Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Precision oncology in head and neck cancers: From molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutic strategies","authors":"D. Sakthi Sanjana,&nbsp;E. Elizabeth Rani,&nbsp;S. Madhumitha,&nbsp;M. Yuvaraj,&nbsp;E. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neck neoplasms encompass a diverse group of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), thyroid cancer, salivary gland tumors, and lymphomas. Recent advancements in molecular biology and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment landscape for these cancers. Personalized medicine, guided by genomic profiling and biomarker-driven therapies, has emerged as a promising approach to improve patient outcomes. In HNSCC, targeted therapies focusing on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have shown efficacy. Additionally, immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have demonstrated durable responses in advanced HNSCC. For thyroid cancer, BRAF V600E and RET/PTC rearrangements have been identified as potential therapeutic targets, with BRAF and RET inhibitors showing promising results. In salivary gland tumors, androgen receptor signaling and HER2 expression have emerged as potential targets for personalized treatment. Lymphomas of the neck have benefited from the use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and adoptive cell therapy, has shown encouraging outcomes across various neck neoplasms. Combination therapies, such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy with chemotherapy, have further improved treatment efficacy. However, challenges remain in identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment response and overcoming resistance to cancer therapies. Ongoing clinical trials and research efforts are crucial for refining personalized treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in neck neoplasms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic analysis of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) clinical trials: Focusing on overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes","authors":"Priya Ganesan,&nbsp;Saravanan Sekaran,&nbsp;Pasiyappazham Ramasamy,&nbsp;Dhanraj Ganapathy","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, particularly in advanced or metastatic stages. Standard chemotherapy, primarily platinum-based, has long been the cornerstone of treatment for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, yet its survival benefits remain modest, with significant toxicity. The advent of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, has shifted the treatment paradigm by offering durable responses in a subset of patients, particularly those with biomarker-driven indications. Meanwhile, combination therapy, integrating chemotherapy with immunotherapy or targeted agents, has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comparative analysis of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy (CICT) based on clinical trial outcomes, focusing on two key metrics: overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). While chemotherapy alone typically results in limited survival benefits, immunotherapy has demonstrated significant OS improvements, especially in biomarker-selected populations, though its impact on PFS is less consistent. Combination therapies have shown promise in improving both OS and PFS compared to monotherapies, though they also raise concerns about cumulative toxicity. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of each treatment approach, this review aims to clarify their relative roles in the current and future treatment landscape for HNSCC. It also underscores the importance of ongoing research to refine therapeutic strategies and optimize patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Letter regards: Evaluation of flap complications following pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for oral cancers”","authors":"S. Anand,&nbsp;K. Ashokkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of advanced immunotherapy: New horizons for HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Madhan Krishnan ,&nbsp;Shyamaladevi Babu ,&nbsp;M.V. Vinaya Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajasekaran Subbarayan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex group of malignancies that exhibit distinct clinical and molecular characteristics, especially in the HPV-negative subset. The treatment landscape for HPV-negative HNSCC has historically been limited to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with these modalities often yielding suboptimal outcomes. The emergence of advanced immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift, offering new therapeutic options for this challenging cancer type. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in immunotherapy for HPV-negative HNSCC, focusing on, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors. It also explores the potential benefits and limitations of combining immunotherapy with other treatment modalities including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation. Key challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and resistance mechanisms, are discussed. The review concludes with a look at future research directions and strategies to overcome these challenges and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of clinical tumor depth of invasion measure in patients with oral cavity cancer","authors":"Kelsey B. Wood ,&nbsp;Lauren S. Buck ,&nbsp;Charlotte S. Taylor ,&nbsp;Johnny Yang ,&nbsp;Edward Florez ,&nbsp;Todd A. Nichols ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Hooker ,&nbsp;Candace M. Howard-Claudio ,&nbsp;Anne C. Kane ,&nbsp;Oishika Paul ,&nbsp;Lana L. Jackson ,&nbsp;Christopher Spankovich ,&nbsp;Gina D. Jefferson","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for head and neck malignancies incorporated depth of invasion (DOI) for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Currently, there is no standardized method to determine clinical DOI (cDOI). We aim to validate radiologic DOI (rDOI) utilizing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Radiographic DOI was defined as the coronal measurement of the deepest margin parallel to the expected normal mucosal plane. To establish a valid, accurate and repeatable rDOI, a retrospective cohort at a single institution tertiary hospital underwent preoperative CECT. Radiographic DOI was independently assessed by 2 neuroradiologists. Correlation was determined between rDOI and pDOI. A prospective pilot study of 49 patients with newly diagnosed OCSCC underwent rDOI assessment compared to final pDOI to assess our rDOI method clinical applicability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neuroradiologists demonstrated a high degree of predictability between rDOI and pDOI with as great as 90.91 % accuracy for readable CECTs. Inter-observer correlations were strong in the retrospective (Session 1: ICC = 0.956; Session 2: ICC = 0.932) and prospective cohorts (Session 1: ICC = 0.859; Session 2: ICC = 0.913) illustrating