Cancer reports最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Zolbetuximab-Associated Hypoalbuminemia in Claudin 18.2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Taro Mizuno, Yukiya Narita, Taiju Ando, Yasunobu Ishizuka, Sho Umegaki, Kazunori Honda, Toshiki Masuishi, Hiroya Taniguchi, Shigenori Kadowaki, Masashi Ando, Masahiro Tajika, Kei Muro","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70709","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypoalbuminemia has been recognized as a characteristic adverse event associated with zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy in the treatment of claudin 18.2-positive advanced gastric cancer. However, its incidence, clinical predictors, and management in real-world settings remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to characterize the course of hypoalbuminemia during zolbetuximab-based therapy and identify factors associated with its severity and recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy at a single center, tracking serial serum albumin levels. Severe hypoalbuminemia was defined as a nadir albumin < 2.0 g/dL and/or a ≥ 1.0 g/dL decrease from baseline. Associations between severe hypoalbuminemia and clinicopathological factors were assessed, along with its management strategies. A total of 39 patients were included in the analysis. Hypoalbuminemia occurred in all patients, and 20 (51.3%) developed severe hypoalbuminemia. Prior total gastrectomy was associated with a lower incidence of severe hypoalbuminemia (0% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.02), whereas persistent nausea and/or vomiting beyond the zolbetuximab infusion during the first cycle was associated with a higher risk (63.0% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.04). Recovery of serum albumin levels was observed in 18 patients (46.2%) and occurred more frequently among those who temporarily interrupted zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy or zolbetuximab alone (66.7% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe hypoalbuminemia was common in patients receiving zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy in real-world practice. The absence of prior total gastrectomy and the presence of persistent post-infusion nausea and/or vomiting may help identify patients at risk. The observed association between temporary treatment interruption and albumin recovery may provide insights into the management of hypoalbuminemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 10","pages":"e70709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Mutations and Signaling Network Interactions to Guide Precision Therapy in Gallbladder Cancer","authors":"Nisha Manav,&nbsp;Akanksha Kashyap,&nbsp;Lakshay Malhotra,&nbsp;Chethan Rajegowda,&nbsp;Chandra Prakash Prasad","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70699","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biologically complex malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the gallbladder, with adenocarcinoma constituting the major histological subtype. Early detection is challenging because of vague clinical manifestations and the organ's deep-seated anatomical location, resulting in diagnosis at advanced stages and limited treatment options. Consequently, patients often experience poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates. Clinical and translational studies have demonstrated marked biological heterogeneity in GBC, primarily driven by diverse molecular alterations that fuel tumor initiation and progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, we investigated recurrently mutated genes in GBC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) gallbladder cohorts, focusing on genes with a mutation frequency above a pre-specified threshold (≥ 5% in at least one dataset). We then cross-referenced these genes with published literature till date in GBC and other solid tumors where the same variants have been functionally characterized as loss-of-function or gain-of-function. “Likely loss of function” was assigned only when mutations were annotated in OncoKB/COSMIC as truncating/nonsense or as missense variants with experimental or strong computational evidence of functional impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation and the functional impact of prominent mutations viz. TP53, SMAD4, PIK3CA, CDKN2A, ARID1A, ARID2, KRAS, ELF3, ERBB3, ERBB2, STK11, and CTNNB1 on key cellular signaling pathways that regulate GBC initiation and progression. These alterations influence various oncogenic mechanisms, including cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis evasion, and metastatic potential, by disrupting pathways. By comparing the mutational patterns observed in GBC with those reported in other malignancies sharing analogous molecular signatures, we delineate potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mutation-guided therapeutic approaches hold great promise for advancing precision medicine in GBC. By tailoring treatments to the specific molecular alterations driving tumor development, this could pave the way for more effective interventions and improved patient outcomes in a disease long constrained by limited therapeutic options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deepening the Understanding of Platelet-Derived RNA as Biomarker for Glioblastoma Through GSEA, TDEA, and Elastic Net Regularization Analysis","authors":"Anna Giczewska,&nbsp;Krzysztof Pastuszak,&nbsp;Leon van Hout,&nbsp;Edward Post,&nbsp;Jip Ramaker,&nbsp;Ken Zwaan,&nbsp;Anna Supernat,&nbsp;Bart A. Westerman","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70656","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. Blood platelets have emerged as biomarkers where their RNA expression pattern indicates a tumor's presence. Our study aimed to characterize these patterns to identify biological processes associated with GBM and to evaluate their potential as a non-invasive biomarker.