Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada最新文献

{"title":"Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) rapid response: Updated guidance on the use of Imvamune® for the prevention of mpox.","authors":"Joshua Montroy, Marina Salvadori, Nicole Forbes, Kristin Klein","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a02","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) previously released guidance in May of 2024 regarding the use of Imvamune® for the prevention of mpox in the context of a routine immunization program. Since the release of this guidance, the emergence of a novel subclade of mpox (clade Ib) has led to a shifting epidemiological landscape and several international jurisdictions have, therefore, revised their Imvamune guidance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the updated NACI guidance on the use of Imvamune for the prevention of mpox.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NACI reviewed data on the current epidemiology of mpox, both in Canada and internationally, current evidence on Imvamune vaccination coverage in Canada, and published scientific literature regarding the effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of Imvamune. NACI has also considered additional factors including ethics, equity, feasibility and acceptability. Guidance on the use of Imvamune in the context of international travel was developed in collaboration with the Canadian Committee to Advise on Tropical Medicine and Travel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NACI concluded that available evidence supports the limited expansion of groups considered at high risk of mpox.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NACI now recommends that in addition to previously identified groups at high risk of mpox, certain travellers to areas with ongoing community transmission of mpox virus clade I should receive Imvamune. Healthcare workers travelling internationally to support mpox outbreaks should also receive Imvamune, and domestic healthcare workers with a high risk of frequent exposure may consider vaccination with Imvamune on an individual basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 4","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-pocket costs for people with tuberculosis disease in Toronto, Canada: A web-based survey at two tuberculosis treatment centres, April 2023-April 2025.","authors":"Lauren Ramsay, Ezinne Ndukwe, Elizabeth Rea, Andrea Ackery, Jane McNamee, Thanh Nguyen, Marian Hassan, Nawang Yanga, Amrita Daftary, Kelly O'Brien, Christopher Pease, Yeva Sahakyan, Sarah Brode, Beate Sander","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a04","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Ontario, over 600 cases of tuberculosis (TB) have been reported annually since 2015. Despite publicly funded health care, the direct and indirect costs to individuals have not been well studied and may be substantial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the economic and social impacts of TB among individuals undergoing treatment at specialized TB care centers in Toronto, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient-reported costs, work disruptions, social consequences and changes in household financial status were evaluated. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among adults (18 years and older) receiving TB treatment at West Park Healthcare Centre and the Toronto Western Hospital TB clinic between April 2023 and April 2025. Respondents completed a modified version of the World Health Organization's Tuberculosis patient cost survey, which collected data on out-of-pocket costs, work loss and social outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize key findings and reported costs in 2025 Canadian dollars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 42 people with TB disease completed the survey (mean age=36.7 years; 38% female). The mean cost of a TB-related appointment was $42.82 (standard deviation [SD]=$47.89), with variation by treatment center, hospitalization status and transportation method to appointments. More than half (61.9%) of respondents reported missing work due to treatment, with a mean loss of 130 hours (SD=141). Following diagnosis with TB, 28.6% of respondents experienced job loss, and 45.3% of respondents experienced a worsening of their household financial situation, with 16.7% reporting that it had become much worse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite publicly funded health care, people with TB face economic and social challenges. These findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the financial challenges faced by people with TB and may be useful in informing public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 4","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13289841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of language concordant care on comprehension and adherence to infection prevention protocols among hospitalized patients: A multicentre survey.","authors":"Paige Reason, Amna Rizvi, Radhika Chawla, Sheila Le-Abuyen, Vishnuka Arulsundaram, Hassen Nandwani, Alon Vaisman, Jerome A Leis","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a05","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Language concordant care can influence patient outcomes. The level of language concordant care and its impact on adherence to infection prevention protocols has not been well described.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether patients' preferred language impacts their ability to follow infection prevention protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentre survey was performed to assess understanding and self-reported adherence to two different sets of infection prevention instructions: preoperative chlorhexidine bathing before cardiac surgery and central line care during chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy. Standardized interviews were conducted following cardiac surgery or central vascular catheter insertion. Preferred language was defined by patient's stated preference, with professional hospital-based interpretation used for patients with non-English language preference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 238 eligible patients, 222 (93%) completed the interview across both sites, including 179 (81%) with English preference and 43 (19%) with non-English preference. Comprehension of infection prevention instructions among English-preferred and non-English-preferred groups was no different (97.2% vs 93.0%; <i>p</i>=0.19), and similar for reported adherence (97.8% vs 97.7%; <i>p</i>=0.97). Among 26 (65%) non-English-preferred patients, instructions were reported to be interpreted by family rather than by hospital-based interpretation services. Qualitative themes included reliance on family for interpretation or other informal solutions, patient frustration with language barrier and expressed desire for improved language services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant difference was identified in comprehension or adherence to infection prevention protocols based on language preference; however, closing this gap relied on family members or other informal solutions. Given the risks and inequity of such workarounds, improved use of hospital-based interpretation services is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 4","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive analysis of multi-jurisdictional enteric illness messaging web analytics data, 2020-2022.","authors":"Vayshali Patel, Jennifer McWhirter, Melissa MacKay, Leslie Cheng, Melissa