reliability. Intraobserver correlations were also strong (Retrospective Reader 1 ICC = 0.968, Reader 2 ICC = 0.941; prospective Reader 1 ICC = 0.965, Reader 2 ICC = 0.800, p &lt; 0.001). T1 lesions were immeasurable 25–62.5 % of the time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Using CECT, the coronal measurement of the deepest margin parallel to the expected normal mucosal plane can enhance determination of a reliable cDOI in OCSCC corresponding to pDOI without change in staging for T2 and greater lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications for novel therapies","authors":"Shyamaladevi Babu ,&nbsp;Maghizh Jemima Manavalan ,&nbsp;Shaik hifza jasmine ,&nbsp;Madhan Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that modulates tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment response. This review intends to shed light on the key components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), immunological cells, endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as their functions in OSCC biology. We address how interactions within the TME lead to tumor growth, treatment resistance, and immune evasion, focusing on current clinical studies that target these processes. In addition, we evaluate emerging therapeutic methods, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, anti-angiogenic medicines, and ECM remodeling inhibitors, which have shown promise in clinical trials. Despite the obstacles faced by TME heterogeneity and the requirement for robust biomarkers, personalized medicine approaches based on TME profiling hold great promise for improving treatment results. This review underlines the necessity of ongoing research to integrate TME-focused medicines into clinical practice and provides future options for overcoming resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy by targeting both tumor cells and their microenvironment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing outcomes in oral carcinoma with prosthesis intervention","authors":"N. Gopi Chander ,&nbsp;M. Senthil Murugan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal management of oral carcinoma requires a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in cases involving maxillary gingival carcinoma, where surgical and prosthetic interventions are crucial for restoring function and improving patient quality of life. This case report details the comprehensive treatment of a patient diagnosed with maxillary gingival carcinoma, presenting with pain and discharge. Histopathological examination confirmed carcinoma, necessitating surgical excision. A vascular flap was employed for closure to promote healing and preserve anatomical structures.</div><div>Post-surgical rehabilitation began with the use of an interim flexible obturator, designed to provide immediate support for speech, swallowing, and soft tissue protection during the initial healing phase. This prosthetic intervention optimized early functional outcomes and patient comfort. As healing progressed, the patient transitioned to a definitive cast partial denture obturator, featuring a cobalt-chromium alloy framework for enhanced durability and stability. The prosthesis was designed with a complete palate major connector, mesh-type denture base, and carefully positioned rest seats and retainers to ensure optimal function, aesthetics, and long-term structural support.</div><div>Regular follow-ups demonstrated significant improvements in oral functions, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life. This report underscores the vital role of prosthetic interventions in optimizing outcomes for oral carcinoma patients, highlighting the importance of individualized rehabilitation strategies that integrate surgical and prosthetic care for long-term success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct extension from primary tumour to nodes: Can molecular profiling solve the dilemma?","authors":"Gargi Sarode,&nbsp;Dheeraj Meena,&nbsp;Sayali Tungikar,&nbsp;Atharv Shrotri,&nbsp;Sachin Sarode","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the omics landscape in precision medicine: A bidirectional approach to patient care","authors":"Rui Vitorino","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel bidirectional approach to precision medicine that combines proteomic, peptidomic and metabolomic analyzes with clinical data and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This innovative strategy improves patient care by enabling a dynamic exchange from “patient to molecular pathway” and back, which significantly refines patient cohort stratification, improves diagnostic accuracy and personalizes treatment strategies. At the heart of this approach is the use of comprehensive multi-omics data to improve patient management by tailoring interventions to individual molecular profiles. This two-way flow not only optimizes treatment based on real-time insights from molecular pathways, but also improves the application of GWAS results in clinical scenarios. Advanced computational tools such as machine learning and network analysis are critical for navigating these complex data sets and translating intricate molecular data into actionable treatment plans. This integrated, adaptive framework promises to reshape the future of healthcare by tailoring treatments to patients' unique biological and genetic profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research: A simplified guide for researchers","authors":"Sirwan Khalid Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An appropriate sampling technique with the exact determination of sample size involves a very vigorous selection process, which is actually vital for any empirical research. It is obvious that these methodological decisions would greatly affect the internal and external validity and the overall generalizability of the study findings. This paper has comprehensively updated the guidelines on sampling methods and sample size calculation, hence giving enough evidence that will be beneficial in assisting researchers to advance the credibility and statistical power of their research work. The differences between probability sampling techniques, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling, and non-probability methods, such as convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling, have been fully explained. Probability is the only that can ensure the generalizability, while non-probability sampling is useful in exploratory situations. Another significant process is the determination of an optimal sample size, which, among other things, has to take into account the total population size, effect size, statistical power, confidence level, and margin of error. The paper contributes both theoretical guidance and practical tools that researchers need in choosing appropriate strategies for sampling and validating methodologically appropriate sample size calculations. In sum, such a paper sets the standard for best practice in research methodology that will drive reliability, validity, and empirical rigor across diverse studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}