Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"Air pollution across One Health domains.","authors":"David Rojas-Rueda","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.295988","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.295988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 9","pages":"654-656"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transdisciplinary research agenda for resilience.","authors":"Anne-Sophie Jung, Victoria Haldane, Cornelia Junghans-Minton, Matthew Harris, Paula de Castro Nunes, Paulo Victor Rodriges de Carvalho, Gustavo Matta, Alessandro Jatobá","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.295811","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.295811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 9","pages":"651-653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ways to address health financing pressures and donor transition, Kenya.","authors":"Colette Sa Wesonga, Benard W Kulohoma","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.297090","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.297090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 9","pages":"586-586A"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model for the epidemiological impact of tuberculosis policy options.","authors":"Sandip Mandal, Srinath Satyanarayana, Finn McQuaid, Peter J Dodd, Nicolas A Menzies, Richard G White, Nimalan Arinaminpathy, Rein Mgj Houben, David W Dowdy, Mikaela Smit, Suvanand Sahu, Carel Pretorius","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.295896","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.295896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a new tuberculosis transmission model, addressing the limitations of and building on the TB Impact Model and Estimates software tool, to enable decision-makers to assess the impact of various tuberculosis interventions and allocate resources more effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a model incorporating diagnosis and treatment pathways across public and private sectors, stratified across age groups, drug susceptibility, human immunodeficiency virus status and vaccination status. We calibrated our model using country-specific data from 29 high-burden countries and determined calibration target indicators according to national epidemic profiles. We performed the model calibration using a Bayesian adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo process. We compare modelled and actual data for Indonesia and Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our model calibration results showed good agreement with historical tuberculosis data. In Indonesia, we demonstrate that comprehensive implementation of the Stop TB Partnership <i>Global plan to end TB</i> interventions, including a public-private partnership, modern diagnostics, improved treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis and a post-exposure vaccine, could enable the country to achieve the targets of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy by 2035. In Nigeria, implementing the <i>National strategic plan for tuberculosis control 2021-2026</i> could reduce tuberculosis incidence by 27% and mortality by 37% by 2030, even without a vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our model provides a robust analytical foundation from which to assess the epidemiological impact of diverse interventions, prioritize investments and guide policy. The model's open-source design and alignment with WHO recommendations make it a valuable tool for guiding evidence-based investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"540-550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health round-up.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.010826","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.010826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"528-529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expedited research and approval of medicines for drug-resistant bacterial infections in children.","authors":"Phoebe Cm Williams, Gary J Noel, Sumati Nambiar, Seamus O'Brien, David L Paterson, Julia A Bielicki, Michael Sharland, John S Bradley","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.295493","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.295493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant pathogens cause severe infections with substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates, infants and children, as they do in adults. However, the approval of therapies for multidrug-resistant infections in paediatric patients often lags years behind approval for adults, which creates an untenable situation for people who care for affected children. Many issues contribute to the current unacceptably long period between adult and paediatric new drug approval, including the requirement for sequential age group enrolment in clinical trials, the types of regulatory studies required and a lack of alignment between regulatory authorities. To streamline paediatric drug development, more efficient approaches to investigational and approval processes that meet acceptable safety and efficacy metrics are required. For products that address an urgent unmet need in children, approval should be based primarily on matching drug exposure to levels in adults and on extrapolating safety and efficacy data from adults, where appropriate, rather than on requiring clinical trials in all paediatric age groups for each approved indication in adults. In addition, real-world and post-approval data could be used to support early, limited drug approval for paediatric patients. However, there are economic challenges in developing anti-infective drugs for paediatric populations and increased funding is needed to ensure that neonates, infants and children globally have timely access to safe, effective and life-saving therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"551-559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A controversial change in the sustainable development goal indicator for access to medicines.","authors":"Iris R Joosse, Laura Doblas Rodriguez de