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed platelet RNA-seq expression profiles from 84 GBM patients and 319 healthy individuals using two complementary analytical approaches of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Threshold-based Differential Expression Analysis with Elastic Net regularization. Together, these approaches may offer complementary perspectives on biological pathways associated with GBM and the descriptive functional annotation of a predictive platelet RNA gene signature, providing insight into platelet-tumor interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our GSEA broad analysis highlighted platelet-related biological processes, including coagulation, wound healing, immune regulation, and cytoskeletal organization. The Elastic Net framework additionally suggested pathways related to immune activation, cell signaling, and protein folding. Overall, these findings may suggest that platelet-derived RNA not only has potential as a non-invasive biomarker but may also provide insight into the systemic biological processes associated with the GBM tumor microenvironment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data suggests that platelet-derived RNA may reflect biological processes associated with the GBM tumor microenvironment, where wound repair and immune-related processes may play important roles. Our findings provide a resource for further research into the mechanisms that may underlie the pathophysiology and progression of glioblastoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for Financial Toxicity Among Sarcoma Patients During and Following Treatment Across the Lifespan","authors":"Michael J. Robinson,&nbsp;Lili Sun,&nbsp;Tatsuki Koyama,&nbsp;Emma A. Schremp,&nbsp;Grace Aronoff,&nbsp;Tulio Guimaraes,&nbsp;Taylor A. Stokes,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Davis,&nbsp;Vicki Keedy,&nbsp;Scott C. Borinstein,&nbsp;Herbert S. Schwartz,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Halpern,&nbsp;Joshua M. Lawrenz,&nbsp;Daniel Johnson,&nbsp;Timothy Su,&nbsp;Leo Luo,&nbsp;Travis Osterman,&nbsp;Tuya Pal,&nbsp;Ben H. Park,&nbsp;Xiao-Ou Shu,&nbsp;Debra L. Friedman,&nbsp;Eric T. Shinohara","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70686","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Financial toxicity (FT) describes the impact of cancer and treatment-related financial burden. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for FT among sarcoma patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sarcoma cohort was constructed to assess health outcomes. FT was measured via “COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity” (COST), where lower scores indicate greater FT. COST scores were evaluated in association with patient demographics, clinical data, and psychosocial/functional domains (PROMIS-57) using multivariable linear regression. Subgroup analyses evaluated patients on- versus off-therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 1125 participants (515 on/610 off therapy), median COST was 27.0 (IQR 18.0, 35.0), with absent, mild, moderate, and severe FT seen in 55.4%, 29.2%, 15.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Lower FT was associated with increasing age (+1.28; 95% CI 0.86, 1.70), male sex (+1.93; 0.78, 3.08), and higher income (+0.87; 0.72, 1.01). Increased FT was associated with non-White race (−1.79; −3.41, −0.13), larger households (−0.73; −1.25, −0.22), metastatic disease (−2.36; −3.80, −0.91), and active treatment (−1.61; −2.97, −0.24). Subgroup analyses demonstrated similar results regarding age, sex, income, and metastatic disease among on-therapy and age, income, and household members among off-therapy. Eight hundred and thirty-two participants completed both the PROMIS-57 and COST. FT was associated with anxiety (−0.77; −1.45, −0.08), depression (−2.11; −2.96, −1.26), pain interference (−1.36; −2.17, −0.55), and sleep disturbance (−0.68; −1.35, −0.004).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Almost half of participants experienced FT. Risk factors included non-White race, active therapy, larger households, and metastatic disease. Anxiety, depression, pain interference, and sleep disturbance were associated with FT. Screening for FT is needed to develop targeted interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Case Reports","authors":"Shea-Lee Godin,&nbsp;Tyler Kingma,&nbsp;Ashwin Pillai,&nbsp;Obada Kholoki,&nbsp;Agnes S. Kim","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70675","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70675","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reports of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) exhibit considerable heterogeneity, particularly when comparing data from clinical trials and real-world observational studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review of real-world observational studies (case reports and series) reporting cardiovascular irAEs in PubMed and Embase from inception to April 1, 2024. We analyzed 116 case reports from 115 studies and highlighted the commonest irAEs, treatments instituted, and ensuing outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myocarditis was the most common, accompanied frequently by pericarditis