Phypers, Andrew Papadopoulos, Lauren Grant","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a03","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective online communication is important for disseminating information during multi-jurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks in Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) uses web-based Public Health Notices (PHNs) to communicate outbreak information and prevention measures. Despite this communication's importance, no study has examined online engagement with PHAC's PHNs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess access to and engagement with online information on multi-jurisdictional enteric illness outbreaks by analyzing website traffic and engagement metrics for PHAC's PHNs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on page and screen metrics, geographic location, device and browser types, and traffic source metrics for PHAC's PHN webpages (2020-2022) were obtained. Descriptive statistics were calculated for page and screen metrics data. Proportional frequencies were calculated for geographic location, device type, and traffic source metrics. Data were tabulated and visualized using R Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Public Health Notice webpages had an average of 2,729±16,685 page views and 2,490±15,201 visits; decreasing (but not significantly) over the study period. Average session duration was 165±124 seconds; increasing (but not significantly) over time. Most visits originated in Canada (89.0%±4.2%) and were from mobile devices (74.6%±3.3%). Traffic sources were primarily search (49.1%±13.0%), followed by direct (23.9%±6.7%), social media (21.2%±8.4%), and referral (5.7%±2.5%). The geographic location, device type, and traffic source changed significantly year by year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Engagement with PHAC's PHN webpages declined over the three years of the study, while mobile and search-driven access dominated and levels remained consistent over time. Social media generated comparatively little traffic. These findings suggest opportunities to enhance search optimization and social media amplification to improve outbreak communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 4","pages":"123-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148348124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of approach to inclusive language in vaccine guidance from the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI).","authors":"Ana Howarth, Matthew Tunis, Christina Jensen, Stephie Pierre, Fiann Crane, Winnie Siu, Robyn Harrison","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a01","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has been working to develop inclusive language for vaccine guidance related to pregnancy and breastfeeding. Starting with early efforts in 2018, NACI sought to update the language approach in 2023 based on the latest available evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gender-neutral and gender-additive language approaches were assessed using an equity lens focused on inclusion and representation. Evidence was gathered through a jurisdictional scan of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) and government organizations, a literature review, and iterative stakeholder engagement. Draft policy options were developed, translated into French, and reviewed by NACI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The jurisdictional scan across Canada, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and France showed wide variation, with many sources using gendered terms. The literature review identified little original research on language use in immunization settings. A Canadian research initiative examining inclusive language supported context-specific gender-additive terminology. Stakeholders emphasized the need for inclusive and adaptable language. NACI developed recommendations for a context-dependent gender-additive approach, including French language options.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In February 2024, NACI endorsed an additive language approach, which has been implemented across NACI statements and relevant Canadian Immunization Guide chapters. NACI and the Public Health Agency of Canada will continue adapting to evolving language needs, recognizing that clinical communication should use terminology that best resonates with each individual. When implementing vaccine recommendations in clinical practice, it is important to use whatever language that will resonate best with the individual being immunized.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 4","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The National Advisory Committee on Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections (NAC-STBBI) Statement: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea screening recommendations for non-pregnant adults and adolescents.","authors":"Housne Begum, Dominique Basque, Holly Sullivan, Michelle Haavaldsrud, Jennifer Gratrix, Petra Smycek, Annie-Claude Labbé, Stephan Gadient, Annie Fleurant-Ceelen","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a07","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i04a07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The National Advisory Committee on Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections (NAC-STBBI) undertook a review to adopt, or adapt, the 2021 recommendation for chlamydia and gonorrhea screening issued by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NAC-STBBI adapted the guideline following the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) handbook. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methods were also applied to determine the certainty of evidence and strength of the recommendations. The guideline question was \"should any screening vs no screening/usual care/any other screening be used for non-pregnant people?\". Conflicts of interest were managed according to the Public Health Agency of Canada guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An environmental scan found 17 guidelines published between 2015 and 2023. Five systematic reviews and 32 original articles were identified and included, addressing screening types, patient values, preferences, feasibility, equity and cost and cost-effectiveness of chlamydia and gonorrhea screening. The search was conducted between October 1, 2019, to May 19, 2023. The certainty of evidence was very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NAC-STBBI suggests universal annual screening for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> infections in all sexually active persons under the age of 30 years (conditional recommendation; very low-certainty evidence). The NAC-STBBI also suggests screening every three to six months for adults and adolescents with multiple sexual partners or a new partner since last tested and \"opt-out\" screening as frequently as every three months for high prevalence populations or communities (conditional recommendation; very low-certainty evidence).