Cancer reports最新文献

{"title":"Knockdown of RPL28 Inhibits the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Runbiao Luo,&nbsp;Guozhong Wu,&nbsp;Zhouzhou Xie,&nbsp;Yuchen Xiao,&nbsp;Wenbiao Zhu,&nbsp;Huiming Jiang","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70683","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70683","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive histological subtype of kidney cancer. Previous studies have implicated ribosomal protein L28 (RPL28) in the progression of various cancers; however, its role in ccRCC remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the expression, prognostic significance, and potential biological role of RPL28 in ccRCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RPL28 expression data and corresponding clinicopathological information were obtained from the UCSC Xena platform, and pan-cancer expression patterns were assessed using TIMER2.0. RPL28 expression was further validated in clinical ccRCC tissue samples. Prognostic, immune-infiltration, and drug-sensitivity analyses were performed, and the biological effects of RPL28 were evaluated using lentivirus-mediated knockdown in ccRCC cells. RPL28 was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues and was associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), as well as adverse clinicopathological features, including higher histological grade, advanced <i>T</i> stage, distant metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. Immune analyses revealed associations between RPL28 expression and selected features of the ccRCC immune microenvironment, while pharmacogenomic analyses suggested potential associations between RPL28 expression and predicted sensitivity to selected targeted agents. In vitro, RPL28 knockdown significantly inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation and migration. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), together with experimental findings, further suggested that RPL28 may be involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related processes in ccRCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RPL28 is overexpressed in ccRCC and is associated with poor survival outcomes, malignant cellular phenotypes, EMT-related signaling, selected immune-microenvironmental features, and predicted therapeutic-response phenotypes. These findings suggest that RPL28 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in ccRCC, although further mechanistic and clinical validation is required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-Line PD-1 Inhibitor-Based Therapy for Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Revised Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Trials","authors":"Vincent Rothweiler,&nbsp;Christoph Roderburg,&nbsp;Muemtaz Koeksal,&nbsp;Björn Erik Ole Jensen,&nbsp;Torsten Feldt,&nbsp;Ilyas Gencer,&nbsp;Johannes C. Fischer,&nbsp;Wilfried Budach,&nbsp;Wolfram Trudo Knoefel,&nbsp;Guangyu Lu,&nbsp;Edwin Bölke","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70660","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70660","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune checkpoint blockade has changed the first-line treatment landscape for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the magnitude and consistency of benefit across phase III trials require careful synthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a PRISMA 2020-guided systematic review of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science (January 1, 2015 to April 30, 2025) for phase III randomized trials comparing first-line PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy with chemotherapy in advanced/metastatic ESCC. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were safety and prespecified subgroup outcomes. RoB 2 was used for risk-of-bias assessment; certainty of evidence was judged with GRADE. A fixed-effect inverse-variance model was prespecified for the primary common-effect analysis, with random-effects and sensitivity analyses performed secondarily.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six eligible phase III trials were included in the primary analysis (KEYNOTE-590 ESCC subgroup, CheckMate-648 nivolumab-plus-chemotherapy arm, ESCORT-1st, JUPITER-06, ORIENT-15, and RATIONALE-306). Across the six parent-trial reports, 4137 patients were randomized overall; for pooling, KEYNOTE-590 was restricted to the prespecified ESCC subgroup and CheckMate-648 to the nivolumab-plus-chemotherapy comparison. PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy significantly improved OS versus chemotherapy alone (pooled HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.63–0.74; <i>I</i>² = 0%, interpreted as low statistical heterogeneity with caution because only six studies were pooled). Qualitative assessment indicated that the treatment effect was generally larger in PD-L1-high populations; however, biomarker-defined subgroup data were not sufficiently harmonized for formal pooling, and the magnitude of benefit in very low or PD-L1-negative disease remains uncertain. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were common in both arms, whereas immune-related toxicities were more frequent with PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy and required active monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>First-line PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy confers a robust OS benefit in advanced/metastatic ESCC and supports chemoimmunotherapy as a contemporary standard of care. Remaining uncertainties relate mainly to biomarker-negative disease, assay heterogeneity, and cross-trial differences in chemotherapy backbone and geographic composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Integration Identifies a Five-Gene Metabolic Signature With Experimental Validation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Yi Peng,&nbsp;Suobing Qin,&nbsp;Xiwen Li,&nbsp;Lijun Wan,&nbsp;Rijian Guan","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70673","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70673","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is hallmarked by profound metabolic reprogramming; however, its intricate crosstalk with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its clinical ramifications remain inadequately elucidated. This study aims to systematically decipher the metabolic-immune interplay in ccRCC through multi-omics integration, with the goal of identifying robust prognostic biomarkers and actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study aims to systematically decipher the metabolic–immune interplay in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through multi‑omics integration, and to identify robust prognostic biomarkers and actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities that can inform precision risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We integrated bulk transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data from multiple ccRCC cohorts. Differential expression and functional enrichment analyses were performed to characterize metabolic pathway alterations. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to infer causal relationships between metabolic disorders and ccRCC risk. A machine learning-based prognostic framework, incorporating SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for feature interpretability, was constructed and rigorously validated. TIME heterogeneity was dissected using deconvolution algorithms, while drug sensitivity, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and TIDE scores were utilized to assess therapeutic responses and immune evasion. Candidate gene function was evaluated through in vitro gain- and loss-of-function assays, with expression validated via TCGA, HPA, western blot, and qRT-PCR.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Enrichment analysis identified coordinated dysregulation in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and hypoxia response pathways. MR analysis confirmed lipid metabolism disorders as a causal risk factor for ccRCC. Our machine-learning model, centered on five core SHAP-identified features (SUCLA2, ACAT1, PC, SUCLG1, and HMGCS2), demonstrated superior predictive accuracy over conventional clinical staging. Immune profiling unveiled dichotomous TIME states: the low-risk group retained active immune surveillance, whereas the high-risk group was enriched with immunosuppressive subsets. Drug sensitivity screening pinpointed LY2109761 and carmustine as high-risk-specific candidate agents. Furthermore, TMB and TIDE analyses stratified high-risk patients displaying genomic instability a","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progesterone Is Associated With Increased Vasohibin-2 Expression, Tubulin Detyrosination, and Paclitaxel Sensitivity in PR-Negative Ovarian Cancer Cells","authors":"Takahiro Koyanagi,&nbsp;Yasushi Saga,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Takahashi,&nbsp;Kohei Tamura,&nbsp;Eri Suizu,&nbsp;Kazuki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Akiyo Taneichi,&nbsp;Yuji Takei,&nbsp;Hiroaki Mizukami,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Fujiwara","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70681","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70681","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progesterone induces rapid cellular responses in progesterone receptor (PR)-negative ovarian cancer cells that are consistent with non-genomic progesterone signaling. Vasohibin-2 (VASH2), originally identified as a pro-angiogenic factor, has recently been recognized as a tubulin carboxypeptidase involved in microtubule regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the association of progesterone treatment with VASH2-related molecular changes and paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two PR-negative ovarian cancer cell lines expressing membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) were treated with progesterone. VASH2 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, whereas detyrosinated tubulin and cyclin B1 expression were assessed by western blotting. Paclitaxel and gemcitabine sensitivities were determined using WST-1 cell viability assays.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progesterone treatment was associated with increased VASH2 mRNA expression, enhanced tubulin detyrosination, cyclin B1 accumulation, and significantly reduced paclitaxel IC₅₀ values in both cell lines. In contrast, progesterone had no significant effect on gemcitabine sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progesterone treatment was associated with increased VASH2 expression, enhanced tubulin detyrosination, and increased paclitaxel sensitivity in PR-negative ovarian cancer cells. These findings provide in vitro evidence supporting further mechanistic and preclinical investigation of progesterone as a potential adjunct to paclitaxel therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Relapsed/Refractory Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL): A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Constantin Klenner,&nbsp;Josef Singer","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70684","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70684","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed the landscape of clinical oncology, their application in rare malignancies such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) remains limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report a patient with relapsed/refractory (r/r) ALCL treated at the University Hospital Krems who achieved sustained complete remission under PD-1 blockade after multiple prior lines of therapy. In addition, we performed a literature review and identified three previously published cases. Across the four reported patients, all achieved complete remission and remained progression-free throughout their respective observation periods, ranging from 4 to 33 months. Where patient-level safety data were available, reported adverse events were manageable and consistent with known immune-related toxicities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although based on very limited data, these observations suggest potential clinical activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in r/r ALCL. They also underscore the urgent need for prospective studies to validate efficacy and safety in larger cohorts. Future research should incorporate biomarker analyses to refine patient selection and explore rational treatment combinations, such as ICI with Brentuximab Vedotin, in order to broaden therapeutic opportunities for this challenging disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous Bornavirus-Like Nucleoprotein 1 Regulates Cellular Processes and DNA Double-Strand Breaks in U-87 MG Glioblastoma Cells","authors":"Jing Liang,&nbsp;Dongdong Zeng,&nbsp;Yujie Guo,&nbsp;Cuiyuan Jing,&nbsp;Lin