and heart failure. Treatment typically included corticosteroids and discontinuation of ICI therapy. Higher doses of corticosteroids appeared promising. Refractory cases benefited from plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, mycophenolate, tacrolimus, or infliximab. Rechallenging ICI therapy after irAEs resulted in mixed outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the heterogeneity of data, analysis of aggregated data from central repositories like Side Effect Registry Immuno-Oncology (SERIO) would be invaluable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fewer Injections and Lower Drug Costs With Long-Acting GnRH Depot Formulations: A Nationwide Analysis of 2.3 Million Patient-Years in Japan","authors":"Takashi Kawahara,&nbsp;Akihito Hashizume,&nbsp;Masanobu Yamazaki,&nbsp;Daiji Takamoto,&nbsp;Teppei Takeshima,&nbsp;Hiroji Uemura,&nbsp;Kazuhide Makiyama,&nbsp;Jun-ichi Teranishi","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70688","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the base of treatment for prostate cancer, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) drugs are given as depot injections. Long-acting formulations may reduce the number of injections and the drug cost, but this impact has not been quantified in real practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the National Database Open Data of Japan from fiscal year (FY) 2017 to FY2024, and studied leuprorelin, goserelin, and degarelix in men aged 40 years or older. Patient-years were estimated by weighting the dispensed quantity by the period that each formulation covers. Descriptive statistics (patient numbers, drug, and formulation shares) were based on all products, whereas the analyses of the number of administrations and drug cost were restricted to originator products. Shapley value decomposition was used to divide the change in injections and in drug cost into factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 2 276 025 patient-years were analyzed. The share of each drug did not change greatly, but a clear shift to long-acting formulations was seen. The 6-month formulation of leuprorelin exceeded the 3-month formulation in FY2021 and was used more often in older patients. The number of patients increased by 12.9% (from 269 328 to 304 181 patient-years; +10.0% for originator products, used for the administration and cost analyses), but injections decreased by 21.5%, from 1 275 081 to 1 000 324. Injections per patient per year decreased from 4.97 to 3.55. The shift to long-acting formulations was the main factor for this decrease (−383 932 injections), and it also reduced the drug cost by 7.7 billion JPY per year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shift to long-acting GnRH formulations was associated with a reduction in injections of about one in five, even though the number of patients increased and was estimated to account for part of the reduction in drug cost. Because the oncological effect is similar among GnRH drugs, a further shift to long-acting formulations may lower the burden on patients and on health care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Mammary Angiosarcoma in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report","authors":"Tingting Liu,&nbsp;Yueqin Xu,&nbsp;Qingwei Wang,&nbsp;Shiya Yu,&nbsp;Hongming Lin,&nbsp;Zeyi Ye,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zheng,&nbsp;Changan Yang,&nbsp;Tianzi Hong","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70653","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70653","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary breast angiosarcoma (PAS) is a rare aggressive mesenchymal breast tumor, which predominantly affects young premenopausal women and is prone to misdiagnosis due to nonspecific clinical and imaging features. Surgical resection is the main treatment, while the efficacy of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. Targeted therapy represents a promising novel therapeutic direction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 51-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a rapidly enlarging left breast mass for over 3 months. Physical examination showed a 4 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm mass with a smooth surface, moderate mobility and no cutaneous changes. The lesion was radically resected via two-stage surgery, and the patient was diagnosed with stage I (T1N0M0) primary left breast angiosarcoma. The patient received sequential adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during more than 5 years of follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different from conventional PAS predominantly occurring in young women, this atypical postmenopausal PAS has high concealment and diagnostic difficulty. This study summarizes the clinical characteristics and diagnostic pitfalls of this rare case, supplements the clinical and prognostic data of postmenopausal PAS, and helps improve clinicians' recognition of atypical PAS to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal NUT Carcinoma With BRD4::NUTM1 Fusion: A 4-Year Clinical Course Highlighting the Limitations of Current Multimodal Therapy","authors":"Masafumi Kanno,&nbsp;Chiai Sasaki,&nbsp;Eiichi Kato,&nbsp;Hoshino Terada,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Hanai,&nbsp;Eiichi Sasaki,&nbsp;Mana Fukushima,&nbsp;Toshiki Masuishi,&nbsp;Keisuke Takanari,&nbsp;Yasuto Fukada,&nbsp;Yuto Miyazaki,&nbsp;Yuki Sonoda,&nbsp;Yukinori Kato,&nbsp;Taiyo Morikawa,&nbsp;Tetsuji Takabayashi,&nbsp;Shigeharu