Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada最新文献

{"title":"Promoting influenza vaccination among health professionals in Canada: Results of an online survey on Facebook.","authors":"Mylène Tantchou Dipankui, Kieran O'Doherty, Lucie Marisa Bucci, Benjamin Giguère","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a03","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i03a03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination rates of healthcare workers in Canada against influenza are below the national target of 80%. The objective of this study was to identify the preferred promotional formats and types of information that healthcare professionals would consider when deciding whether to get immunized against influenza. The goals of this survey were to 1) inform the design of a social marketing campaign to help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about influenza vaccination, and 2) inform future education and promotional work by vaccination stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bilingual survey was implemented online using Facebook ads to recruit healthcare professionals across Canada. The survey consisted of 15 mixed multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Eligibility requirements included being a practising Canadian healthcare professional, such as a medical doctor, nurse, pharmacist, nurse practitioner, midwife, or dentist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 265 healthcare professionals completed the study, with a majority (51.3%) being nurses and practising in Ontario (32.1%). Infographics were viewed as the promotional format most likely to influence their decision-making (33.6%). Healthcare professionals relied on news from various media outlets and peer-reviewed journals (15.8%) to make their decisions. Finally, respondents indicated that influenza vaccine effectiveness was the most relevant information with respect to their decision-making (80.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infographics may be an important method for promoting influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals. These visual representations should focus on up-to-date information about influenza vaccine effectiveness to respond to the information needs of healthcare professionals. The next steps will be to design a marketing campaign focused on vaccine effectiveness, using infographics as a promotional format.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 3","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13098624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing case definition: An analysis of its impact on Lyme disease surveillance in Nova Scotia.","authors":"Kelachi Nsitem, Jennifer Cram, Aini Khan, Colleen Ryan, Todd Hatchette, Shelley Deeks, Linda Passerini, Molly Trecker, Kathryn McIsaac","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a06","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nova Scotia has experienced a growing number of Lyme disease (LD) cases since 2002. From 2009 to 2022, Nova Scotia adopted a LD case definition that aligned with the Public Health Agency of Canada's definition. On January 1, 2023, Nova Scotia transitioned to a LD definition that relies on laboratory evidence alone.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe and compare historic trends in confirmed LD case counts and incidence under the former and current LD case definitions between 2018 and 2023 and assess the impact of the case definition change on LD surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Confirmed LD cases were extracted from Nova Scotia's Electronic Public Health Information System, software Panorama, according to the former case definition for the years 2018-2022 and the current case definition for the years 2019-2023. As the 2018 laboratory data in Panorama was incomplete, raw data for 2018 were obtained from Nova Scotia's Provincial Public Health Laboratory Network. Confirmed case counts and incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated by year, sex, age group and geographic zone, under both case definitions. Seasonality was determined by the reporting date of the case.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2018-2022, the current case definition identified 4,238 cases, a substantial increase of 2,493 cases over the 1,745 reported by the former case definition, with an additional 2,058 cases in 2023 under the current case definition. This led to a clear upward trend in confirmed incidence rates with the current case definition, unlike the variable pattern seen with the former case definition. Males and individuals aged 5-14, 40-59, and ≥60 years experienced consistently higher sex and age-specific rates under both case definitions. The Western Zone consistently reported the highest incidence rates. Seasonally, both case definitions showed reporting peaks from June to September, with the peak occurring two-week later peak with the current case definition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When the current LD case definition was applied to historic surveillance data, past rates of confirmed LD increased suggesting under-reporting of clinical presentation of LD to public health in high incidence jurisdictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13042998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance for <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i> ticks and their associated pathogens in Canada, 2022.","authors":"Gamal Wafy, Safa Ahmad, Christy Wilson, Heather Coatsworth, Jade Savage, Mark Nelder, Kirby Cronin, Pauline Zhang, Karine Thivierge, Kirsten Crandall, Priya Goundar, Louwrens Snyman, Emily Jenkins, Muhammed Morshed, Catherine Hogan, Min-Kuang Lee, Peter Buck, Annie-Claude Bourgeois, Salima Gasmi","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a04","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article continues the annual series on tick surveillance in