Tang,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Luo,&nbsp;Peng He","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70680","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70680","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common brain cancer with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. DNA damage repair plays a crucial role in GBM carcinogenesis and treatment resistance. Human endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein 1 (EBLN1) regulates cellular processes and genetic stability. However, the biological role of EBLN1 in GBM remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to determine the role of EBLN1 in the regulation of cellular processes and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in GBM and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>U-87 MG GBM cells were infected with an shRNA-expressing lentivirus to knock down EBLN1. Then, cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated. The levels of DSBs, as well as the activities of two key DSB repair regulators—ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and breast cancer Type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)—were detected. Furthermore, after reactivating ATM, cellular processes and the levels of DSBs were re-detected to verify the mechanisms underlying EBLN1-mediated DNA repair regulation in GBM. EBLN1-silenced U-87 MG cells displayed a significant reduction in cell growth as early as the second day postinfection (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and a higher apoptosis ratio (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). After EBLN1-silencing, U-87 MG cells exhibited a remarkable increase in the expression of γH2AX (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and significantly lower expression levels of ATM and BRCA1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). After reactivation of ATM in EBLN1-silenced U-87 MG cells, DSB levels in the treated cells were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Meanwhile, cell proliferation was significantly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while apoptosis was markedly suppressed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uncovers a novel molecular mechanism that EBLN1 regulates cellular processes via modulating DNA double-strand break repair in glioblastoma cells, providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of GBM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel BRCA1 Pathogenic Variant in Tunisian Patient With High Grade Ovarian Cancer: Favorable Therapeutic Response to Olaparib","authors":"Nihel Ammous-Boukhris,&nbsp;Rania Abdelmaksoud-Dammak,&nbsp;Ameni Feki,&nbsp;Souhir Khemiri,&nbsp;Slim Charfi,&nbsp;Tahia Sallemi-Boudawara,&nbsp;Jamel Daoud,&nbsp;Afef Khanfir,&nbsp;Raja Mokdad Gargouri","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70658","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70658","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death from gynecological cancer worldwide. Genetic mutations in genes involved in key cellular functions such as <i>BRCA1/2</i> play a central role in tumorigenesis and have major implications for targeted therapeutic strategies, especially the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, we described a case of a 50-year-old woman diagnosed with severe anemia secondary to heavy menometrorrhagia. Initial gynecological evaluation, including transvaginal ultrasound, was unremarkable, and endometrial biopsy was not indicated. Imaging revealed no ovarian abnormalities; however, exploratory laparotomy identified a peritoneal nodule, leading to further investigation. Targeted NGS was performed on somatic and germline DNA samples and showed a frame shift deletion of 10 bp (c.1256_1265del: p.R419Ter) in the <i>BRCA1</i> gene. This variant, identified only in tumor tissues, is novel and classified as pathogenic in ClinVar and ACMG databases. Additional somatic alterations were detected in <i>TP53</i> and <i>MSH6</i>, while germline testing revealed only a variant of uncertain significance in <i>BARD1</i>. After first-line chemotherapy, the patient benefited from olaparib and achieved a progression-free survival of 23 months with good tolerance and no evidence of disease recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This finding highlights the importance of integrating tumor-based genomic profiling with germline testing to identify actionable mutations and guide precision oncology. The identification of a novel somatic <i>BRCA1</i> mutation expands the mutational spectrum of HGSOC and underscores the need to include underrepresented populations, such as those from North Africa, in genomic studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Temporal Muscle Thickness and Survival in Older Patients With Brain Metastases Undergoing Radiation Therapy","authors":"Lasse Pikkarainen,&nbsp;Tommi K. Korhonen,&nbsp;Antti Tolonen,&nbsp;Emilia K. Pesonen,&nbsp;Nicole Hernandez,&nbsp;Tanja Skyttä,&nbsp;Otso Arponen","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70671","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70671","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Finding reliable prognostic markers for patients with brain metastases would be beneficial since they could be used in clinical practice when making treatment decisions. Recent literature has analyzed the role of temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) as a prognostic marker in patients with brain metastases with mixed results. Previous studies have generally focused on patients younger than 65 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TMT measured from head CT scans on the prognosis of patients with brain metastases receiving radiotherapy aged 70 years or older.