Guzman, Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse, Hendrika A van den Ham","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294862","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"579-581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of unvaccinated children, Madagascar.","authors":"Nadine Muller, Apollinaire F Mahafeno, Andrinirina C Rasolofondraibe, Gabrielle T Andriantiantsoa, Andry Ns Randrianirisoa, Elgiraud Ramarosaiky, Fanjatiana Rlr Rakotoarisoa, Fanilo N Valitera, Zavaniarivo Rampanjato, Miora M Andriamanjay, Elsa N Rajemison, Riana S Ramanantsoa, Julius V Emmrich, Lara M Press, Christian H Ravelomahafaly, Maurin Mananatitra","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.295299","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.295299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Madagascar has a high number of unvaccinated (zero-dose) children. In 2023, an estimated 74% received any dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. In southern Madagascar, service gaps, poverty, drought and limited access leave many children unreached by routine immunization.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Within the <i>Sorohy ny Aretina Manaova Ezaka Vaksiny</i> initiative, a community-based enumeration and vaccination-status verification was conducted in 16 districts in August 2024-June 2025 under health ministry authorization. A total of 3975 community health workers (CHWs) were recruited and trained to verify the vaccination status of all children younger than 5 years from available documentation in targeted <i>fokontany</i> (lowest administrative unit). Digital tools supported data collection, validation and CHW incentive payments.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>The southern regions of Atsimo Andrefana, Androy and Anosy have about 3.7 million inhabitants, most in remote areas. Health indicators lag behind national averages. Volunteer CHWs lack training, supervision and financial protection, resulting in incomplete population data and weak microplanning.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>Among the <i>fokontany</i>, 81% (3538/4347) completed registry updating. Overall, 58% (213 173/368 227) of the children enumerated had no documented DTP dose. District-level prevalence of no-dose children ranged from 25% (7956/32 015) to 86% (14 989/17 445). These data guided zero-dose mapping and targeted outreach. As of March 2026, 42 700 zero-dose children had received DTP vaccination, surpassing the programme target ahead of schedule.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Locally led partnerships and CHW engagement, supported by simple digital tools and transparent financial mechanisms, produced actionable data on zero-dose children. Prior agreement on zero-dose case definitions ensures compatibility with national reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"560-565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telephone versus in-person administration of the Early Childhood Development Index 2030: a crossover study, Brazil, Canada, India and Malawi.","authors":"Nicholas Kuzik, Sabrina Buchanan, Sarita de Mendonça Bacciotti, Madison Boyd, Emily Bremer, Brianne A Bruijns, Hilary At Caldwell, Claudia Cappa, Valerie Carson, Guy Faulkner, Alex Antonio Florindo, Anelise Reis Gaya, Kianoush Harandian, Uddhavi Kand, Janine Kayange, Himangi Lubree, Clarice Martins, Tawonga Mwase-Vuma, Anthony Okely, Linda S Pagani, Nicole Petrowski, Morgan Potter, Evelyn Helena Corgosinho Ribeiro, Patricia Tucker, Roseanne Autran, Mark S Tremblay","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294390","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine agreement between telephone and in-person administration of the Early Childhood Development Index 2030 (ECDI2030) survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this crossover study, we compared in-person ECDI2030 interviews with other modalities (primarily telephone-based interviews) selected at a country level in Brazil, Canada, India and Malawi. Eligible participants were primary caregivers of preschool-aged children (36-60 months old), with equal recruitment across child sex and urban and rural residence. The primary outcome was agreement in overall scores between in-person interviews and other tested modalities, assessed using paired <i>t</i>-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The analytical sample included 258 individuals, with 212 paired observations for in-person and telephone-based interviews. Pooled <i>t</i>-tests showed no significant differences in overall scores between the interview modalities. However, in-person interviews yielded slightly higher scores than telephone interviews for female children (mean difference: 0.23; Cohen's <i>d</i> _diff: 0.22) and participants from India (mean difference: 0.47; Cohen's <i>d</i> _diff: 0.44). Canadian participants had lower scores on the second assessment completed (mean difference: -0.27; Cohen's <i>d</i> _diff: -0.36), regardless of modality. However, pooled and stratified intraclass correlation coefficients analyses indicated that these modalities were statistically similar, with values ranging from 0.89 to 0.93, which are values commonly categorized as good to excellent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multinational, multicentre, crossover study shows high agreement between telephone and in-person administration of the ECDI2030 across economically, culturally and geographically diverse settings. Expanding administration modalities may improve feasibility, particularly in geographically dispersed populations and rural settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"530-539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative care in humanitarian responses.","authors":"Hanna Kaade, Felix Muehlensiepen, William E Rosa, Martin Heinze, Marcel Kamp, Matthew J Allsop","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.295240","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.295240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 8","pages":"582-584"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}