Canada, tracking two of the primary tick vectors of concern in the country, <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i>, which can transmit the agent of Lyme disease alongside several other tick-borne pathogens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed passive and active tick surveillance data, including geographic distribution, pathogen prevalence and other characteristics to inform public health prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Passive and active surveillance data were compiled from eTick (an online, image-based platform), the National Microbiology Laboratory (Public Health Agency of Canada), provincial and local public health authorities and the Canadian Lyme Disease Research Network. Descriptive statistics of ticks and their associated pathogens are presented, including infection prevalence estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, a total of 7,030 <i>I. scapularis</i> were submitted through passive surveillance from all provinces, while 911 <i>I. pacificus</i> were submitted from British Columbia (n=909) and Yukon (n=2). <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> submissions peaked in May and again in October. For <i>I. pacificus</i>, submissions peaked in May with a second, smaller peak in November. Six tick-borne pathogens (<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>, <i>Babesia microti</i>, <i>Babesia odocoilei</i>, Powassan virus) were identified from the <i>I. scapularis</i> collected by dragging in Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick or Nova Scotia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report provides a summary of tick surveillance data collected in 2022. Tick characteristics and tick-borne pathogen infection prevalence were similar to previous years. Tick surveillance continues to play an important role in monitoring infection prevalence among ticks and their geographic distribution, which will help inform public health prevention and intervention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12994753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement: Updated recommendations on herpes zoster vaccination for adults who are immunocompromised.","authors":"Ramya Krishnan, Oliver Baclic, Ana Howarth, Ashleigh Tuite, Melissa Andrew","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a01","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, results from the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus and poses a significant health burden and immunocompromised adults are at higher risk of HZ and its complications. In 2018, the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix®) was strongly recommended by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) for immunocompetent adults aged 50 years and older. Since then, evidence has accumulated on the use of RZV in immunocompromised adults and in 2021, Health Canada expanded the authorization of RZV to adults 18 years of age and older who are or will be immunocompromised.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NACI assessed the burden of HZ in immunocompromised populations, reviewed evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of RZV, and published economic evaluations. Programmatic considerations were evaluated using NACI's ethics, equity, feasibility and acceptability framework. The evidence and programmatic considerations were organized using a process informed by the <i>Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation</i> framework, and this information was then used to facilitate NACI guidance development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of HZ among younger adults who are immunocompromised is comparable to or higher than the general population of 50 years of age and older. High efficacy and robust immune responses after RZV administration was demonstrated in groups with various types of immunocompromising therapies and conditions, with an acceptable safety profile. Economic evaluations showed that RZV was cost-effective in some high-risk immunocompromised groups. Expanding access to RZV may reduce disease burden and address inequities in vaccine access.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NACI updated its guidance to strongly recommend that individuals 18 years of age and older who are or will be immunocompromised should receive two doses of RZV to prevent HZ and its associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> from cutaneous lesions in a donkey in Ontario, Canada, 2024: Implications for zoonotic disease transmission and One Health approach.","authors":"Chidubem Okechukwu, Steven Rebellato, Heidi Pitfield, Kelly Magnusson, Ramien Sereshk, Durda Slavic, Heather McClinchey, Sarah Wilson, Julianne Kus, Colin Lee","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a02","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This rapid communication describes a case of cutaneous lesions in a donkey in Ontario, Canada, from which toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> (<i>C. diphtheriae</i>) was isolated. Seven human close contacts were identified and assessed. This communication focuses on public health challenges, interagency response and implications for One Health initiatives to prevent zoonotic transmission. Furthermore, it underscores the importance, successes and challenges of interagency collaboration to coordinate timely laboratory investigation, reporting, contact tracing, potential post-exposure prophylaxis and public education in responding to zoonotic disease. This investigation demonstrates the need for enhanced surveillance, clear legislative authority to facilitate reporting, and more specific guidance for close contact management of <i>C. diphtheriae</i> and other zoonotic agents in animals, which can cause morbidity and mortality in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance in Canada, 2023.","authors":"Alyssa Golden, Averil Griffith, Brigitte Lefebvre, Allison McGeer, Gregory Tyrrell, Julianne Kus, Jennifer Grant, Jessica Minion, Paul Van Caeseele, Guillaume Desnoyers, David Haldane, Yang Yu, Xiaofeng Ding, Laura Steven, Jan McFadzen, George Zhanel, Courtney Primeau, Irene Martin","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a05","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which is caused by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. This report summarizes the demographics, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of IPD isolates collected in Canada in 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (Winnipeg, Manitoba) collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of IPD. Serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations were obtained from whole genome sequencing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of IPD in Canada was 10.