Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献_第3页

Fragmented markets for older antibiotics and child formulations, Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 旧抗生素和儿童配方的分散市场，丹麦、挪威、瑞典。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.292102

Christine Årdal, Mohamed Gawad, Enrico Baraldi, Marianne Jahre, Charlotta Edlund

{"title":"Fragmented markets for older antibiotics and child formulations, Denmark, Norway, Sweden.","authors":"Christine Årdal, Mohamed Gawad, Enrico Baraldi, Marianne Jahre, Charlotta Edlund","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292102","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is one of the most urgent threats to public health. The development of antibiotic resistance can be reduced by the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target specific bacteria, meaning that fewer non-harmful bacteria are killed and other harmful bacteria are not exposed to selection pressure. However, many narrow-spectrum antibiotics were introduced decades ago and therefore lack regulatory documentation in line with current standards. An additional problem for a reliable supply is that of market fragmentation, where countries with similar resistance patterns and prescribing cultures (e.g. Norway and Sweden) prioritize different formulations and strengths. For example, over half of Sweden's highest priority paediatric antibiotics are not marketed in Denmark or Norway in the same formulations or dosages. Such market fragmentation, which can result in the annual demand of a country being smaller than batch production sizes, means that specific strengths and formulations may no longer be economical to supply. Further, once an antibiotic has been withdrawn from the market, it is difficult to attract a new supplier because of the cost of the clinical trials required to update approval of the drug. However, as resistance to antibiotics increases among populations, clinicians need access to the maximum possible range of antibiotics. Regional collaboration, that is, the harmonization of essential medicines lists (including strengths and formulations for older antibiotics) between countries, is a recommended first step towards reliable access to the necessary range of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What justifies public engagement in health financing decisions? 公众参与卫生筹资决策的理由是什么？

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291860

Matthew S McCoy, Johan L Dellgren, Ezekiel J Emanuel

{"title":"What justifies public engagement in health financing decisions?","authors":"Matthew S McCoy, Johan L Dellgren, Ezekiel J Emanuel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.291860","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank's report, Open and inclusive: fair processes for financing universal health coverage, represents an important effort to specify the benefits and criteria of fair processes in health financing decisions. Here we argue that the report's justification for increasing public engagement in health financing decisions, one of its most novel contributions, rests on a widely shared but flawed assumption that public engagement will produce more equitable outcomes. Examining evidence from national-level public engagement initiatives cited in the report, we argue that there is no reason to assume that engaged publics will prioritize equity over other relevant values such as the maximization of population health. We conclude that instead of seeing public engagement as a tool for advancing particular values, policy-makers should view it as a neutral way of assessing what the public values and gathering insights that can inform the design of health benefits packages. If policy-makers wish to prioritize equity, they should do so directly through substantive policy choices regarding the design and financing of coverage schemes.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public health round-up. 公共卫生综述。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.25.010125

引用次数: 0

Disease foci of pharmaceutical research and development as reflected in applications for International Nonproprietary Names, 1953-2022. 1953-2022年国际非专利名称申请中反映的药物研究与开发疾病焦点。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.291203

Sarel F Malan, Sophie Aj Lasseur, Antonio Romeo, Raffaella Balocco

{"title":"Disease foci of pharmaceutical research and development as reflected in applications for International Nonproprietary Names, 1953-2022.","authors":"Sarel F Malan, Sophie Aj Lasseur, Antonio Romeo, Raffaella Balocco","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.291203","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.291203","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate trends in pharmaceutical research and development, and to correlate these trends with global medical need.Methods: We obtained details of proposed pharmaceutical substances from 1953 to 2022 from the International Nonproprietary Names (INN) database. We used the DrugBank and Cortellis databases to obtain the INN included in approved medicines over the same period. To evaluate trends, we categorized INN into 12 therapeutic classes according to their stem classification, and compared these trends with actual global medical need by extracting the INN in medicines included in essential medicines lists.Findings: Out of a total of 10 611 proposed INN within our 12 therapeutic groups, 2280 were included in approved or registered medicines. We observed a considerable decrease in the number of new INN for anti-infective and antiparasitic, central nervous system and cardiovascular system medicines over the study period. In contrast, the number of new substances in the fields of antineoplastic, immunomodulatory, blood and haemopoietic system, and cell and gene therapy medicines has been increasing. In terms of public health impact, only 17.3% (441/11 453) of all INN in approved medicines are included in the World Health Organization Model list of essential medicines, the highest proportion of which are anti-infective and antiparasitic medicines.Conclusion: Despite a high demand from global health systems, medicine development for neglected tropical and other infectious diseases remains largely dependent on national policy, governmental and philanthropic funding, and partnerships. Better alignment of research and development strategy and investment in global medical needs is required.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predatory journals: what can we do to protect their prey? 掠夺性期刊：我们能做些什么来保护它们的猎物？

