Schizophrenia bulletin open最新文献

{"title":"A Pilot Study Examining Feasibility and Initial Efficacy of Remotely Delivered Cognitive Adaptation Training.","authors":"Dawn I Velligan, Feiyu Li, Veronica Sebastian, Cory Kennedy, Jim Mintz","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive Adaptation Training (CAT) is an evidence-based treatment that uses environmental supports including signs, text messages, checklists, smart pill containers, and the organization of belongings to bypass cognitive and motivational impairments and to cue adaptive behavior in the home or work environment. We developed and tested a remote version of CAT to make the treatment available more broadly. Because CAT is focused on working with the individual in their home environment to establish supports, CAT may not be as easy to translate into an effective virtual treatment as talk-therapies. Fifty-six members of managed care were assigned to or given their treatment preference for CAT or Remote CAT (R-CAT) for 6 months. In-person or virtual pill counts were conducted monthly and assessments of habit-formation, symptoms, functioning, and satisfaction were administered every 2 months by independent raters. Analyses using mixed models with repeated measures focused on pre-planned evaluations of within-group change. Adherence improved significantly in R-CAT, functioning improved significantly in CAT and both groups improved significantly on measures of habit-formation and symptoms across 6 months. Higher functioning individuals appeared to choose R-CAT. Satisfaction with treatment was very high in both groups. R-CAT appears to be a potentially effective treatment, particularly for medication follow-though. However, in contrast to decades of previous research, fewer than 20% of eligible Medicaid recipients agreed to participate in the study. This may have been due to recruitment during and immediately post-pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"4 1","pages":"sgad028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576524/pdf/sgad028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing a Computerized Digit Symbol Test to a Pen-and-Paper Classic.","authors":"Danielle N Pratt, Lauren Luther, Kyle S Kinney, Kenneth Juston Osborne, Philip R Corlett, Albert R Powers, Scott W Woods, James M Gold, Jason Schiffman, Lauren M Ellman, Gregory P Strauss, Elaine F Walker, Richard Zinbarg, James A Waltz, Steven M Silverstein, Vijay A Mittal","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>Processing speed dysfunction is a core feature of psychosis and predictive of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Although traditionally measured with pen-and-paper tasks, computerized digit symbol tasks are needed to meet the increasing demand for remote assessments. Therefore we: (1) assessed the relationship between traditional and computerized processing speed measurements; (2) compared effect sizes of impairment for progressive and persistent subgroups of CHR individuals on these tasks; and (3) explored causes contributing to task performance differences.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Participants included 92 CHR individuals and 60 healthy controls who completed clinical interviews, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding test, the computerized TestMyBrain Digit Symbol Matching Test, a finger-tapping task, and a self-reported motor abilities measure. Correlations, Hedges' g, and linear models were utilized, respectively, to achieve the above aims.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>Task performance was strongly correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.505). A similar degree of impairment was seen between progressive (<i>g</i> = -0.541) and persistent (<i>g</i> = -0.417) groups on the paper version. The computerized task uniquely identified impairment for progressive individuals (<i>g</i> = -477), as the persistent group performed similarly to controls (<i>g</i> = -0.184). Motor abilities were related to the computerized version, but the paper version was more related to symptoms and psychosis risk level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The paper symbol coding task measures impairment throughout the CHR state, while the computerized version only identifies impairment in those with worsening symptomatology. These results may be reflective of sensitivity differences, an artifact of existing subgroups, or evidence of mechanistic differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"4 1","pages":"sgad027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/e5/sgad027.PMC10590153.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief Updating in Subclinical and Clinical Delusions.","authors":"Sophie Fromm, Teresa Katthagen, Lorenz Deserno, Andreas Heinz, Jakob Kaminski, Florian Schlagenhauf","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>Current frameworks propose that delusions result from aberrant belief updating due to altered prediction error (PE) signaling and misestimation of environmental volatility. We aimed to investigate whether behavioral and neural signatures of belief updating are specifically related to the presence of delusions or generally associated with manifest schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our cross-sectional design includes human participants (<i>n</i>[female/male] = 66[25/41]), stratified into four groups: healthy participants with minimal (<i>n</i> = 22) or strong delusional-like ideation (<i>n</i> = 18), and participants with diagnosed schizophrenia with minimal (<i>n</i> = 13) or strong delusions (<i>n</i> = 13), resulting in a 2 × 2 design, which allows to test for the effects of delusion and diagnosis. Participants performed a reversal learning task with stable and volatile task contingencies during fMRI scanning. We formalized learning with a hierarchical Gaussian filter model and conducted model-based fMRI analysis regarding beliefs of outcome uncertainty and volatility, precision-weighted PEs of the outcome- and the volatility-belief.