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2022, increasing from the low rate of 5.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2021. A total of 4,760 IPD isolates were collected during 2023. The most common serotypes overall were 3 (12.3%, n=587), 4 (12.2%, n=580), 22F (8.2%, n=391) and 9V (7.1%, n=340). Serotypes 4 (7.1%-12.2%, <i>p</i><0.0001) and 9V (1.3%-7.1%, <i>p</i><0.0001) also increased significantly in prevalence since 2019, resulting in an overall increase in the proportion of PCV15 and PCV20/non-V116 serotypes causing disease. The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance in 2023 were seen with clarithromycin (25.8%), doxycycline (17.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (15.9%). Multidrug-resistance continued to increase from 2019 to 2023 (8.4%-13.2%, <i>p</i><0.0001) and rates were highest in serotypes 9V, 15A, 19A, 23A and 35B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high number of IPD cases collected in 2023 represents a return to pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disease activity. Several serotypes included in previous conjugate vaccine formulations are highly common or are increased in prevalence, including 3, 4 and 9V. Continued surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes is imperative to evaluate vaccine effectiveness, particularly as new vaccine formulations are approved and integrated into immunization schedules in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance for <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i> ticks and their associated pathogens in Canada, 2021.","authors":"Safa Ahmad, Gamal Wafy, Christy Wilson, Heather Coatsworth, Camille Guillot, Jade Savage, Patrick Leighton, Priya Goundar, Muhammad Morshed, Peter Buck, Annie-Claude Bourgeois, Salima Gasmi","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a03","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v52i0102a03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ixodes scapularis</i> and <i>Ixodes pacificus</i> ticks pose risk of infection with tick-borne diseases in Eastern and Pacific Western Canada, respectively.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In 2021, passive and active tick surveillance programs collected ticks and associated data elements, including location, infection and other characteristics, to monitor their populations and inform public health prevention and mitigation activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surveillance data for ticks were compiled from the National Microbiology Laboratory (Public Health Agency of Canada), provincial public health, Canadian Lyme Disease Research Network and eTick (an image-based online platform). A descriptive analysis of tick records and infection prevalence of tick-borne pathogens is presented. Seasonal trends are described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2021, 6,892 <i>I. scapularis</i> ticks were identified across all ten provinces via passive surveillance with 777 <i>I. pacificus</i> ticks collected from British Columbia. Most were adult female ticks, collected from human hosts in the spring (March-May) or fall (October-November) seasons. The most common pathogen, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi,</i> was detected in 18.6% (95% CI: 17.2%-20.1%) of samples. Active surveillance resulted in 1,929 <i>I. scapularis</i> and 18 <i>I. pacificus</i> ticks collected in six provinces. Among <i>I. scapularis</i>, 22.3% were infected with <i>B. burgdorferi</i>, 11.8% with <i>Babesia odocoilei</i> and 4.3% with <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>. Fewer than 1% were infected with each of <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i> (0.7%), <i>Babesia microti</i> (0.1%) and Powassan virus (0.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the risk of infection with tick-borne diseases continues to grow in many parts of Canada, monitoring trends in infection prevalence and the geographical range expansion of ticks provides essential data to inform public health actions and messaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"52 1-2","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12991183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of non-travel-associated, ceftriaxone non-susceptible <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> FC428-like harbouring the mosaic <i>penA60</i> allele in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Adam S Komorowski, Alireza Eshaghi, Jennifer Burbidge, Karen Johnson, Andrea Saunders, Austin Zygmunt, Maan Hasso, Huda Almohri, Irene Martin, Samir N Patel, Vanessa Tran","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v51i101112a06","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v51i101112a06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This case report describes a young male with multidrug-resistant <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> infection acquired in Ontario, Canada with no travel history.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case follow-up was conducted following routine public health practice in Ontario. