Bulletin of the World Health Organization最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring of health inequalities to improve health equity.","authors":"Nicole Bergen, Katherine Kirkby, Devaki Nambiar, Anne Schlotheuber, Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.293053","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.24.293053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"231-231A"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension diagnosis and management in Bamako, Mali.","authors":"Issiaka Camara, Mohamed Traore, Mamoudou Maiga, Dike Ojji, Jane Holl, Souleymane Coulibaly, Mark D Huffman","doi":"10.2471/BLT.23.290658","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.23.290658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>The capacity and site readiness for delivering hypertension management services in Mali were unknown, hindering the effective implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We selected one tertiary and two secondary hospitals to be assessed. From December 2021 to January 2022, hospital cardiologists collected data on indicators of capacity and site readiness using an adapted version of the WHO service availability and readiness assessment questionnaire. The study team verified the collected data through site inspection and review of administrative documents.</p><p><strong>Local setting: </strong>Mali, a low-income country with a population of 22 395 489, had an estimated hypertension prevalence among adults of 35% in 2019. Most people with hypertension receive care from primary care clinicians, but there are no national hypertension treatment guidelines.</p><p><strong>Relevant changes: </strong>The tertiary hospital had a larger workforce (392 personnel) compared to the two other sites (124 and  182 personnel, respectively) and treated approximately three times more patients with high blood pressure (324 patients versus 106 and 132 patients, respectively). Diuretics and centrally acting agents were the only antihypertensive medications available at all three sites. While all three sites had the capacity to diagnose and confirm hypertension, only one site was fully equipped to provide comprehensive hypertension treatment.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Political engagement is important for expanding service availability and readiness assessments across health-care facilities, and supporting the implementation and funding of the HEARTS package. Improving access to antihypertensive medications will be essential to ensuring better treatment options for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shanna H Swan: environmental exposure to chemicals and their consequences for human fertility.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.030425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.030425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shanna H Swan talks to Gary Humphreys about the impact on human health of exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"236-237"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An international guideline training and certification programme.","authors":"Holger J Schünemann, Patrick Okwen, Elie Akl, Paul Chrisp, Philipp Dahm, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Ivan D Florez, Markus Follmann, Elaine Harrow, Mouna Jameleddine, Miloslav Klugar, Miranda Langendam, Gillian Leng, Grigorios Leontiadis, Tamara Lotfi, Bogne Penka Marthe, Joerg Meerpohl, Zachary Munn, Ignacio Neumann, Thomas Piggott, Amir Qaseem, Nancy Santesso, Shahnaz Sultan, Wojtek Wiercioch, Jun Xia, Robby Nieuwlaat","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.291587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"281-284"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate, conflict and displacement in the Sahel.","authors":"Ejemai Eboreime, Omolayo Anjorin, Chisom Obi-Jeff, Tunde M Ojo, Attila Hertelendy","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"230-230A"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In this month's Bulletin.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.000425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.25.000425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine rabies vaccination, surveillance and public awareness programme in Beijing, China, 2014-2024.","authors":"Qi Yu, Jiyu Liu, Haojun Zhao, Huiling Chen, Yuxuan Xiang, Qingbin Liu, Li Mei, Wei Zhang, Minheng Cheng, Zhen Li, Runian Bai, Linlin Zhu, Liuqing Zhang, Songli Li","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.291497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.291497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the operation and outcomes of an integrated dog-mediated rabies elimination programme in the Beijing municipality, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Beginning in 2014, the Beijing Animal Disease Control Center launched a dog-mediated rabies elimination programme in collaboration with local government and nongovernmental organizations. The programme involved: (i) a compulsory canine rabies vaccination campaign; (ii) rabies surveillance of local dog populations; (iii) educational rabies awareness programmes in public areas and schools; and (iv) the establishment of an online service platform to strengthen communications on rabies with the public.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>By 2023, 664 canine rabies vaccination sites had been established in the Beijing municipality, which comprises seven urban districts and nine districts with rural areas. The proportion of dogs with rabies antibodies increased from 64.7% (1115/1723) in 2014, before the programme, to 86.4% (1481/1715) in 2017 and stayed around 80% in subsequent years. In 2022, for the first time, no rabies was reported in dogs that injured people. Concurrently, the annual number of reported human rabies cases dropped from 11 in 2015 to zero in 2021, with no subsequent cases reported up until the third quarter of 2024.