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls showed lower accuracy and heightened choice switching, while delusional ideation did not affect these measures. Participants with delusions showed increased precision-weighted PE-related neural activation in fronto-striatal regions. People with diagnosed schizophrenia overestimated environmental volatility and showed an attenuated neural representation of volatility in the anterior insula, medial frontal and angular gyrus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Delusional beliefs are associated with altered striatal PE-signals. Juxtaposing, the potentially unsettling belief that the environment is constantly changing and weaker neural encoding of this subjective volatility seems to be associated with manifest schizophrenia, but not with the presence of delusional ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"4 1","pages":"sgac074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11207849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Suicide in Schizophrenia.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"4 1","pages":"sgac063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11207760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Hyper-methylation Associated With Schizophrenia May Lead to Increased Levels of Autoantibodies.","authors":"Hui Wei, Yanbo Yuan, Caiyun Zhu, Mingjie Ma, Fude Yang, Zheng Lu, Chuanyue Wang, Hong Deng, Jingping Zhao, Runhui Tian, Wanwan Zhu, Yan Shen, Xin Yu, Qi Xu","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>Environmental stressors may influence immune surveillance in B lymphocytes and stimulate autoimmune responses via epigenetic DNA methylation modifications in schizophrenia (SCZ).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A total of 2722, Chinese Han origin subjects were recruited in this study (2005-2011), which included a discovery follow-up cohort with 40 remitters of SCZ (RSCZ), 40 nonremitters of SCZ (NRSCZ), and 40 controls (CTL), and a replication follow-up cohort (64 RSCZ, 16 NRSCZ, and 84 CTL), as well as a case-control validation cohort (1230 SCZ and 1208 CTL). Genomic DNA methylation, target gene mRNA transcripts, and plasma autoantibody levels were measured across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>We found extensive differences in global DNA methylation profiles between RSCZ and NRSCZ groups, wherein differential methylation sites (DMS) were enriched with immune cell maturation and activation in the RSCZ group. Out of 2722 participants, the foremost DMS cg14341177 was hyper-methylated in the SCZ group and it inhibited the alternative splicing of its target gene <i>BICD2</i> and may have increased its autoantigen exposure, leading to an increase in plasma anti-BICD2 IgG antibody levels. The levels of cg14341177 methylation and anti-BICD2 IgG decreased significantly in RSCZ endpoint samples but not in NRSCZ endpoint samples. There are strong positive correlations between cg14341177 methylation, anti-BICD2 IgG, and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores in the RSCZ groups, but not in the NRSCZ groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest that abnormal DNA methylation could affect autoreactive responses in SCZ, and that cg14341177 methylation and anti-BICD2 IgG levels may potentially serve as useful biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"5 1","pages":"sgac047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11207751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent Action Needed for Africa and the World: Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change.","authors":"Lukoye Atwoli, Gregory E Erhabor, Aiah A Gbakima, Abraham Haileamlak, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, James Kigera, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Bob Mash, Joy Muhia, Fhumulani Mavis Mulaudzi, David Ofori-Adjei, Friday Okonofua, Arash Rashidian, Maha El-Adawy, Siaka Sidibé, Abdelmadjid Snouber, James Tumwine, Mohammad Sahar Yassien, Paul Yonga, Lilia Zakhama, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"3 1","pages":"sgac065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Stop Using the Term Relapse in Schizophrenia Clinical Trials.","authors":"William T Carpenter, Robert W Buchanan, Stephen R Marder","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"3 1","pages":"sgac056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11205881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placebos in Schizophrenia Research: An Historical Overview and Introduction to Ethical Issues.","authors":"Suze G Berkhout","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This