</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 4","pages":"156-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13268405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people: A scoping review.","authors":"Folajinmi Oluwasina, Salwa Musa, Mary Olukotun, Folakemi Ojo, Omolara Sanni, Lynda Djoutsa, Modupe Tunde-Byass, Andre Renzaho, Upton Allen, Bukola Salami","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a02","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent disease, yet vaccine hesitancy remains a threat to the progress made in tackling vaccine preventable diseases. Black communities have a history of being subjects of unethical research, victims of implicit bias, mistreated by healthcare professionals, and denied access to medical assistance. This study aims to examine vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in 11 bibliographic databases to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Articles were screened by two reviewers, with a third resolving conflicts where necessary. Data were extracted from eligible studies and findings were narratively summarized. A PRISMA checklist was adopted, followed by data extraction with the findings then collated, summarized, and reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 articles (77 quantitative, 16 qualitative, 3 randomized clinical trials, and 5 mixed methods studies) were included in the final analysis. Among these, 95.1% and 4.9% reported findings from North America and Europe, respectively. This review revealed that misinformation affects the acceptability of vaccination programs. Vaccine hesitancy among Black communities is often rooted in fears of potential side effects and long-term consequences. Parental consent was noted as a crucial issue, and the belief that children should not be offered vaccinations without parental consent was indicated as a factor affecting vaccine uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaccine hesitancy continues to have a significant impact on global health. Government policies that promote vaccine uptake would help to reduce vaccine hesitancy and maintain high coverage among Black people.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) in 2025: Celebrating 60 years of service, a decade of change, and a dynamic future ahead.","authors":"Matthew Tunis, Robyn Harrison, Kaeli Ramotar, Ashleigh Tuite, Christina Jensen, Krista Wilkinson, Kelsey Young, Joseline Zafack, Marina Salvadori, Adrienne Stevens, Vinita Dubey, Erin Henry","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a01","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) marked its 60^th anniversary in 2024, representing six decades of reliable advice supporting Canada's immunization programs. Over the past decade, NACI expanded its mandate to include ethics, equity, feasibility, acceptability, and economic considerations, while adapting its methods to align with international standards and responding to urgent public health needs such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhanced collaboration with provinces, territories, Indigenous partners, and global peers has strengthened both the relevance and reach of NACI guidance. With an expanding vaccine landscape, NACI continues to evolve as a trusted national and global resource supporting equitable, evidence-informed immunization policy and practice in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do parents of school-aged children want to know about HPV vaccination in Canada? Results of an online survey on Facebook.","authors":"Mylène Tantchou Dipankui, Benjamin Giguère, Kieran C O'Doherty, Antonella Pucci","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a04","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To identify the source of information, preferred promotional formats, and the type of information parents of school-aged children eligible for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination would consider in their decision-making process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bilingual (English and French) pre-campaign survey employing Facebook advertisements was used to recruit parents of school-aged children aged between 9 and 15 years across Canada to participate in the study. The survey consisted of 20 closed-ended and two open-ended questions. Recruitment on Facebook occurred between March 2021 and February 2022. Participants meeting specific requirements were eligible to participate in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 764 parents participated in the study, and 554 met the eligibility criteria. Representation was obtained from nine provinces and two territories. The majority of respondents (24.9%; n=138) indicated that they turned to sources other than social media platforms when it came to making decisions about HPV vaccination. Among other sources, respondents first considered the recommendations made by their healthcare providers (17.5%; n=38). Respondents also reported infographics as the format most likely to influence their decision-making (20.8%; n=115), over other types of resources. Finally, potential side-effects associated with HPV vaccines versus HPV infection outcomes were among the main topics of information the respondents looked at in their decision-making process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infographics can be an important social marketing component for educating parents about the vaccination of school-aged children against HPV. These visual representations should focus on HPV vaccine safety, to respond to the information needs of parents. This intervention should be combined with healthcare provider recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147701458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Canada's 2015 vaccine research and development priorities: Where are we a decade later?","authors":"Nasheed Moqueet, Kyle Lago, Serena Cortés-Kaplan, Harsimrat Birdi, Shalini Desai, Alisha Gauhar, Bryna Warshawsky, Matthew Tunis, Krista Wilkinson","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a05","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2015, Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) identified a set of priorities for research and development (R&D) of new and improved human and animal vaccines. Thirty human pathogens were grouped by vaccine development timeline (short: 0-6 years; medium: 7-12 years; long: 13 years or longer) and ranked by R&D priority (high, medium, low).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the vaccine development pathway for these 30 pathogens to inform a 2025 update to PHAC's vaccine R&D priorities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For each pathogen, we conducted a targeted search for vaccines authorized in Canada since 2015 using the Health Canada Drug Product Database and Canadian Immunization Guide and for candidates in clinical trials, in the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov (primary completion date of May 1, 2015 or later). Search results were downloaded and filtered by study status, phase and type. For select pathogens, we conducted additional searches in published (PubMed) and grey literature (other trial registries, industry press releases, and Web searches).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven pathogens had at least one newly authorized vaccine since 2015: three of 13 high-priority (influenza, n=4; <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, n=2; respiratory syncytial virus, n=3); two of eight medium-priority (herpes zoster, n=1; meningococcal serogroup B, n=1); and, two of nine low-priority pathogens (dengue, n=2; human papillomavirus, n=1). Nineteen pathogens had no authorized vaccine in Canada or elsewhere, although five had candidates in phase 3 trials (<i>Clostridioides difficile, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, norovirus and cytomegalovirus).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although some of the pathogens on the 2015 list now have authorized vaccines or candidates in late-stage clinical development, important gaps persist, which will inform PHAC's 2025 vaccine R&D update.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}