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rabies elimination programme met the goal of eliminating human rabies infections in the Beijing municipality and demonstrated that dog-mediated rabies elimination is achievable at the provincial level. The experience gained could serve as a practical guide for dog-mediated rabies control in both urban and rural areas of China and in other countries facing similar challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mobile messaging service for families on postnatal knowledge and practices: a cluster randomized trial, India.","authors":"Jamie Sewan Johnston, Pooja Suri, Shirley Yan, Adithi Chandrasekar, Saumya Singla, Victoria C Ward, Seema Murthy","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of a mobile messaging service that delivers World Health Organization recommendations on postnatal care to families from birth through six weeks postpartum via a messaging platform.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomized tertiary hospitals in four Indian states into two groups. In the treatment group, 15 hospitals promoted the messaging service to families in maternity wards before discharge following a recent birth. Nine control hospitals provided standard in-hospital information. From mid-March 2021 to mid-January 2022, we recruited mothers to participate in the study. Consenting mothers completed a face-to-face baseline survey before hospital discharge after birth and a follow-up phone survey roughly 6 weeks postpartum. Using logistic regression controlling for state-fixed effects and baseline covariates, we examine intent-to-treat estimates and report risk differences.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 21 937 participants met the inclusion criteria. We observed significant positive impacts in 7 out of 11 neonatal and maternal care practices examined (<i>P</i>-values < 0.05). Breastfeeding increased by 3.1 percentage points, recommended cord care practices by 4.1 percentage points, skin-to-skin care with mothers by 9.2 percentage points, and skin-to-skin care by fathers by 2.2 percentage points. For recommended maternal dietary practices, we observed significant increases in adherence to guidelines advising no reduction of food intake (7.1 percentage points), no reduction of water intake (7.9 percentage points) and no restrictions on food items (10.8 percentage point; <i>P</i>-values < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that concise yet comprehensive digital messaging delivered to families during the postpartum period can effectively encourage recommended postnatal care practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in coverage following an equity-oriented strategy for introducing new vaccines, Peru, 2004-2022.","authors":"Larissa A N Silva, Francine S Costa, Bianca O Cata-Preta, Luis Huicho, Claudio F Lanata, Maria Ana Mendoza Araujo, Theresa J Ochoa, Tewodaj Mengistu, Dan Hogan, Aluisio J D Barros, Cesar G Victora","doi":"10.2471/BLT.24.292434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.24.292434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the outcome of Peru's strategy to introduce new vaccines in the poorest regions with high child mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from nationally representative annual health surveys conducted between 2004 and 2022. We examined associations between vaccine coverage and poverty (proportion of households in the poorest 40% of the national wealth index) at the ecological level using the country's 25 regions and at the individual child level using household wealth quintiles. We obtained vaccination data from home-based records.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The surveys included 49 023 children aged 18-29 months. In the ecological analyses, coverage for <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b, pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines was positively associated with poverty prevalence in the initial post-introduction period, but these associations disappeared over time. In contrast, the individual-level analyses indicated that children from wealthier families were consistently more likely to be vaccinated than children from poorer families. In the most recent period (2018-2022), vaccination coverage in the wealthiest quintile was about 10 percentage points higher than in the poorest quintile. Coverage levels for boys and girls were similar. Children whose low-income families were enrolled in the <i>Juntos</i> cash transfer programme had higher coverage than the rest of the population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strategy increased coverage in the poorest districts initially and, as national coverage grew, regional disparities were eliminated. However, socioeconomic differences persisted, with wealthier children maintaining higher vaccination rates throughout the study. To eliminate these disparities, geographic targeting should be complemented with household-level targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 4","pages":"266-274"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling friendship.","authors":"","doi":"10.2471/BLT.25.020325","DOIUrl":"10.2471/BLT.25.020325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Can a community-driven mental health initiative be integrated into a government health system without losing its essence? Gary Humphreys reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":9465,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","volume":"103 3","pages":"182-183"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}