short introduction provides a historical and ethical overview of placebos and placebo controls in relation to schizophrenia research, with a focus on long-term clinical trials. Drawing on historical and philosophical scholarship, it sketches a two-level analysis of ethical issues that placebos and the placebo effect raise for the field, particularly in light of shifts in clinical trial methodologies and clinical practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"3 1","pages":"sgac051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11206101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prejudice Toward People With Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, and Depression: Measurement, Structure, and Antecedents.","authors":"Boris Bizumic, Beth Gunningham","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Many existing measures of prejudiced attitudes toward people with mental illness have conceptual, theoretical, and psychometric problems. The recently created Prejudice toward People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale has addressed many of these limitations, but prejudice toward people with different mental disorders may be unique and require further exploration. This study aimed to facilitate this exploration by adapting the PPMI to focus on schizophrenia and depression, and investigate the structure, distinctiveness, and the nomological network of prejudice toward people with these mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We adapted the original 28-item PPMI scale to create the Prejudice toward People with Schizophrenia (PPS) and Prejudice toward People with Depression (PPD) scales. There were 406 participants from the general population, who completed these scales and related measures.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>The original 4-factor structure (fear/avoidance, unpredictability, authoritarianism, and malevolence) was supported for each scale. Participants expressed the highest levels of prejudice toward people with schizophrenia, followed by prejudice toward people with mental illness, and lastly by prejudice toward people with depression. Analyses supported the proposed nomological network of prejudice, which involves theoretical antecedents of social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, empathy, personality traits, disgust sensitivity, and prior contact.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provides evidence for the validity and psychometric properties of the PPMI, PPS, and PPD scales, expanding our understanding of antecedents to prejudice toward people with different mental disorders. This research also shows that we gain more insight into prejudice when we use measures targeting specific disorders rather than mental illness in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"3 1","pages":"sgac060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11206083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical and Subcortical Structural Morphometric Profiles in Individuals with Nonaffective and Affective Early Illness Psychosis.","authors":"Jessica P Y Hua, Daniel H Mathalon","doi":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has found strong evidence for common and distinct morphometric brain abnormality profiles in nonaffective psychosis (NAff-P) and affective psychosis (Aff-P). Due to chronicity and prolonged medication exposure confounds, it is crucial to examine structural morphometry early in the course of psychosis. Using Human Connectome Project-Early Psychosis data, multivariate profile analyses were implemented to examine regional profiles for cortical thickness, cortical surface area, subcortical volume, and ventricular volume in healthy control (HC; <i>n</i> = 56), early illness NAff-P (<i>n</i> = 83), and Aff-P (<i>n</i> = 30) groups after accounting for normal aging. Associations with symptom severity, functioning, and cognition were also examined. Group regional profiles were significantly nonparallel and differed in level for cortical thickness (<i>P</i> < .001), with NAff-P having widespread cortical thinning relative to HC and Aff-P and some regions showing greater deficits than others. Significant nonparallelism of group regional profiles was also evident for cortical surface area (<i>P</i> < .006), with Aff-P and N-Aff-P differing from HC and from each other (<i>P</i> < .001). For subcortical volume, there was significant profile nonparallelism with NAff-P having an enlarged left pallidum and smaller accumbens and hippocampus (<i>P</i> < .028), and Aff-P having a smaller accumbens and amygdala (<i>P</i> < .006), relative to HC. NAff-P also had larger basal ganglia compared to Aff-P. Furthermore, NAff-P had enlarged ventricles (<i>P</i> < .055) compared to HC and Aff-P. Additionally, greater ventricular volume was associated with increased manic symptoms in NAff-P and Aff-P. Overall, this study found common and distinct regional morphometric profile abnormalities in early illness NAff-P and Aff-P, providing evidence for both shared and disease-specific pathophysiological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94380,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia bulletin open","volume":"3 1","pages":"sgac028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11206002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}