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.293036

Christine Laine, Dianne Babski, Vivienne C Bachelet, Till W Bärnighausen, Christopher Baethge, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Frank Frizelle, Laragh Gollogly, Sabine Kleinert, Elizabeth Loder, João Monteiro, Eric J Rubin, Peush Sahni, Christina C Wee, Jin-Hong Yoo, Lilia Zakhama

引用次数: 0

Guidelines for contributors. 贡献者指南。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.25.960125

引用次数: 0

In this month's Bulletin. 在这个月的公报中。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.25.000125

引用次数: 0

List of reviewers. 审稿人列表。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.25.970125

引用次数: 0

Improved water, sanitation, hygiene and waste services in health-care facilities, Ukraine. 改善保健设施的水、环境卫生、个人卫生和废物处理服务，乌克兰。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291716

Maggie Montgomery, Arkadii Vodianyk, Nataliia Piven, Arabella Hayter, Ryan Schweitzer, Tetyana Skapa, Bruce Gordon, Oliver Schmoll

{"title":"Improved water, sanitation, hygiene and waste services in health-care facilities, Ukraine.","authors":"Maggie Montgomery, Arkadii Vodianyk, Nataliia Piven, Arabella Hayter, Ryan Schweitzer, Tetyana Skapa, Bruce Gordon, Oliver Schmoll","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291716","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.291716","url":null,"abstract":"Problem: Water, sanitation and waste infrastructure and services in Ukrainian health-care facilities often fail to meet global and national standards, hindering the provision of safe, quality care. The war has worsened existing problems.Approach: To incrementally improve water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental cleaning and health-care waste practices, the World Health Organization (WHO) is working with the health ministry, the Ukrainian Public Health Centre and regional United States Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) to implement the Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT). In December 2022, WHO trained staff from the regional CDC, Ukrainian Public Health Centre and nine priority health-care facilities. Facility teams assessed services, and developed and implemented improvement plans in January 2023. Follow-up assessments were conducted after six months.Local setting: About 4300 health-care facilities operate in Ukraine. Funding for new water and sanitation infrastructure, as well as operating and maintaining existing services, is likely inadequate.Relevant changes: After implementation, the average WASH FIT score increased from 66 out of a maximum of 100 (range: 57-73) to 83 (range: 69-93). Facilities more effectively managed water-related risks, replaced broken taps, improved waste management practices and installed backup water supply and storage sources.Lessons learnt: WASH FIT can be used to identify gaps in water, sanitation, hygiene and waste services and track progress towards addressing these gaps. Engaged local leaders, health-based national water, sanitation, hygiene standards, regular on-site training and mentoring drive these improvements. Strengthening public health entities is critical to institutionalize the process.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 1","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy coherence of price controls on food and noncommunicable disease prevention, WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions. 粮食价格控制与非传染性疾病预防的政策一致性，世卫组织东南亚和西太平洋区域。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291812

Bella Sträuli, Anne Marie Thow, Erica Reeve

{"title":"Policy coherence of price controls on food and noncommunicable disease prevention, WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions.","authors":"Bella Sträuli, Anne Marie Thow, Erica Reeve","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.291812","url":null,"abstract":"Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability globally, with suboptimal diet being a significant risk factor. Fiscal policies that promote nutritious foods have been identified as part of a best-practice package of interventions and are a focus for governments in the current context of rising food prices. Price controls are a strategy that governments commonly apply to limit mark-up on prices of specific foods, with the aim of protecting consumers and promoting food security. To date, which specific foods are being placed under price controls is unclear. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the use of food price controls in 10 Member States of the World Health Organization South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions, which have price controls on specific food commodities. The types of foods and beverages under price controls differed considerably. Many of these foods and beverages (for example, sugar-sweetened beverages and instant noodles) were not aligned with global recommendations for healthy diets and the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Price controls are being implemented by government agencies for finance or commerce, which are generally separate from the agencies overseeing the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, an opportunity exists for policy-makers to strengthen policy coherence of price controls on food and the prevention of diet-related noncommunicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 1","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11704635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0