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified all patients with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy and measured their TMT from head CT scans at the date of treatment planning CT scans. The patients' demographic data, primary tumor, and treatment allocation were recorded. Sex-specific cut-offs for low TMT (males: 4.3 mm, females: 3.975 mm) were determined by maximizing Youden's index for 3-month survival. We evaluated the association between TMT and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month overall survival (OS) using Cox proportional hazards modelling. This retrospective study included 249 patients. The mean age of the patients in the cohort was 76.0 ± 4.9 years. Male patients had higher TMT than females (4.7 ± 1.6 vs. 3.7 ± 1.5 mm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Altogether, 35 (14.1%), 125 (50.2%), 178 (71.5%), and 216 (86.7%) patients had deceased at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month points, respectively. Although having low TMT was associated with a higher risk of death at 3- and 6-month timepoints (hazard ratio range: 1.41–1.54) in univariate analyses, TMT was not associated with 3- or 6-month survival after adjustment for other clinical factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low TMT is not an independent marker of lower prognosis in patients aged 70 years or older with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Erythrina excelsa Baker (Fabaceae) Bark Extracts","authors":"Jonas Walantini,&nbsp;Marius Trésor Kemegne Sipping,&nbsp;Merline Nguedia Ymele,&nbsp;Roland Nhouma Rebe,&nbsp;Joël Abel Gbaweng Yaya,&nbsp;Derek Tantoh Ndinteh,&nbsp;Dieudonné Njamen,&nbsp;Stéphane Zingue","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70642","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer remains a topic of interest due to its high mortality rate among Cameroonian women. The barks of <i>Erythrina excelsa</i> are traditionally used for medicinal purposes in the management of various conditions including cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer effects of <i>Erythrina excelsa</i> bark extract in vitro and in vivo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP) were conducted to determine secondary metabolite content and free radical scavenging capacity. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. In vivo chemopreventive efficacy was evaluated using a DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in 42 female rats aged 55 to 65 days (~100 g), except the normal group (<i>n</i> = 7). The normal (NOR) and negative (DMBA) groups were treated daily with the vehicle (2% ethanol in distilled water) while the positive (Tamox) and test groups received tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg) and <i>Erythrina excelsa</i> extract (75, 150, 300 mg/kg BW), respectively for 20 weeks. Tumor parameters, serum biomarkers (CA 15–3, cytokines), oxidative stress markers, hematological and biochemical indices, and organ toxicity were assessed. As results, both aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of <i>E. excelsa</i> inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h, induced apoptosis, and promoted G2/M cell cycle arrest. In vivo, <i>E. excelsa</i> aqueous extract (AE) significantly reduced tumor incidence, volume, and weight in a DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis rat model, while lowering serum CA15-3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12). Treatment also enhanced antioxidant defenses (SOD, catalase, GSH), reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA), improved hematological and biochemical parameters, and mitigated DMBA-induced hepatic and renal toxicity, without evidence of systemic side effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Erythrina excelsa</i> barks exhibited an anticancer potential mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and cell cycle–modulating effects, and support its further investigation as a promising natural source for cancer therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Comparison and Combined Model Optimization Based on DCE-MRI Radiomics for Preoperative Assessment of Lymphovascular Invasion in Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Hongen Li, Qingwen Xiao, Yihui Zeng, Xia Wang, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70678","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70678","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;To explore the value of constructing a radiomics combined model based on preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for predicting lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective data collection was performed from December 2022 to November 2025, involving 912 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer who underwent DCE-MRI examinations at two medical centers. Data from 757 patients at Center 1 (Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital) were used as the model development set. Through stratified random sampling, this set was divided into a training set (n = 529) and an internal validation set (n = 228) at a 7:3 ratio. The 155 patients from Center 2 (The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University) formed an independent external test set. Three-dimensional regions of interest (ROIs) were manually delineated on DCE-MRI images, and 1197 radiomics features were extracted using the PyRadiomics software. Within the training set, key features were selected through univariate analysis (p &lt; 0.05) using Pearson correlation analysis (|r| &lt; 0.9) and LASSO regression (10-fold cross-validation). Key features were evaluated using logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), extreme trees (ET), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to construct radiomics models, identifying the model with the highest predictive performance. Simultaneously, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors for breast cancer LVI from clinical and pathological characteristics, and a clinical model was constructed. A combined model was constructed by integrating the independent risk factors for breast cancer LVI with the optimal radiomics model, and a nomogram was developed. The predictive performance and clinical utility of each model for breast cancer LVI were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on DCE-MRI images, 18 key features were ultimately selected for constructing the radiomics model. Among these, the ExtraTrees radiomics model demonstrated the highest predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.812 (95% CI: 0.7768-0.8480) on the training set and 0.653 (95% CI: 0.5977-0.7081), with accuracy superior to the other nine machine learning models in the validation set. Independent risk factors for breast cancer LVI included sentinel lymph node status, ER, and TIC, which were used to construct a clinical model. The AUC values for the training set were 0.700 (95% CI: 0.6557-0.7440), 0.752 (95% CI: 0.7101-0.7933), and 0.796 (95% CI: 0.7582-0.8341","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":"e70678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13572034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}