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolate was done by agar dilution. Strain typing and other molecular characterization was done by whole genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was treated successfully with intramuscular ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin. Agar dilution testing demonstrated reduced susceptibility to all tested agents, except for azithromycin and spectinomycin, including non-susceptibility to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]=0.5 mg/L) and cefixime (MIC=2 mg/L), resistance to tetracycline (MIC=2 mg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (MIC=32 mg/L), and testing intermediate to penicillin (MIC=1 mg/L). Whole-genome sequencing revealed the isolate was closely related to the FC428 clone, which harbours the mosaic <i>penA60</i> allele responsible for elevated MICs to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone or cefixime, both currently recommended as first-line or alternative treatment options for uncomplicated anogenital gonorrhea infections in Ontario.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identification of this case suggests previously unrecognized local transmission of this multidrug-resistant <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> strain is occurring in Ontario and highlights the need for ongoing surveillance to monitor trends and inform treatment recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"51 10-11/12","pages":"420-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12798834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Canada's initiative of enhanced screening for tuberculosis infection in migrants: Implementation lessons from Alberta.","authors":"Courtney Heffernan, Abdul Jamro, Mary Lou Egedahl, Richard Long","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v51i1011a02","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v51i1011a02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The domestic tuberculosis (TB) disease burden in high-income, low TB-incidence countries is largely driven by the reactivation of remotely acquired TB infections (TBIs) in people born outside the country (PBOC). In Canada, PBOC now accounts for more than three quarters of annual active TB diagnoses. To prevent some of this disease experience, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) rolled out a new TBI screening initiative in 2019.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>An evaluation of TB outcomes among individuals referred through this initiative between May 2019 and May 2023 in Alberta, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria for this initiative are migrants who are required to undergo an immigration medical exam with at least one of HIV/AIDS, solid organ transplant, end-stage renal disease, recent close TB contact (within five years), and past head and neck cancer. Those with a positive screening test for TBI are referred directly to TB services in the stated province/territory of landing for assessment and treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over four years, 179 referrals were made to Alberta. No one referred through the program and offered treatment developed active TB. Overall, 95 individuals were considered suitable candidates for prevention, among whom 87% accepted. Completion was high at nearly 95%. Inefficiencies included 113 individuals undergoing repeated TBI testing locally, 39 (21.8%) referrals not meeting the inclusion criteria, and 61 (34.1%) individuals being rereferred despite being past patients of Alberta TB services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight that, in Alberta, IRCC's new TBI screening initiative was highly successful in connecting referred individuals to TB services. The initiative experienced some inefficiencies and we describe areas where it could be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"51 10-11/12","pages":"381-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust in community as a predictor of public health measure adherence: Insights from a national Canadian survey.","authors":"Neil Seeman, Justin Trent, Kumar Murty","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v51i1011a05","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v51i1011a05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Public health models often lack comprehensive behavioural data, leading to inaccurate predictions about the spread of disease and insufficient information about how to effectively build and sustain adherence to changing public health protocols.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study addresses this lack of comprehensive behavioural data by examining the role of trust as a predictor of adherence to public health measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from an online Web intercept survey of 3,021 randomly engaged Canadians aged 16 years and older, analyzing factors such as gender, education and sources of COVID-19 information in relation to adherence to public health guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trust, respecting someone's expertise sufficiently to be willing to accept their counsel, emerged as a potent predictor of adherence to public health measures, highlighting the significance of trust in shaping community engagement; further, community-level adherence was found to predict anticipated future adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the critical role of trust, especially at the community level, in the success of public health measures, and proposes integrating trust measurement into public health models of compliance and resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94304,"journal":{"name":"Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada","volume":"51 10-11/12","pages":"413-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12798833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}