Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by a global network of WHO collaborating centres.","authors":"Anne Harant, Arina Zanuzdana, Sara Tomczyk, Tim Eckmanns, Insik Kong, Monica Lahra, Savannah Gill, Rene Hendriksen, Olga Perovic, Alejandra Corso, Sonja Löfmark Behrendtz, Lothar Kreienbrock, Majid Alshamrani, Stephan Harbarth, Marlieke de Kraker, Oskar Ekelund, Onur Karatuna, Carolien Ruesen, Silvia Bertagnolio, Yvan Hutin","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the most pressing threats to health globally, with inappropriate antimicrobial use and inequitable access to quality-assured medicines compounding the challenge. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System to strengthen global surveillance and provide data to inform responses. In support, in 2016 WHO established the AMR Surveillance and Quality Assessment Collaborating Centres Network, a global group of expert institutions that provide technical support and help WHO Member States build surveillance capacity. Between 2016 and 2025, the Network expanded from 18 to 36 institutions across 20 countries and its technical scope has grown to cover antimicrobial use surveillance, emerging antimicrobial resistance, fungal antimicrobial resistance and national action plans. This paper presents a process evaluation of the network, focusing on its development between 2016 and 2025, its contribution to tackling antimicrobial resistance and the challenges faced. Information from documentation and structured interviews indicate that the network played a central role in developing surveillance standards, strengthening laboratory and epidemiology capacity, and helping countries implement surveillance. Challenges persist: network representation is uneven across geographical regions, coordination of resources is limited, and the network's impact is incompletely documented. To maximize its potential, the network must improve output tracking, expand membership from low- and middle-income countries and create subnetworks for specific topics and regions. The analysis offers lessons on how WHO collaborating centre networks can serve as strategic enablers of actions on global health, provided they are adequately supported and integrated into broader implementation frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"259-273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A healthy cities agenda for extreme heat adaptation in urban settings.","authors":"Alaha Nasari, Sammer Marzouk","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294493","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme heat has become a predictable urban health emergency. Here, we synthesize evidence from 2024 and 2025 from peer-reviewed studies, multilateral agency reports and city heat-action plans on urban heat adaptation and health. Based on this evidence, we propose a city-level agenda grounded in the World Health Organization Healthy Cities framework. We outline interventions with demonstrated benefits, including urban greening and blue infrastructure (such as rivers, canals, wetlands and other urban water features that reduce ambient temperatures), cool roofs and reflective pavements, shaded pedestrian and transit corridors, as well as housing retrofits that prioritize passive cooling and equitable access to efficient cooling. We place equal emphasis on health-system readiness: impact-based early warning, surge protocols, clinician training, cooling centres and strengthened surveillance. We examine implementation challenges in financing, governance, equity, technical capacity and regulation, and propose practical city governance responses. We emphasize two contributions to urban heat adaptation policy and practice: hyperlocal targeting tools to maximize equity and effectiveness, and positioning health systems alongside infrastructure, rather than treating adaptation as a purely built-environment intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"163-167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12950271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO's criteria for ethical health research priority-setting in the context of climate change.","authors":"Bridget Pratt, Rieke van der Graaf, Gabrielle Samuel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293973","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.293973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health research on climate change has increased substantially in recognition of the impact of climate change on human health. This research raises new ethical questions for health research priority-setting, including how to prioritize research on climate change and health versus other types of health research unrelated to climate change, and how to prioritize among different health research projects focused on climate change. In this paper, we focus on the latter. We consider whether the ethical criteria for health research priority-setting recently proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) should be used by funders when allocating resources among health research projects focused on climate change. The WHO criteria were developed in response to imbalances around who controls and sets health research agendas and who benefits from them. The four criteria for ethical research priority-setting are optimizing social value, following fair procedures, respecting special obligations and assessing risks. We first show that these criteria are relevant to priority-setting for research on climate change and health because evidence suggests that the above-mentioned imbalances may exist when allocating resources to climate change and health research. We next assess whether the four criteria can help reduce imbalances in who controls and who benefits from resource allocation to such research. Our analyses indicate that the WHO criteria can help if further specifications are included for research on climate change and health. We provide recommendations for how to further specify the criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of decision science to ethical priority-setting in climate and health research.","authors":"Neil Singh Bedi, S Skye Yoden, Ankur Pandya","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"197-199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insurance companies, climate and health justice.","authors":"Hiroaki Matsuura, Takefumi Ueno","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"200-202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health round-up.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.010326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.26.010326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alejandro Daly: bridging the gap between climate and health.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.030326","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.030326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alejandro Daly speaks with Gary Humphreys about raising awareness of air quality, engaging young people in the climate and health conversation, and addressing the ethical dimensions of climate research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ethical basis for research into health and climate change.","authors":"Katharine Wright, Katherine Littler","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.295838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.26.295838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"138-138A"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory research and community engagement in climate and health research.","authors":"Yasna Palmeiro-Silva, Admire Nyamwanza, Anh Ngoc Vu","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.294164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis notifications among children and young adolescents, 2008-2019 compared to 2020-2023, Brazil.","authors":"Antônio Candido Paiva Figueiredo Dos Santos, Daniele Maria Pelissari, Marcos Otávio Brum-Antunes, Luiz Henrique Arroyo, Eduardo de Souza Alves, Renato T Stein, Leonardo Araújo Pinto, Fernanda Dockhorn, Costa, Frederico Friedrich, Marcelo Comerlato Scotta","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293446","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.293446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis-related notifications and mortality in Brazilian children and young adolescents aged 0-14 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an ecological study using interrupted time series analysis with data from DATASUS, a nationwide open-access database of the Brazilian health ministry. We compared the notification rates of overall active tuberculosis, laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis, miliary and meningeal tuberculosis and tuberculosis-related deaths between the pre-pandemic (January 2008 to February 2020) and post-pandemic (January 2022 to December 2023) periods.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between 2008 and 2023, 43 216 tuberculosis notifications were recorded among children and young adolescents. The average annual notification rate per 100 000 population rose from 5.75 pre-pandemic to 8.37 post-pandemic, a 45.6% increase. Children younger than 1 year consistently had the highest rates. Laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis notifications totalled 12 557, with rates increasing from 1.55 per 100 000 pre-pandemic to 3.01 per 100 000 post-pandemic (94.2% increase). The average annual notification rate for miliary and meningeal tuberculosis increased from 0.22 to 0.29 per 100 000 (31.8%), and for tuberculosis-related deaths from 0.09 to 0.14 per 100 000 (55.6%). In 2023, laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis and miliary and meningeal forms had the highest rates (3.37 and 0.33 per 100 000, respectively), while deaths were the second highest on record (0.15 per 100 000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 disruptions to tuberculosis services led to increased tuberculosis notification rates among Brazilian children and adolescents after the pandemic, due to higher transmission following a period of underdiagnosis. This setback hinders progress towards the End TB Strategy goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}