Fujieda","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70679","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70679","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy driven by NUTM1 rearrangement, often misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, with no established standard therapy. This report describes the clinical course and treatment resistance in primary laryngeal NUT carcinoma and provides insights into potential mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 30-year-old man with a laryngeal tumor was initially treated for poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Recurrent disease prompted re-evaluation; NUT carcinoma was diagnosed by NUT immunohistochemistry, and the <i>BRD4</i>::<i>NUTM1</i> fusion was confirmed by molecular analysis. A bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor and alternating vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VDC)/ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) chemotherapy induced transient tumor regression, whereas vorinostat, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other systemic therapies were ineffective. Disease progression was ultimately driven by uncontrolled locoregional recurrence. Autopsy revealed a massive infiltrative tumor with extensive locoregional invasion, whereas distant metastatic disease was limited to minute pulmonary nodules; death resulted from overwhelming infection secondary to uncontrolled locoregional progression rather than systemic metastasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early molecular diagnosis and biologically informed multimodal strategies are essential for managing laryngeal NUT carcinoma and overcoming treatment resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bufalin Inhibits Melanoma Progression and Endothelial Angiogenic Phenotypes via AKT Signaling","authors":"Xiao xuan Zhao,&nbsp;Ming xin Li,&nbsp;Jiang xue Qu","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70674","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70674","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bufalin (BF) exhibits anti-tumor activity in many tumor types. However, there are few reports on BF in melanoma, and its pharmacological effects have not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BF on melanoma and angiogenesis and to explore its possible mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cell viability in melanoma was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle and apoptosis. The migration and invasion were detected via the scratch test and transwell chamber migration assay. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking were performed to predict the potential BF target. Western blotting was conducted to discover the related protein expressions. To evaluate the antitumor activity of bufalin in vivo, subcutaneous xenograft models were established using A375 tumor cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BF had an inhibitory effect on the growth of melanoma cells and arrested cell cycles in the G2/M phase. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay indicated that BF can promote apoptosis. BF also repressed human umbilical vein endothelial cell growth, migration, and tubular structure formation. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that BF inhibition in melanoma may be regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that BF forms a hydrogen bond with AKT1. Western blot analysis revealed that BF repressed the phosphorylated AKT protein level. Bufalin inhibits melanoma tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study results demonstrated that BF exerts antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking and western blot analysis showed that BF plays an anti-tumor role by downregulating the expression of p-AKT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A POLE P286R-Mutated Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Showing Substantial Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition","authors":"Aleksey Chernev,&nbsp;Alina Kaurtseva,&nbsp;Ruslan Abasov,&nbsp;Rafael Enikeev,&nbsp;Nina Gegelia,&nbsp;Gulnara Abdrakova,&nbsp;Natalia Usman,&nbsp;Alexander Druy,&nbsp;Grigory Raskin","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70661","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70661","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) is a rare form of lung cancer with histological and morphological properties of hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by an aggressive course of the disease and unfavorable prognosis. Given the rarity of the pathology and the lack of unambiguous therapeutic protocols, descriptions of clinical cases of HAL deserve attention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe a case of metastatic HAL in a 61-year-old patient, harboring a mismatch repair deficiency associated with the loss of PMS2 protein expression. Molecular-genetic study identified several oncogenic variants including <i>PMS2</i> p.Arg421Ter, <i>PMS2</i> p.Arg107Trp, and <i>POLE</i> p.Pro286Arg and confirmed their somatic status. The laboratory findings clinically justified the use of immunotherapy with pembrolizumab, which afforded stabilization of the disease according to computed tomography data and complete tumor response according to morphological examination data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presented case highlights the room for immunotherapy in the highly aggressive HAL. The <i>POLE</i> p.Pro286Arg missense mutation has been attributed as a predictor for immune checkpoint inhibition efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}