood donation from men who have sex with men on blood safety and volume from modelling studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched four databases (PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL and Web of Science) for modelling studies on the impact of replacing bans or deferrals on blood donations from men who have sex with men with shorter deferral periods or no deferrals. We synthesized and compared findings from the different modelling studies, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Fourteen publications were included in the study. All the studies estimated the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) residual risk of an HIV-infected blood donation being received, going undetected through screening and entering the blood supply. Despite medium to large increases in risks (up to three-fold) in relaxing donor policies for men who have sex with men, the absolute HIV residual risk remained very low in all scenarios, ranging between 0.05 and 1.1 HIV-positive units per million donations. The increase in donors ranged from 0.04% to 2.10%. No models covered other transfusion-transmissible infections such as syphilis or hepatitis C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modelled HIV residual risk estimates increased slightly with relaxed policies on donations from men who have sex with men. However, differences in risk and blood volume estimates between different policies are generally very small. To support decisions on easing donor policies for men who have sex with men, models should also quantify residual risks for non-HIV transfusion-transmissible infections, such as syphilis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}