Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"Alka Dwivedi: developing a cancer therapy for all.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.030924","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.030924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alka Dwivedi talks to Gary Humphreys about developing a new form of CAR T-cell therapy in collaboration with clinicians with a view to improving treatment outcomes and lowering costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's needed to achieve zero leprosy.","authors":"Yohei Sasakawa","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292037","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.292037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water and sanitation in urban India.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.020824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.020824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two of the world's biggest sanitation initiatives are approaching their 10-year anniversaries, offering insights into challenges faced worldwide. Gary Humphreys reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two survey methods for estimating unplanned pregnancy, Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Shimlin Jahan Khanam, Melissa L Harris","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290262","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the prevalence of unintended pregnancy measured by the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy in Bangladesh, and explore the extent of discordance between the measures and the factors associated with the discordance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in four randomly selected districts in Bangladesh: Kurigram, Mymensingh, Pabna and Satkhira. We randomly selected 20 hospitals, five from each district. We collected data from 1200 women who had recently delivered a baby and were visiting the hospitals for postnatal care. We interviewed the women about their pregnancy intention in their last pregnancy using questions in the DHS and the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy and examined the discordance in their responses. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with discordant responses in reported pregnancy intention.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 24.3% (292/1200) using the DHS measure and 31.0% (373/1200) using the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy. Discordance in responses to pregnancy intention between the two measures was 27.1% (325/1200). Factors associated with discordance were older age, female sex of the last child born, having more than two children, being in a poorer wealth quintile, living in a rural area and living in Kurigram district.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Bangladesh measured by the DHS measure may be an underestimate, suggesting that the adverse effects of unintended pregnancy are greater than realized and emphasizing the need to bolster Bangladesh's family planning programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring access to essential medicines in the sustainable development goals.","authors":"Kristina Jenei, Veronika J Wirtz","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291399","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New WHO classification of genetic variants causing G6PD deficiency.","authors":"Lucio Luzzatto, Germana Bancone, Pierre-Antoine Dugué, Weiying Jiang, Angelo Minucci, Caterina Nannelli, Daniel Pfeffer, Josef Prchal, Mahmoud Sirdah, Olugbemiro Sodeinde, Tom Vulliamy, Wanchai Wanachiwanawin, Jane Cunningham, Andrea Bosman","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.291224","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.291224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-based management of international sporting events during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Albis Francesco Gabrielli, Amaia Artazcoz Glaria, Maria Borodina, Lucia Mullen, Crystal R Watson, Amanda Kobokovich, Ninglan Wang","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290034","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass gatherings include a diverse range of events such as sporting competitions, religious ceremonies, entertainment activities, political rallies and cultural celebrations, which have important implications for population well-being. However, if not managed properly, these events can amplify health risks including those related to communicable diseases, and place undue strain on health systems in host countries and potentially in attendees' home countries, upon their return. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the risk factors associated with mass gatherings and the effectiveness of applying mitigation measures during infectious disease emergencies. The pandemic has also allowed event organizers and health officials to identify best practices for mass gathering planning in host countries. To guide decisions about whether to hold, postpone, modify or cancel a mass gathering during the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization and its partners developed normative guidance and derivative tools promoting a risk-based approach to mass gathering planning. This approach involves three steps to guide decision-making around mass gatherings: risk evaluation, risk mitigation and risk communication. The approach was applied in the planning and execution of several mass gathering events, including the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Lessons identified from these large-scale international events offer insights into the planning and implementation of mass gathering events during a pandemic, and the broader impacts of such events on society. These lessons may also further inform and refine planning for future mass gatherings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target regimen profiles for tuberculosis treatment.","authors":"Christian Lienhardt, Kelly E Dooley, Payam Nahid, Charles Wells, Theresa S Ryckman, Emily A Kendall, Gerry Davies, Grania Brigden, Gavin Churchyard, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Eugenia Di Meco, Ramya Gopinath, Carole Mitnick, Cherise Scott, Farhana Amanullah, Cathy Bansbach, Martin Boeree, Michael Campbell, Francesca Conradie, Angela Crook, Charles L Daley, Keertan Dheda, Andreas Diacon, Agnes Gebhard, Debra Hanna, Norbert Heinrich, Anneke Hesseling, David Holtzman, Mathilde Jachym, Peter Kim, Christoph Lange, Lindsay McKenna, Graeme Meintjes, Norbert Ndjeka, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Bern-Thomas Nyang'wa, Nicholas I Paton, Raghuram Rao, Michael Rich, Rada Savic, Ingrid Schoeman, Boitumelo Semete Makokotlela, Mel Spigelman, Eugene Sun, Elin Svensson, Phumeza Tisile, Francis Varaine, Andrew Vernon, Mukadi Ya Diul, Tereza Kasaeva, Matteo Zignol, Medea Gegia, Fuad Mirzayev, Samuel G Schumacher","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291881","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simpler, shorter, safer and more effective treatments for tuberculosis that are easily accessible to all people with tuberculosis are desperately needed. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed target regimen profiles for the treatment of tuberculosis to make drug developers aware of both the important features of treatment regimens, and patient and programmatic needs at the country level. In view of recent ground-breaking advances in tuberculosis treatment, WHO has revised and updated these regimen profiles. We used a similar process as for the 2016 profiles, including a baseline treatment landscape analysis, an initial stakeholder survey, modelling studies estimating the impact and cost-effectiveness of novel tuberculosis treatment regimens, and an extensive stakeholder consultation. We developed target regimen profiles for the treatment of rifampicin-susceptible and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, as well as a pan-tuberculosis regimen that would be appropriate for patients with any type of tuberculosis. We describe the revised target regimen profile characteristics, with specific minimal and optimal targets to be met, rationale and justification, and aspects relevant to all target regimen profiles (drug susceptibility testing, adherence and forgiveness, treatment strategies, post-tuberculosis lung disease, and cost and access considerations). We discuss the trade-offs of proposed characteristics for decision-making at developmental or operational levels. We expect that, following these target regimen profile revisions, tuberculosis treatment developers will produce regimens that are quality-assured, affordable and widely available, and that meet the needs of affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carlos Augusto Monteiro: nutrition and obesity.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.030824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.030824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carlos Monteiro talks to Gary Humphreys about Brazil's dietary transition and the need for substantial change at every level of food production, marketing and consumption to address the global obesity pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case for increasing taxes on cigarettes, vapes and oral nicotine pouches, Kenya.","authors":"Cyprian M Mostert, Olalekan A Ayo-Yusuf, Manasi Kumar, Andrew Aballa, Willie Njoroge, Edna Bosire, Linda Khakali, John Thomi, Karambu Muthaura, Lukoye Atwoli, Zul Merali","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290985","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11276150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}