Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"WHO Collaborating Centres: a global scientific network.","authors":"Meg Doherty, Matias Tuler, Sylvie Briand, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus","doi":"10.2471/BLT.26.296055","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.26.296055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"210-210A"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of priority areas for cholera control, Cameroon.","authors":"Armelle Ngomba, Linda Esso, Nicole Fouda Mbarga, Ingrid Kenko, Eric Defo, Nadia Mandeng, Theodore A Tonye, Patricia Mendjime, Chanceline Bilounga, Loic Choupo, Emmanuel Douba, Georges A Etoundi","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293334","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.293334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify priority areas for multisectoral interventions for cholera control in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data on cholera cases from January 2016 to September 2023 in all 10 regions of Cameroon sourced from the DHIS-2 software, national cholera line lists, situation reports and databases of the <i>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</i> and the National Public Health Laboratory. We entered these data into the Global Task Force on Cholera Control tool to determine a priority index for districts based on four cholera indicators: incidence, mortality, persistence and test positivity. We calculated a vulnerability index based on 12 vulnerability factors. We categorized districts with a priority index ≥ 9 and districts with a priority index < 9 but with ≥ 9 vulnerability factors as priority areas for multisectoral interventions.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between 2016 and 2023, Cameroon reported 24 813 suspected cholera cases in nine regions. Of 200 health districts, we identified 48 (24.0%) as priority areas for multisectoral interventions, 35 based on a priority index ≥ 9 and 13 based on vulnerability factors. These priority areas were home to 40.4% (11 488 089/28 433 067) of the country's population in 2023 and accounted for 91.3% (22 668/24 813) of the cholera cases between 2016 and 2023. Centre, Littoral, South-West and Far North regions account for 85.4% (41/48) of the priority areas for multisectoral interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identification of priority areas for multisectoral interventions provided evidence for decision-making to enhance cholera preparedness and prevention. The availability of data facilitated this classification, and the ownership and leadership of the main governmental stakeholders were essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"223-233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and user satisfaction scores for prosthetic limbs provided in a fitting camp, Cambodia.","authors":"Thearith Heang, Sisary Kheng, Maggie Donovan-Hall, Amos Channon, Alex Dickinson, Carson Harte","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294638","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate prosthetic devices delivered during an intensive fitting camp in Cambodia, considering device quality and client satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational cohort study in which we assessed prosthetic devices produced and delivered by an international nongovernmental organization at an intensive fitting camp. We conducted our assessment in two stages: at prosthetic device provision using a checklist to assess device quality and client satisfaction at discharge, and at 3-month follow-up using a telephone interview to assess the client's device usage and preference for a future device.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We found that many of the devices fitted at the camp failed to meet International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics' standards. Assessments revealed dissatisfaction with quality of work (33%; 175/525), fit (57%; 297/525) and function (26%; 139/525). At follow-up, 36% of clients (115/321) reported discomfort or pain. Most clients (78%; 238/305) stated preference for a domestically-produced device in future. Most clients (81%; 253/313) reported using their new device not very often, rarely or never, whereas 88% (243/277) of clients with a previous device reported using that device often or always. At least 29% (93/321) continued to use a previous device that they had described during the camp as unused, broken, painful or poorly fitting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that shortcomings in quality and satisfaction of the studied prosthesis system persist as many clients rely on an inadequate or potentially dangerous prosthesis. The findings also raise new questions about client selection and the effective use of funding for the intensive camp provision format.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing reductions in the risk of death in benefit-cost analyses of environment- and climate-health actions.","authors":"Frank Pega, Natalie C Momen, Samuel A Agyemang, Laura Bojke, Joan Costa-Font, Laure de Preux, Eli P Fenichel, Bruce Gordon, Martin C Hensher, Richard Johnston, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Antonios Kolimenakis, Muhammad Ashar Malik, Hiroaki Matsuura, Nhung Nghiem, Bernadette O'Hare, Megha Rathi, Lisa A Robinson, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294080","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Economic evaluation is key for efficient allocation of resources in health and related sectors. Actions addressing environmental risk factors and climate change can avert millions of deaths annually, yet valuing reductions in the risk of dying is challenging in benefit-cost analyses. We developed an interim statistical protocol to estimate the value per statistical life for World Health Organization (WHO) Member States, building on the 2019 benefit-cost analysis reference case and latest evidence. Using gross national income per capita based on purchasing power parity, we calculated national estimates for 2024 and projected values to 2100. We aggregated these estimates to produce global, regional and country income group averages, and additional sets for sensitivity and scenario analyses, including for alternative climate change scenarios. Our estimates cover 93.8% (182/194) of Member States, representing 98.4% (7.99 billion/8.12 billion) of the global population. The global average value per statistical life in 2024 was 3.76 million international dollars. By 2100, the global average is projected to increase by 159.8% to 9.77 million international dollars. These estimates provide a basis for valuing expected deaths averted by environment- and climate-health interventions, promoting comparability across analyses. Limitations include reliance on extrapolated values and uncertainty in income projections. More research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is needed. Because value per statistical life estimates depend on income, analysts must supplement benefit-cost analysis with distributional analyses of benefits and costs across populations. Until WHO updates its recommended methods, these interim estimates offer a pragmatic tool for policy analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"246-258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of hepatitis C infections among Rohingya refugees, Bangladesh.","authors":"Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Francesco Branda, Fariha Fairouz, Mattia Albanese, Fabio Scarpa, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Marta Giovanetti, Terence Ngwabe Che, Massimo Ciccozzi","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292920","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.292920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"282-284"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by a global network of WHO collaborating centres.","authors":"Anne Harant, Arina Zanuzdana, Sara Tomczyk, Tim Eckmanns, Insik Kong, Monica Lahra, Savannah Gill, Rene Hendriksen, Olga Perovic, Alejandra Corso, Sonja Löfmark Behrendtz, Lothar Kreienbrock, Majid Alshamrani, Stephan Harbarth, Marlieke de Kraker, Oskar Ekelund, Onur Karatuna, Carolien Ruesen, Silvia Bertagnolio, Yvan Hutin","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294384","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the most pressing threats to health globally, with inappropriate antimicrobial use and inequitable access to quality-assured medicines compounding the challenge. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System to strengthen global surveillance and provide data to inform responses. In support, in 2016 WHO established the AMR Surveillance and Quality Assessment Collaborating Centres Network, a global group of expert institutions that provide technical support and help WHO Member States build surveillance capacity. Between 2016 and 2025, the Network expanded from 18 to 36 institutions across 20 countries and its technical scope has grown to cover antimicrobial use surveillance, emerging antimicrobial resistance, fungal antimicrobial resistance and national action plans. This paper presents a process evaluation of the network, focusing on its development between 2016 and 2025, its contribution to tackling antimicrobial resistance and the challenges faced. Information from documentation and structured interviews indicate that the network played a central role in developing surveillance standards, strengthening laboratory and epidemiology capacity, and helping countries implement surveillance. Challenges persist: network representation is uneven across geographical regions, coordination of resources is limited, and the network's impact is incompletely documented. To maximize its potential, the network must improve output tracking, expand membership from low- and middle-income countries and create subnetworks for specific topics and regions. The analysis offers lessons on how WHO collaborating centre networks can serve as strategic enablers of actions on global health, provided they are adequately supported and integrated into broader implementation frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"259-273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of donor exclusion criteria on blood safety and volume of donations: a systematic review of modelling studies.","authors":"Luce Mosselmans, Mart P Janssen, Hendrik B Feys, Emmy de Buck, Fritz Schiltz, Peter Vandenberghe, Philippe Vandekerckhove, Hans Van Remoortel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294318","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of easing bans and deferral policies on blood donation from men who have sex with men on blood safety and volume from modelling studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched four databases (PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL and Web of Science) for modelling studies on the impact of replacing bans or deferrals on blood donations from men who have sex with men with shorter deferral periods or no deferrals. We synthesized and compared findings from the different modelling studies, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Fourteen publications were included in the study. All the studies estimated the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) residual risk of an HIV-infected blood donation being received, going undetected through screening and entering the blood supply. Despite medium to large increases in risks (up to three-fold) in relaxing donor policies for men who have sex with men, the absolute HIV residual risk remained very low in all scenarios, ranging between 0.05 and 1.1 HIV-positive units per million donations. The increase in donors ranged from 0.04% to 2.10%. No models covered other transfusion-transmissible infections such as syphilis or hepatitis C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modelled HIV residual risk estimates increased slightly with relaxed policies on donations from men who have sex with men. However, differences in risk and blood volume estimates between different policies are generally very small. To support decisions on easing donor policies for men who have sex with men, models should also quantify residual risks for non-HIV transfusion-transmissible infections, such as syphilis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 4","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO's criteria for ethical health research priority-setting in the context of climate change.","authors":"Bridget Pratt, Rieke van der Graaf, Gabrielle Samuel","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.293973","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.293973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health research on climate change has increased substantially in recognition of the impact of climate change on human health. This research raises new ethical questions for health research priority-setting, including how to prioritize research on climate change and health versus other types of health research unrelated to climate change, and how to prioritize among different health research projects focused on climate change. In this paper, we focus on the latter. We consider whether the ethical criteria for health research priority-setting recently proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) should be used by funders when allocating resources among health research projects focused on climate change. The WHO criteria were developed in response to imbalances around who controls and sets health research agendas and who benefits from them. The four criteria for ethical research priority-setting are optimizing social value, following fair procedures, respecting special obligations and assessing risks. We first show that these criteria are relevant to priority-setting for research on climate change and health because evidence suggests that the above-mentioned imbalances may exist when allocating resources to climate change and health research. We next assess whether the four criteria can help reduce imbalances in who controls and who benefits from resource allocation to such research. Our analyses indicate that the WHO criteria can help if further specifications are included for research on climate change and health. We provide recommendations for how to further specify the criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A healthy cities agenda for extreme heat adaptation in urban settings.","authors":"Alaha Nasari, Sammer Marzouk","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294493","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme heat has become a predictable urban health emergency. Here, we synthesize evidence from 2024 and 2025 from peer-reviewed studies, multilateral agency reports and city heat-action plans on urban heat adaptation and health. Based on this evidence, we propose a city-level agenda grounded in the World Health Organization Healthy Cities framework. We outline interventions with demonstrated benefits, including urban greening and blue infrastructure (such as rivers, canals, wetlands and other urban water features that reduce ambient temperatures), cool roofs and reflective pavements, shaded pedestrian and transit corridors, as well as housing retrofits that prioritize passive cooling and equitable access to efficient cooling. We place equal emphasis on health-system readiness: impact-based early warning, surge protocols, clinician training, cooling centres and strengthened surveillance. We examine implementation challenges in financing, governance, equity, technical capacity and regulation, and propose practical city governance responses. We emphasize two contributions to urban heat adaptation policy and practice: hyperlocal targeting tools to maximize equity and effectiveness, and positioning health systems alongside infrastructure, rather than treating adaptation as a purely built-environment intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"163-167"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12950271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of decision science to ethical priority-setting in climate and health research.","authors":"Neil Singh Bedi, S Skye Yoden, Ankur Pandya","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.294063","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.294063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"104 3","pages":"197-199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}